Proceedings of the
2013 HPC Fall Meeting
Friday, November 1, 2013
Sabbatini Lounge
Christian Brothers University
650 East Parkway South
Memphis, TN 38104
Members
FedEx, Medtronic, Merck Consumer Care, New-Tech Packaging, Olympus Surgical Technologies America
Plastic Ingenuity, Smith & Nephew, The Pallet Factory, Wright Medical, WS Packaging
2013 HPC Fall Meeting Friday, November 1, 2013
Sabbatini Lounge, 2nd
Floor of Thomas Center, Christian Brothers University
650 East Parkway South, Memphis, TN 38104
8:00 a.m. – 8:45 a.m. Check-in/Continental Breakfast
Poster Session
8:45 a.m. – 10:15 a.m. Pre-Shipment Testing Trends – Field Measurements to Validate and Develop
Test Methods
Bryan Williams
Lansmont
10:15 a.m. – 10:30 a.m. Coffee Break
10:30 a.m. – 12:00 noon Practical Aspects of Pre-shipment Tests with Healthcare Product Emphasis
Larry Rutledge, ISTA Certified Lab Manager
Christian Brothers University
12:00 noon – 1:00 p.m. Lunch
Poster Session
1:00 p.m. – 2:30 p.m. ISTA Lab & Professional Certifications
Pong Malasri, Director of Healthcare Packaging Consortium
Christian Brothers University
2:30 p.m. – 2:45 p.m. Coffee Break
2:45 p.m. – 4:15 p.m. Consortium History & Progress
Pong Malasri
iPhone App from Tote Study
Chad Baker
Pallet Study
Pong Malasri
Corporate Sponsor
Campus Map: http://www.cbu.edu/about/campusmap.html
Members
FedEx, Medtronic, Merck Consumer Care, New-Tech Packaging, Olympus Surgical Technologies America
Plastic Ingenuity, Smith & Nephew, The Pallet Factory, Wright Medical, WS Packaging
Registration
Registration Deadline: Friday, October 25, 2013, 12:00 noon
Registration Fees (including a copy of meeting proceedings and meals/drinks):
o Members of the Healthcare Packaging Consortium FREE
o Regular Registration Fee $250/person
o CBU Alumni $200/person
o CBU Faculty/Staff/Students FREE
Check Payment
Mail this form with a check payable to Christian Brothers University to:
2013 HPC Fall Meeting
c/o Dr. Pong Malasri
Christian Brothers University
650 East Parkway South
Memphis, TN 38104
NAME __________________________________________________________________
(First) (Middle Initial) (Last)
Company ________________________________________________________________
Email ___________________________________________________________________
Phone ___________________________________________________________________
Amount enclosed __________________________________________________________
(Please circle one of the registration fee above.)
Credit Card Payment
You can register and pay by credit card online at: https://luna.cbu.edu/innovation/
Please enter “2013 HPC Fall Meeting” under “Seminar Conference Name”.
Members
FedEx, Medtronic, Merck Consumer Care, New-Tech Packaging, Olympus Surgical Technologies America
Plastic Ingenuity, Smith & Nephew, The Pallet Factory, Wright Medical, WS Packaging
Registered Participants
1. Aflaki, James Christian Brothers University
2. Ahleman, Jason Merck Consumer Care
3. Aung, Phyo Christian Brothers University
4. Baker, Chad Christian Brothers University
5. Barmer, Matt Nuvasive
6. Beal, Brandon New-Tech Packaging
7. Brown, Ray Christian Brothers University
8. Carpenter, Scott Merck Consumer Care
9. Choudhary, Divya Christian Brothers University
10. Chriswell, Rick New-Tech Packaging
11. Gilman, Jay FedEx
12. Griffith, Ike Christian Brothers University
13. Guerrero, David Christian Brothers University
14. Harvey, Mallory Christian Brothers University
15. Held, Patrick Christian Brothers University
16. Kneipp, Wayne International Paper
17. Le, Phillip Merck Consumer Care
18. Lutledge, Larry CBU Certified Test Lab
19. Malasri, Pong Christian Brothers University
20. Matos, Griselda Christian Brothers University
21. McIntyre, Shawn Nuvasive
22. Moats, Bob Christian Brothers University
23. Ohlwein, Matthew Christian Brothers University
24. Ostrowski, Michael Wright Medical
25. Pourhashemi, Ali Christian Brothers University
26. Radford, Carlton New-Tech Packaging
27. Ray, Asit Christian Brothers University
28. Sampson, Nathan Christian Brothers University
29. Schmertz, Bill Merck Consumer Care
30. Shiue, Paul Christian Brothers University
31. Siow, Alvin Christian Brothers University
32. Topinka, Matt Merck Consumer Care
33. Tune, Mike Merck Consumer Care
34. Wauford, Rebecca Christian Brothers University
35. Williams, Bryan Lansmont
36. Worthy, Freddie Christian Brothers University
37. Zhou, Joe FedEx
Abstracts
2013 HPC Fall Meeting, November 1, 2013, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
Pre-Shipment Testing Trends – Field Measurements to Validate and
Develop Test Methods
Bryan Williams1
Abstract: Distribution simulation tests are most effective when the laboratory evaluation correlates with the hazards
that will be experienced in the field. One of the best methods for confirming or validating distribution simulation
methods is to collect real world data and compare those actual dynamic levels against the test specifications. For
certain distribution scenarios, it is possible that some handling and vehicle dynamics are not necessarily simulated
with conventional distribution test methods. Real world data recorded during these types of unique dynamics can be
used to develop new equipment and test methods to replicate these conditions in the lab.
