Download - principle of oop’s in cpp
05/01/2023
By:-Gourav Kottawar 1
PRINCIPLE OF OOP’SChap 1 By:-Gourav Kottawar
05/01/2023By:-Gourav Kottawar
2
Contents 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Procedural Vs Object Oriented
Programming 1.3 Classes, Object, Data Abstraction, 1.4 Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism 1.5 Dynamic Binding, Message Passing 1.6 Object Oriented Languages 1.7 Object Based languages % - 5
05/01/2023By:-Gourav Kottawar
3
1.1 Introduction C is a programming language developed in the
1970's alongside the UNIX operating system. C provides a comprehensive set of features for
handling a wide variety of applications, such as systems development and scientific computation.
C++ is an “extension” of the C language, in that most C programs are also C++ programs.
C++, as opposed to C, supports “object-oriented programming.”
By:-Gourav Kottawar
Principles of Object oriented programming
05/01/2023
4
Software Crisis1. Real life problems2. designing system with open
interface3. Reusability and extensibility4. quality5. Time schedule6. Industrialize SDP.
By:-Gourav Kottawar
Layers of computer software
05/01/2023
5
Object Oriented
Programming
1.0
By:-Gourav Kottawar
Typical structure of Procedure oriented programming
05/01/2023
6
05/01/2023By:-Gourav Kottawar
7
1.2 Procedural Vs Object Oriented Programming Procedure Oriented Programming
Object Oriented Programming
Divided Into In POP, program is divided into small parts called functions.
In OOP, program is divided into parts called objects.
Importance
In POP,Importance is not given to data but to functions as well as sequence of actions to be done.
In OOP, Importance is given to the data rather than procedures or functions because it works as areal world.
Approach POP follows Top Down approach. OOP follows Bottom Up approach.
Access Specifiers POP does not have any
access specifier.OOP has access specifiers named Public, Private, Protected, etc.
Data MovingIn POP, Data can move freely from function to function in the system.
In OOP, objects can move and communicate with each other through member functions.
05/01/2023By:-Gourav Kottawar
8
1.2 Procedural Vs Object Oriented Programming
Procedure Oriented Programming
Object Oriented Programming
Expansion To add new data and function in POP is not so easy.
OOP provides an easy way to add new data and function.
Data Access
In POP, Most function uses Global data for sharing that can be accessed freely from function to function in the system.
In OOP, data can not move easily from function to function,it can be kept public or private so we can control the access of data.
Data HidingPOP does not have any proper way for hiding data so it is less secure.
OOP provides Data Hiding so provides more security.
Overloading In POP, Overloading is not possible.
In OOP, overloading is possible in the form of Function Overloading and Operator Overloading.
Examples Example of POP are : C, VB, FORTRAN, Pascal.
Example of OOP are : C++, JAVA, VB.NET, C#.NET.
05/01/2023By:-Gourav Kottawar
9
Object Oriented paradigm Emphasis is data rather than procedure. Programs are divided into what are known as objects. Data structures are designed such that they characterize
the objects. Functions that operate on the data of an object are tied
together in the data structure. Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by external
functions. Objects may communicate with each other through
functions. New data and functions can be easily added whenever
necessary. Follows bottom up approach
05/01/2023By:-Gourav Kottawar
10
Organization of data and functions in oop
By:-Gourav Kottawar
Basic concepts of object oriented programming
05/01/2023
11
Objectobjects are runtime entities in an
object oriented system.An object is anything that can be represented by data in a computer’s memory and manipulated by a computer program.
By:-Gourav Kottawar
objects
05/01/2023
12
Numbers
By:-Gourav Kottawar
objects
05/01/2023
13
Text
By:-Gourav Kottawar
objects
05/01/2023
14
Pictures
By:-Gourav Kottawar
objects
05/01/2023
15
Sound
By:-Gourav Kottawar
objects
05/01/2023
16
Video
05/01/2023
Object-Oriented Programming
An object can be something in the physical world or even just an abstract idea.
An airplane, for example, is a physical object that can be manipulated by a computer.
17
05/01/2023
Object-Oriented Programming
An object can be something in the physical world or even just an abstract idea.
A bank transaction is an example of an object that is not physical.
18
Object-Oriented Programming
To a computer, an object is simply something that can be represented by data in the computer’s memory and manipulated by computer programs.
05/01/2023 19
Object-Oriented Programming
The data that represent the object are organized into a set of properties.
The values stored in an object’s properties at any one time form the state of an object.
Name: PA 3794Owner: US AirlinesLocation: 39 52′ 06″ N 75 13′ 52″ W Heading: 271°Altitude: 19 mAirSpeed: 0Make: BoeingModel: 737Weight:32,820 kg
05/01/2023 20
By:-Gourav Kottawar 05/01/2023
21
Two ways of representing an object
By:-Gourav Kottawar
Classes
05/01/2023
22
The entire set of data and code of an object can be made a user defined data type with the help of a class.
