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ESA European Seed Association
Problems breeders face when Problems breeders face when enforcing their rightsenforcing their rights
Bert ScholteTechnical Director – ESA
Regional seminar on enforcement of PVR – Warsaw 11-12.05.06
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ESA European Seed Association 2
TopicsTopics
1. Introduction
2. Vegetable crops
- examples
3. Agricultural crops
- examples
4. Conclusions
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ESA European Seed Association 3
1 - Introduction1 - Introduction
ESA Members
Association members:33 National Seed Associations – 19 countries
Individual Members41 Individual Seed Companies
Associate MembershipBulgaria, Turkey, Serbia – Montenegro
Observers2 companies
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ESA European Seed Association 4
02468
10121416182022
ESA Individual Members
Euro
<25 Mio
<50 Mio
<75 Mio
<100 Mio
<150 Mio
<200 Mio
<250 Mio
<325 Mio
<450 Mio
EU Turnover
Total:
Number of companies
Association Members: 33 National Association Members from 19 EU Member States representing > 400 Companies covering plant breeding, seed production and marketing
41 Individual Members:
turnover
1 - ESA Members1 - ESA Members
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ESA European Seed Association 5
1 - Investment in Plant Breeding1 - Investment in Plant Breeding
Seed business : Seed business : investment in research : 12-15% turnoverinvestment in research : 12-15% turnover
- need for strong Intellectual Property Protection
- effective means of enforcing IP rights
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ESA European Seed Association 6
1 - ESA – Mission statement1 - ESA – Mission statement
ESA is the voice of the European seed industry, representing the interests of those active in research, breeding, production and marketing of seeds of agricultural, horticultural and ornamental plant species.
ESA's mission is to work for
effective protection of intellectual property relating to plants and seeds;fair and proportionate regulation of the European seed industry;freedom of choice for customers (farmers, growers, industry, consumers) in supplying seeds as a result of innovative, diverse technologies
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7
ESA BoardPresident
Elected by General
Assembly
Vice-PresidentElected by
General Assembly
TreasurerElected by
General Assembly
Members at largeElected by
General Assembly
Committee Chairmen Proposed by ESA Board
Section ChairmenElected by Section
Working Group Seed Treatment & Technology - STAT
Committee Regulatory and Legal Affairs
CRLA
ESAGeneral
Secretariat
CommitteeIntellectual Property and Breeders
Rights CIPR
Section BeetsSBE
Section Cereals and
Pulses SCP
Section Forage
Plants & Amenity
Grasses SFG
Section MaizeSMA
Section Potatoes
SPO
Section Oil and Fibre
SOF
Section Vegetables
and Ornamentals
SVO
G E N E R A L A S S E M B L YAssociation & Individual & Associate Members
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ESA European Seed Association 8
2 - Vegetables2 - Vegetables
Infringement – increasing problem
2005 – set up of Working Groups
Germplasm misappropriation
Misappropriation of brands, logo’s and packaging material
(Vegetative) reproduction of seed propagated varieties
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ESA European Seed Association 9
2 - Vegetable crops - examples2 - Vegetable crops - examples
SVO Working Groups
Germplasm misappropriationF1 hybrids sold under a different name
F2 seeds sold under the name of the hybrid
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ESA European Seed Association 10
2 - Vegetable crops - examples2 - Vegetable crops - examples
Parental Lines A x B
F1 - hybrid AB
F2 - hybrid segregating population
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ESA European Seed Association 11
2 - Vegetable crops - examples2 - Vegetable crops - examples
SVO Working Groups
Misappropriation of brands, logo’s and packaging material
Sales under a brand or logo of a major seed company
Forgery and re-use of packages
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ESA European Seed Association 12
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ESA European Seed Association 13
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ESA European Seed Association 14
2 - Vegetable crops - examples2 - Vegetable crops - examples
SVO Working Groups