Keywords: Pre-shipment Test; Field measurement
Presenter:
Bryan Williams – Mr. Williams has held various positions in sales and marketing at Lansmont Corporation for the
past 13 years and is currently focused on technical marketing and customer training. Bryan is an active participant in
ASTM D10 and a member of the ISTA Education committee. Bryan graduated from Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo with
a Bachelor of Science degree in Environmental Engineering.
1 Lansmont Corporation, 17 Mandeville Court, Monterey, CA 93940, [email protected]
2013 HPC Fall Meeting, November 1, 2013, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
Practical Aspects of Pre-shipment Tests with Healthcare Product
Emphasis
Larry Rutledge1
Abstract: This presentation will review a variety of industry standard tests, such as ISTA test procedures [1], that
area Healthcare Packaging Consortium members/customers typically select for their product or packaging projects.
It will also discuss the drivers for packaged product testing.
Keywords: Packaged product testing; ISTA test procedures; Healthcare product package testing
Reference:
[1] ISTA Resource Book, the International Safe Transit Association, 2013.
Presenter:
Larry Rutledge – Mr. Rutledge is retired from FedEx where he managed the FedEx Packaging Design and
Development department for over 18 years. Larry earned his B.S. in Engineering Technology from Memphis State
University and M.S. in Technical Education from the University of Memphis. Larry has a diverse background in
mechanical systems design, facility planning, industrial engineering, project management, package testing and
design, and logistics solutions. Larry is past Chairman of the IoPP Transport Packaging Committee, Board of
Director for ISTA, and Board of Director for Michigan State University Consortium on Distribution Packaging.
Larry is continuing his Packaging Career as a consultant. He also serves as Manager with CBU's ISTA Certified Lab.
1 CBU ISTA Certified Packaging Lab, Christian Brothers University, 650 East Parkway South, Memphis, TN
38104, [email protected]
2013 HPC Fall Meeting, November 1, 2013, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
ISTA Lab and Professional Certifications
Siripong Malasri1
Abstract: This presentation will review requirements for ISTA certified labs and professional certifications. An
ISTA lab certification application includes an equipment verification form, a technician qualification form, and video
clips. A recertification is required every two years. ISTA certifies packaging lab professionals for three different
levels, i.e., technician, technologist, and professional. Exam topics for the professional certifications will be
discussed.
Keywords: International Safe Transit Association; Certified Packaging Labs; Certified Packaging Professionals
Presenter:
Siripong Malasri – Dr. Malasri is Professor of Civil Engineering at Christian Brothers University, where he also
serves as the Packaging Department Chair and Healthcare Packaging Consortium Director. He is a registered
professional engineer in the State of Tennessee and is an ISTA certified packaging laboratory technologist.
Recently, he has been named by Cloud Publications as Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Advanced
Packaging Technology. Dr. Malasri is a member of NSPE, IoPP, and TAPPI.
1 Healthcare Packaging Consortium, Christian Brothers University, 650 East Parkway South, Memphis, TN 38104,
2013 HPC Fall Meeting, November 1, 2013, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
Consortium History & Progress
Siripong Malasri1
Abstract: This presentation will provide a brief history of the Healthcare Packaging Consortium. It has also
provided an excellent opportunity for undergraduate research for engineering students at Christian Brothers
University. The consortium reputation has elevated from local to international level as it has adopt the International
Journal of Advanced Packaging Technology as its official journal. In addition its supporting certified lab facility
continues to grow.
