1Probability & Statistics – Bell Ringer
Make a list of all the possible places where you encounter probability or statistics in your everyday life.
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Probability & Statistics – Day 3
“BELL RINGER” DISCUSSION
STATS INTRO – LESSON 1
IN-CLASS EXERCISES
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Key Term
Statistics: the science of conducting studies to collect, organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions.
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Why Study Statistics?
1. Students and professionals must be able to read and understand statistical studies performed in their field.
Requires knowledge of vocabulary, symbols, concepts, and statistical procedures used in these studies.
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Why Study Statistics?
2. Students and professionals may be required to conduct research in their field.
Research requires use of statistical procedures to perform experiments, conduct surveys, etc.
Eventually communicate findings to others.
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Why Study Statistics?
3. Students and professionals can use knowledge gained from studying statistics to become better consumers and citizens.
Intelligent decisions:
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Key Terms
Variable: a characteristic or attribute that can assume different values.
Random Variable: determined by chance.
Data: value (measurements or observations) that the variables can assume.
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Key Terms
Probability: the chance of an event occurring.
Population: consists of all subjects that are being studied.
Sample: a group of subjects selected from a population.
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Branches of Statistics
Descriptive: consists of the collection, organization, summarization, and presentation of data. Ex:
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Branches of Statistics
Inferential: consists of generalizing from samples to populations, performing hypothesis testing, determining relationships among variables, and making predictions. Ex:
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Probability & Statistics – Day 4
1.3 Key Terms
In-Class Exercises
“Applying the Concepts” Worksheet
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Types of Variables
Qualitative: variables that can be placed into distinct categories, according to some characteristic or attribute.
- Ex:
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Measurement Scales
Nominal Level: classifies data into mutually exclusive categories in which no order or ranking can be imposed on the data.
- Ex:
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Measurement Scales
Ordinal Level: classifies data into categories that can be ranked; however, precise differences between the ranks do not exist.
- Ex:
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Measurement Scales
Interval Level: ranks data, and precise differences between units of measure do exist; however, there is no meaningful zero.
- Ex:
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Measurement Scales
Ratio Level: possesses all the characteristics of interval measurement, and a true zero does exist.
- Ex:
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Measurement Scales – Examples
Height:
Major Field:
IQ Scores:
Salary:
Temperature:
Eye Color:
Ranking of Golfers:
Zip Code:
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Measurement Scales – Examples
Grade (A, B, C, D, F):
Judging (1st, 2nd, etc):
Political Affiliation:
Time:
Gender:
Age:
SAT Score:
Rating Scale (poor, good, excellent):
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Probability & Statistics – Day 5
Go over homework – Page 24: 7-9
“Applying the Concepts” Worksheet
1.4-1.5 Lesson
Assignment
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Methods of Sampling
Systematic: subjects are selected by using every number after the first subject is randomly selected from 1 through .
- Ex:
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Methods of Sampling
Stratified: subjects are selected by dividing up the population into groups and subjects within groups are randomly selected.
- Ex:
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Methods of Sampling
Cluster: subjects are selected by using an intact group that is representative of the population.
- Ex:
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Types of Studies
Observational: researcher merely observes what is happening or what has happened in the past and tries to draw conclusions based on these observations.
- Ex: Upcoming Slide
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Types of Studies
Experimental: researcher manipulates one of the variables and tries to determine how the manipulation influences other variables.
- Ex: Upcoming Slide
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Study #1
Data from the Motorcycle Industry Council stated that “Motorcycle owners are getting older and richer.” Data was collected on the ages and incomes of motorcycle owners for the years of 1998 and 2008 and then compared. The findings showed considerable differences in the ages and incomes of motorcycle owners for the two years.
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Study #2
A study conducted divided female students into two groups and had the students perform as many sit-ups as possible in 90 seconds. The first group was told only to “do your best,” while the other group was told to increase the actual number of sit-ups they did each day by 10%. After four days, the subjects in the first group averaged 43 sit-ups, while the other group averaged 56 sit-ups.
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Experimental Variables
Independent: manipulated by researcher.
Dependent: variable being studied for possible effects from manipulation of independent variable.
Confounding: variable that influences the dependent variable but cannot be separated from the independent variable.
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Types of Groups
Treatment Group: a group that has received some type of special treatment.
- Ex:
Control Group: a group that is not given any special treatment.
- Ex:
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Probability & Statistics – Day 6
Go over homework – Pages 24-25: 12, 17-20
Chapter 1 Review Assignment
Chapter 1 Test tomorrow!