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Principles
of
Design
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Principles of
Design
• Proportion & Scale
• Balance
• Emphasis
• Rhythm
• Harmony
• RULES
• The principles of
design are the rules
that govern how we
use each of the
elements of design in
any given art work.
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Proportion
/Scale
Flattering the
figure
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• Scale: Relates to the
absolute size of an
object or space
compared to other
things.
• Proportion: How
the lines/shapes
divide the space,
garment into parts.
Compared to the
whole.
• Proportion = Ratio’s
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Proportion=
ratios
• Any fashion can be divided into parts and compared, which creates a ratio.
• Draw visual lines across the design to begin.
• Where there is a line, color, texture or shape change begin the first part of your ratio.
• The second part of the ratio is the remaining part of the outfit.
1
1
3
2
1 to 3
ratio
1
2
3
4
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Balancein Fashion
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Balance
• The parts of a design are arranged so they achieve
a feeling of rest and equilibrium
• Refers to how lines, shapes, colors, textures, and
patterns are used to break up an area or space into
parts.
• You can manipulate the elements of design to
increase or decrease apparent visual weight.
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Two types of
balance
• Within balance there are two main methods
to create equilibrium
– Symmetrical Balance
– Asymmetrical Balance
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Symmetrical
Balance
• Both sides are EXACTLY the same, a
mirror image of each other.
• This type of balance gives a very solid and
professional look.
• Symmetrical balance is referred to as
formal balance.
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Symmetrical
Examples
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Asymmetrical
Balance
• The design is balanced, but each side is
different in some way.
• This type of balance tends to draw attention
to a particular area.
• Asymmetrical is referred to as informal
balance.
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Asymmetrical
Examples
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Emphasis
in
Fashion
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emphasis
• A dominant focal point or center of interest in a
garment or an outfit created by the use of line,
shape, color, texture, and/or pattern.
• A point for the eye to rest on for a period of time.
• An outfit without a dominant point of interest
appears uninteresting, boring, and unfinished.
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Too much
emphasis
• Two or more dominant areas or points of emphasis, are distracting and confusing… the eye becomes overly stimulated and the effect is spotty and displeasing.
• Other points of interest may be present… but they must be less obvious in their claim for attention. The eye notices them, does not rest there, but returns to the dominant point.
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Examples of
emphasis
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The
Rhythmof Fashion
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Rhythm
• Refers to how attention is led around the garment or the outfit.
• Rhythm is achieved when the lines, shapes, colors, textures, or patterns in clothing and accessories are arranged to lead the viewer’s eye easily from one part of the garment to another.
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Rhythm by
gradation
• Gradual change in
lines, shapes, color
values or textures
within the design
• The degree of change
must be SMALL or a
jumpy, choppy effect
will result.
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Rhythm by
opposition
• Alternation of two or more
lines, shapes, colors,
textures, or patterns. Causes
contrast or opposing details
in a design.
• Examples: yellow then blue
stripes in a shirt, beads used
against feathers, sheer then
opaque fabric used.
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Rhythm by
Repetition
• Repetition of line,
shape, color, texture, or
pattern within the design
• Examples: row of
buttons, trim on collar
and cuffs, the same
color used several times.
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Rhythm by
radiation
• Of lines, shapes, colors, or textural folds
inward or outward from a central point or
area.
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Rhythm by
transition
• Continuous line movement
created by a line of shapes,
colors, or textural trims.
• Examples: princess
seamlines, contrasting piping
around the collar and down
the center front to the
hemline
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• Gradation
• Opposition
• Radiation
• Repetition
• Transition
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Harmony
in
Fashion
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Harmony
• Harmony is created by the following the principles (rules)
of design when using the elements (tools).
• Harmony is pleasing when it has unity and variety.
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Unity
Repeats one or more of
the elements of
design to tie the
outfit together.
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Variety
Uses multiple elements
of design to add
interest and
excitement to the
outfit.