Keywords: Healthcare Packaging Consortium; Undergraduate Research; Packaging Lab; Packaging Journal
Presenter:
Siripong Malasri – Dr. Malasri is Professor of Civil Engineering at Christian Brothers University, where he also
serves as the Packaging Department Chair and Healthcare Packaging Consortium Director. He is a registered
professional engineer in the State of Tennessee and is an ISTA certified packaging laboratory technologist.
Recently, he has been named by Cloud Publications as Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Advanced
Packaging Technology. Dr. Malasri is a member of NSPE, IoPP, and TAPPI.
1 Healthcare Packaging Consortium, Christian Brothers University, 650 East Parkway South, Memphis, TN 38104,
2013 HPC Fall Meeting, November 1, 2013, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
iPhone App from Tote Study
Chad Baker1
Abstract: An iPhone application has been in development based on a recent plastic tote study [1]. The app starts by
showing the setup of a shock recorder. The user enters a peak impact acceleration obtained from a shock recorder
during a distribution route. The app outputs an estimated drop height and predicts the impact acceleration
experienced at the bottom of a plastic tote based on equations generated from the graphs shown below. The app will
be available soon for free as a way to promote the Healthcare Packaging Consortium. This presentation will cover
the process of an iPhone app development, which is strictly controlled by Apple.
y = 0.5243x – 3.4853
Figure 1. Drop Height Estimation
y = 4.1854x + 146.68
Figure 2. Impact Acceleration at Tote Bottom Prediction
Keywords: Plastic totes; impact acceleration; drop height
References:
[1] S. Malasri, W. Siow, M. Harvey, P. T. Aung, R. Jordan, P. Shiue, and R. Brown, “Estimating Tote Drop Height
& Impact Acceleration from a Transportation Recorder,” IoPP Journal of Packaging, Institute of Packaging
Professionals, January 2013.
Presenter:
Chad Baker – Dr. Baker received a BS in Electrical Engineering from Christian Brothers University in 1967, a MS
in Electrical Engineering from Duke University in 1970, and PhD from Duke University in 1971. After postdoctoral
training at Texas A&M University in 1971 he joined the Electrical Engineering faculty at CBU in 1972. In 1992, he
left teaching full time to work in scheduling and data warehousing at FedEx. He continued to teach part time at CBU
until he retired from FedEx in 2008. He is currently teaching part time at CBU as professor emeritus in the Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Computer Science, and Information Management areas. He has also taught an
Introduction Computer Science course at Rhodes College. He is a Life Member of the IEEE and is a member of
Sigma Xi and Tau Beta Pi.
1 Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, Christian Brothers University, 650 East Parkway South,
Memphis, TN 38104, [email protected]
2013 HPC Fall Meeting, November 1, 2013, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
Pallet Study Progress Report
Siripong Malasri1
Abstract: This presentation will provide a summary of the pallet study at Christian Brothers University as of date.
The aspects that have been studied already are water absorption [1], the effect of water content [2], and the effect of
wet-dry cycles [3]. The aspects that are currently being studied include the effect of temperature, the effect of
cushioning, forklift handling, and the dynamic behaviors of wooden pallets put under shock and vibration.
Keywords: Wooden pallets; temperature; impact; shock; vibration, water absorption
References:
[1] S. Malasri, A. Pourhashemi, P. Aung, M. Harvey, and R. Moats, “Water Absorption of Wooden Pallets,”
International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 9, pp 1 – 10, November 2012.
[2] S. Malasri, J. Aflaki, A. Pourhashemi, R. Moats, M. Harvey, P. Aung, K. Godwin, W. Siow, R. Jordan, J.
Laney, N. Sampson, L. Garcia, and R. Stevens, “Effect of Water Content on Compressive Strength and Impact
Properties of New Softwood Pallets,” International Journal of Advanced Packaging Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1,
pp 1 – 10, January 24, 2013.
[3] S. Malasri, M. Harvey, R. Moats, J. Aflaki, A. Pourhashemi, G. Matos Martinez, and P. Held, “Effect of Wet-
Dry Cycles on Compressive and Impact Properties of New Softwood Pallets,” International Journal of
Advanced Packaging Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp 15 – 21, October 1, 2013.
Presenter:
Siripong Malasri – Dr. Malasri is Professor of Civil Engineering at Christian Brothers University, where he also
serves as the Packaging Department Chair and Healthcare Packaging Consortium Director. He is a registered
professional engineer in the State of Tennessee and is an ISTA certified packaging laboratory technologist.
Recently, he has been named by Cloud Publications as Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Advanced
Packaging Technology. Dr. Malasri is also a member of NSPE, IoPP, and TAPPI.