(Vegetative) reproduction of seed propagated varieties
Open pollinated varieties
Hybrids
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ESA European Seed Association 15
2 - Vegetable crops 2 - Vegetable crops
Outcome of SVO Working groupsMonitoring
Legal actions by individual companies
PR campaign to inform growers
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ESA European Seed Association 16
2 - Vegetables – enforcement problems 2 - Vegetables – enforcement problems
Evidence Own initiative
Gathering of evidence on the spot
Involvement of examination offices
Use of CPVO examination reports
Court casesOne competent court
Costs
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ESA European Seed Association 17
GeneralGeneral
Essentially Derived VarietiesUPOV ’91 – art 14.5
Lack of provisions to assess
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ESA European Seed Association 18
3 - Agricultural crops3 - Agricultural crops
Black market ( sales of uncertified seed )
Farm Saved SeedOpen pollinated varieties
Hybrids
Use of Varieties not listed on the Common Catalogue ( grasses )
Duration of Plant Breeders Rights ( potato )
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ESA European Seed Association 19
3 - FSS3 - FSS
Task Force on FSS set up in 2005Magnitude of the problem
Possibilities for improvement
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ESA European Seed Association 20
3 - UPOV 19913 - UPOV 1991
Art 15.2 Exceptions to the Breeder’s Right
Provides for the use of FSS
Within reasonable limits
Subject to the safeguarding of the legitimate interest of the breeder
Optional exception
ESA is not in favor of implementation in National Law
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ESA European Seed Association 21
3 – Farm Saved Seed3 – Farm Saved Seed
Information received from 19 EU Member States12 Old MS except Greece, Luxemburg, Portugal
7 New MS except Cyprus, Malta, Slovenia
Area covered (2004)44.000.000 ha - cereals
17.800.000 ha - winter wheat
6.400.000 ha - spring barley
6.200.000 ha - winter barley
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ESA European Seed Association 22
3 - FSS cereals – Area 20043 - FSS cereals – Area 2004
Crop Area % FSS Area FSS
Winter wheat 17.8 54 9.7
Winter barley 6.2 56 3.4
Rye 2.7 78 2.1
Triticale 2.3 62 1.4
Durum wheat 3.3 1 0.03
Spring wheat 1.3 75 0.9
Spring barley 6.4 45 2.9
Oats 2.5 69 1.7
Mixed Cereals 1.4 90 1.26
Total 44 53 23.5
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ESA European Seed Association 23
3 - FSS Potatoes – area 20043 - FSS Potatoes – area 2004
Potato area: 2.280.000 ha
Seed potatoes: 113.000 ha
% FSS: 63 % ( 23% - 96% )
Area planted using FSS: 1.430.000 ha
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ESA European Seed Association 24
3 - FSS Poland - 20043 - FSS Poland - 2004
Area (ha) % FSS
Cereals 7.800.000 92
Potatoes 765.000 94
Oilseed rape 538.000 35
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ESA European Seed Association 25
3 – FSS 3 – FSS
Legal framework: Art 14 – Basic Regulation (2100/94)
Limited to a restricted number of agricultural crops
Subject to the payment of an equitable remuneration to the breeder
Farmers are required to supply information on the use of FSS
Relevant info may be provided by official bodies
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ESA European Seed Association 26
3 - FSS3 - FSS
Countries – functioning systemsCzech Republic, Finland, France (wheat), Holland, Ireland, UK
Other countriesNo systems in place yetDifficulties in obtaining information on the use of FSS
Involvement official authorities neededDefinitions in Legal framework to be revised
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ESA European Seed Association 27
4 - Conclusions4 - Conclusions
Vegetable cropsIncrease of infringements
Need for protection of inbred lines and hybrids Need to reduce costs
Difficulties in gathering evidence
Need for specialized courts
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ESA European Seed Association 28
4 - Conclusions4 - Conclusions
Agricultural cropsNeed for involvement of official bodies – FSS
Need for amendments in the legal framework
Need for specialized courts
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ESA European Seed Association
Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention
Contact details:
ESARue Luxembourg 23 - B-1000 Brussels
Tel: +32-2-7432860www.euroseeds.org