Objects are variables of the type class. Once a class has been defined, we can
create any number of objects belonging to that class.
A class in collection of similar type objects.
Object-Oriented Programming
Each copy of an object from a particular class is called an instance of the object.
05/01/2023 23
Object-Oriented Programming
The act of creating a new instance of an object is called instantiation.
05/01/2023 24
Object-Oriented Programming
A class can be thought of as a blueprint for instances of an object.
05/01/2023 25
Object-Oriented Programming
Two different instances of the same class will have the same properties, but different values stored in those properties.
05/01/2023 26
05/01/2023By:-Gourav Kottawar
Encapsulation27
The wrapping up of data and function into a single unit (called class) is known as encapsulation.
Data and encapsulation is the most striking feature of a class.
The data is not accessible to the outside world, and only those functions which are wrapped in the class can access it.
These functions provide the interface between the object’s data and the program.
This insulation of the data from direct access by the program is called data hiding or information hiding.
By:-Gourav Kottawar
Abstraction
05/01/2023
28 Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the
background details or explanation. Classes use the concept of abstraction and are defined
as a list of abstract attributes such as size, wait, and cost, and function operate on these
attributes. They encapsulate all the essential properties of the object that are to be created. The attributes are some time called data members because they hold information. The
functions that operate on these data are sometimes called methods or member function
By:-Gourav Kottawar
Abstraction
05/01/2023
29
By:-Gourav Kottawar
Inheritance
05/01/2023
30
Inheritance is the process by which objects of one class acquired the properties of objects of another classes.
It supports the concept of hierarchical classification.
By:-Gourav Kottawar
Polymorphism
05/01/2023
31
Polymorphism is another important OOP concept. Polymorphism, a Greek term, means the ability to take more than on form.
An operation may exhibit different behavior is different instances. The behavior depends upon the types of data used in the operation.
For example, consider the operation of addition. For two numbers, the operation will generate a sum. If the operands are strings, then the operation would
produce a third string by concatenation. The process of making an operator to exhibit different behaviors in different instances is known as operator overloading.
By:-Gourav Kottawar 05/01/2023
32 Polymorphism plays an important role in allowing objects having different internal structures to share the same external interface.
Polymorphism is extensively used in implementing inheritance.
By:-Gourav Kottawar
Dynamic binding
05/01/2023
33
Binding refers to the linking of a procedure call to the code to be executed in response to the call.
Dynamic binding means that the code associated with a given procedure call is not known until the time of the call at run time.
It is associated with polymorphism and inheritance.
A function call associated with a polymorphic reference depends on the dynamic type of that reference.
By:-Gourav Kottawar
Message binding
05/01/2023
34
An object oriented program consists a set of objects that communicate with each other. The process involves- creating classes that define objects and their behavior.- creating objects from class definitions,- establishing communications among objects.
By:-Gourav Kottawar
Benefits of oops
05/01/2023
35 Through inheritance, we can eliminate redundant
code extend the use of existing Classes. We can build programs from the standard
working modules that communicate with one another, rather than having to start writing the code from scratch. This leads to saving of development time and higher productivity.
• The principle of data hiding helps the programmer to build secure program that can not be invaded by code in other parts of a programs.
• It is possible to have multiple instances of an object to co-exist without any interference.
By:-Gourav Kottawar
Benefits of oops
05/01/2023
36
• It is possible to map object in the problem domain to those in the program.
• It is easy to partition the work in a project based on objects.
• The data-centered design approach enables us to capture more detail of a model
can implemental form. • Object-oriented system can be easily upgraded from
small to large system. • Message passing techniques for communication between
objects makes to interface descriptions with external systems much simpler. • Software complexity can be easily managed
05/01/2023By:-Gourav Kottawar
37
Objects Oriented languages ABAP Ada
95 Amiga
E BETA Blue Boo C++ C# Chapel Clario
n CLU COBO
L
FalconFancyFortran 2003FPrFreeBASICF-ScriptF#GambasGraphtalkIDLscriptJJ#JADEJava
GroovyJoin JavaX10
LassoLavaLexicoLingoLISPLogtalkMATLABModula-2
Modula-3
NemerleNetRexxNoopOberon (Oberon-1)
Oberon-2
Object Pascal
DelphiFree PascalTurbo Pascal
Object REXXObjective-COCaml
CobraColdFusionCommon LispCOOLCorbaScriptCurlDDylanEEiffel SatherOmnis StudioOz
Mozart Programming System
Perl since v5PHP5
Power BuilderPrototype-based languages
Actor-Based Concurrent Languages: ABCL/1, ABCL/R, ABCL/R2, ABCL/c+AgoraCecilCel
05/01/2023
38
Object based languages
Examples of a language that is object-based but not object-oriented are early versions of Ada, Javascript, and Visual Basic (VB). These languages all support the definition of an object as a data structure but lack polymorphism and inheritance.
By:-Gourav Kottawar