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Preventing Expulsions and
Suspensions in Early
Education Settings
Arlene Rose, DHS, Division of Child Care and Early Childhood
Education
Nicola A. Edge, PhD, Associate Professor
UAMS, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine
October 20, 2016
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OBJECTIVES:
• Identify Arkansas’s process to develop an
expulsion prevention Response System
• Describe the partnerships that have been developed
• Share first quarter data
• Outline successes and challenges
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What has happened to highlight the
issue?
• Data is compelling
• Reauthorization of the Child Care and
Development Block Grant (CCDBG) Act of 2014
• Joint Policy Statement by the US Department of
Health and Human Services and
Department of Education
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Arkansas’s Process To Develop
a Response System
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Expulsion and Suspension
Workgroup O Established as a result of receiving the US
Department of Education’s Policy Statement on
Expulsions and Suspensions in Early Childhood
Settings in December 2014, the Child Care and
Development Block Grant Reauthorization Bill,
and the federal Office of Child Care’s Child Care
and Development Fund Pre-Print.
O Multi-disciplinary Workgroup
O First meeting held on January 7, 2015.
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Fair and Appropriate
Policies
Setting goals and tracking
data
Strong Family Partnerships
Universal developmental and behavioral
monitoring, screening, and
follow-up
Access to specialized
consultation
High-Skilled Workforce
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Source: Center for the Social and Emotional
Foundations of Early Learning,
www.vanderbilt.csefel.edu
PYRAMID MODEL
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• Embedded non-suspension/expulsion policies in
the Participant Agreement for child care centers
accepting child care vouchers to align with the
existing policies in the Arkansas Better Chance
Program.
• New questions about suspension and expulsion
policies will be included in annual CCDF
Participant Agreement test. Required parent
notification of non-expulsion policies.
What have we done?
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• Hosted a series of six (6) statewide training
events on the theme that ‘Quality Programs
Support All Children’ to promote a better
understanding of the issue by the workforce.
• Provided child care program directors with
training resources to build teacher capacity.
• Received small grant to host nine (9) parent
forums statewide
What have we done?
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Developed and disseminated tools for centers that
wish to voluntarily adopt stronger non-
suspension/expulsion policies, such as sample
center-level policies and self-assessment tools
What have we done?
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Training Resources
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• Provided workforce with a stronger professional
development path in the social-emotional
domain, including training on the Pyramid
Model for Supporting Social Emotional
Competence.
• Broadened data systems across the division to
track technical assistance given to providers
who are experiencing challenging behaviors
outside of the state’s ABC preschool program.
What have we done?
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Expanded Mental Health Consultation
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BEHAVIORHELP
Tier 2: Behavior described as more serious and/or
teacher frustration is high;
Short term TA by team of experts in developmentally
appropriate practice and/or social-emotional supports
D
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Tier 1: Concerns described sound developmentally
normal and frustration is not excessively high;
DCCECE Specialists share information and resources
Provider/Parent complete onlines form and interview
with DCCECE staff
Tier 3: Behavior frequent and extreme and/or identified
trauma history or multi-system involvement;
Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation
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Baseline Data on Provider Practices
57% called parent (past
month)
9% expelled
43% suspended or expelled
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Provider Perceptions
O Almost half (48%) agree a non-expulsion
policy will be a big change for their program
O One-third (35%) were ‘concerned’
O Most (90%) agreed the training helped them
understand why children should not be
expelled
O Most (83%) reported they expect to use
BehaviorHelp this year
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BehaviorHelp Requests July 1 – October 11, 2016
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Jul-16 Aug-16 Sep-16 Oct-16
BehaviorHelp Referrals
July 1, 2016 - October 11, 2016
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
<2 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years unknown
Age of Children Referred
July 1 - October 11, 2016
Number
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57% 25%
7%
3%
4% 4%
White
African-
American
Biracial
Asian/Pacific
Islander
Hispanic
Unknown
80%
16%
4%
Male
Female
Unknown
White Males Majority of Those
Referred
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Behavior Description
56.3%
39.6%
25.0%
39.6%
93.8%
29.8%
66.0%
57.4%
17.4%
89.4%
29.2%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
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Trauma
O Violent deaths of parents or
siblings
O Abandonment
O Abuse and Neglect
O Foster care
O Divorce and extreme custody
dispute
O Parent deployment
O Parental arrest
O Serious accident
O Parent Alcohol abuse
Referrals referenced
difficult or traumatic
events in 33% of
cases:
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SUCCESSES
“I didn’t think you were going to call. You called us so quickly.”
• Utilization of response system increasing
• Improved dialogue with partners and programs
to address challenging behaviors
• Weekly staffings conducted to identify
interventions or alternate plans
• Identifying and refining systems, forms, and
strengthening linkages as we go
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• Adjusted existing staff and contractor
responsibilities to support this effort
• Prevention message getting out
• Publicity around issue increased
• Participation in Learning Table on Evaluation
SUCCESSES
“Thank you for your support, listening and responding to our concerns!”
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CHALLENGES and WORK
AHEAD O Needs may outweigh resources available
O Changing community norms (attitudes and behaviors toward challenging children)
O Promotion and understanding of prevention model
O Continued supports needed to assist classroom management practices
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CHALLENGES and WORK
AHEAD
O Increasing parental involvement
O Children being referred experiencing
extensive trauma
O Funding
O Data Management and continuous
evaluation of effort
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QUESTIONS?