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Page 1: Preterm Birth, Infant Mortality and Birth Defects National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Preterm Birth, Infant Mortality and Birth

Defects

National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities

Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities

Page 2: Preterm Birth, Infant Mortality and Birth Defects National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Preterm Birth and Birth Defects Overlapping outcomes

Top 2 leading causes of infant mortality Birth defects are associated with increased risk of

preterm birth (infants w/ BD = 2.7 times more likely to be born preterm; 11.5 times more likely to be born very preterm)

Babies born preterm have a 2-3 fold higher likelihood of having a birth defect

Shared risk factors Family history Assisted reproductive technology (ART) Maternal medical conditions, such as diabetes, obesity Maternal infectious diseases, such as varicella Behavioral factors, such as alcohol and cigarette smoking

Page 3: Preterm Birth, Infant Mortality and Birth Defects National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Preterm Births and Infant Mortality among Infants with and without

Birth Defects

National Birth Defects Prevention Study multi-state, population-based case-control study Preterm birth and small-for-gestational age among

infants with birth defects

Some examples of research focused on preterm birth among controls (infants without birth defects)• Maternal infections during

pregnancy • Maternal medication use, such as

SSRI

• Periconceptional intake of folic acid and food folate

• Maternal dietary nutrient intake

Page 4: Preterm Birth, Infant Mortality and Birth Defects National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Opportunities for Reducing Infant Mortality due to Birth Defects:

Treatment and Prevention Appropriate and timely treatment

Addressing disparities in care and survival Prevention through preconception health

Ensuring sufficient folic acid intake before and during early pregnancy

Screening and brief intervention to decrease alcohol-exposed pregnancies

Eliminating smoking during pregnancy Reducing pre-pregnancy obesity Keeping diabetes well-controlled before

and during pregnancy Planning for safe medication use in

pregnancy

Page 5: Preterm Birth, Infant Mortality and Birth Defects National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Inclusion of Birth Defects in Plans to Reduce Infant Mortality

Partner with birth defects surveillance program and other key state programs

Partner with parent support groups and advocacy groups working on preventing birth defects and improving the lives of those with birth defects

Engage in preconception health to impact risk of birth defects and preterm birth


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