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PRESENTED BY:ORJI JONATHAN ORJI ( DE GENIUS)
GUIDED BY:PhD. TAMRIKO VALISHVILIDOCTOR OF MEDICINELECTURER ATSU.
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Nervous system:Central nervous system (CNS): brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS): cranialnerves and spinal nerves
Two types of cells: neurons( cells of the nervous system that can receive and sends signals)
and supporting (glial) cells
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Parts of a neuronCell body- contains the nucleus and other
organelles
Dendrites- transmit electrical impulses TO thecell body
Axon- transmits impulse AWAY from the cell body
axons can be several feet long
“Axon hillock” is located near the cell bodynerve impulses originate there
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Myelin is wrapped around the axon of many neurons
In periphery, myelin is produced by Schwann
cells
In CNS, it is produced by oligodendrocytes
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SUPPORTING CELLS
Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes- producemyelin
Satellite cells- support neurons in PNSMicroglia-phagocytes in CNSAstrocytes- induces blood-brain barrier.Ependymal cells- special epithelium that linebrain ventricles and central canal of spinal cord
also part of structure that makes CSF
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CLASSIFICATION OFNEURON
FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION
Interneuron- located entirely within CNS, (only in CNS) and connect neurons together
integrates functions in CNS
Sensory neuron: ( signals from sensory receptor to CNS)
Motor neuron: ( signals from CNS to effectors organ)
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STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATIONNeurons display great diversity in size and
shape . Structural classification : according to the number of processes extending from the cell body. A- Mutipolar neurons : - have several dendrites and one axon. - Neurons of brain and spinal cord.
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B- Bipolar neurons :- have one dendrite and one axon.- found in the retina of the eyes , in the inner ear and in the olfactory area of the brain
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c- Unipolar neurons : - have dendrites and one axon - these neurons are more appropriately called: pseudounipolar neurons because they begin in the embryo as bipolar neurons.unipolar neurons are located in dorsal root ganglia of spinal cor & sensory ganglion of cranial nerves.