1 Healthcare Packaging Consortium, Christian Brothers University, 650 East Parkway South, Memphis, TN 38104,
Slides
10/22/2013
1
Pre‐Shipment Testing Trends:Field Measurements to Validate and
Develop Test Methods
Presented by:
Bryan [email protected]
Who We Are…
Founded in 1971, Lansmont provides state of the artengineering services, manufacturing and test andmeasurement products to the world’s leadingtechnology companies, government laboratories andeducational institutions.
• Headquartered in Monterey, California
• Global Sales and Support
• Employee Owned Company (ESOP)
• Service Disabled Veteran Owned Business (SDVOSB)
10/22/2013
2
What We Do…
Lansmont designs and manufactures products used toboth measure real world dynamics and simulate them inlaboratory environments.
Design & Manufacture:
• Controls and Instrumentation
• Shock Test Systems
• Vibration Test Systems
• Compression Test Systems
• Impact Test Systems
• Drop Test Systems
• Field Instruments
What We Do…
Lansmont designs and manufactures products used toboth measure real world dynamics and simulate themin laboratory environments.
Services & Support:
• Engineering & Design Services
• Data Analysis Services
• Equipment Operator Certification
• Training & Consulting
• Preventative Maintenance
• Calibration
10/22/2013
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What We Do…
We help our customers: • Prevent Damage
• Improve Quality
• Reduce Costs
• Meet Regulations
ENVIRONMENT
PKG
PRODH
azard Intensity P
RODUCT
PKG
PROD
PKG
PROD
PROD
PKG
Shipping Environment
10/22/2013
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Shipping Environment
Dynamic and environmental conditions that occur during shipping and handling are potentially harmful to your products:
• Shock
• Vibration
• Compression
• Temperature
• Relative Humidity
• Atmospheric Pressure
The three categories of laboratory tests for Package Performance Testing are:
INTEGRITY TESTS
GENERAL SIMULATIONS
FOCUSED SIMULATIONS
Package Testing
10/22/2013
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Package Testing
GENERAL SIMULATIONS:
The most commonly used General Simulation Test procedures are governed by International Standards Organizations.
American Society for Testing and Materials International
International Safe Transit Association
Package Testing
GENERAL SIMULATIONS:
• Simulate identifiable dynamic hazards (individually or in combination).
• Hazards are tested in a sequence that matches real world conditions.
• Test procedures are specific to the packaging type and/or the transportation mode.
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Package Testing
FOCUSED SIMULATIONS
Rather than using generalspecifications that may not replicateyour specific environment, use actualdata taken in the FIELD and simulatethose conditions in the LAB.
Focused Simulation
FOCUSED SIMULATIONS:
Simulating environmental and dynamic conditions atthe same time for more realistic testing scenarios.
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Test Method Validation
FIELD MEASUREMENTS:
• Which general simulation is most appropriate?
• Field measurements take guesswork out of test selection process.
• When general simulation is not appropriate, field data can supplement or replace specification‐provided data.
What’s my Environment?
Measurement and continuous monitoring of yourdistribution and handling environment is the onlyway to confidently understand what your productand packaging system must endure.
Field Measurements
10/22/2013
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Field Data Recorders are designed to evaluate shipping conditions:
• self‐powered
• low power consumption
• on‐board memory / data processing
• durable, weather resistant
• small footprint
• lightweight
Field Measurements
Field Data Recorders measure:
• Shock / impact
• Drop heights (calculated!)
• Vibration
• Temperature
• Relative Humidity
• Atmospheric Pressure
Field Measurements
10/22/2013
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Measurements – vehicles
Attaching data recorders directly to thetransport vehicle allows you to recordthe dynamic conditions generated bythat vehicle’s movements duringshipment.
Field Measurements
Measurements – packaging
To understand how your packagingresponds to dynamic conditions duringshipment, attach data recorders directlyto your packaging. Use decoys to recordthe dynamic response of an individualbox.
Field Measurements
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PACKAGING DECOYS:
• Measurements taken directly from vehicles are not always feasible.
• In‐package measurements determine input dynamics to product.
• Decoy is mounting platform for the data recorder.
• Designs need to be rigid.
Field Measurements
Field Measurements
PRODUCT DECOYS:
• Products decoys are used in various industries.
• Polycarbonate polymers can be machined into precise replicas.
• On‐board electronics record shock measurements.
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Field Measurements
MEASUREMENT CONSIDERATIONS:
SHIPPING LANES
• Manufacturing Distribution
• Distribution “Customer”
• Unitized loads
• Small parcel
• Vehicle types / # of “handlings”
Field Measurements
MEASUREMENT CONSIDERATIONS:
SHIPPING LANES
• Geographic regions
• Worst case (highest damage)
• Longest routes
• Shipment frequency / volume
10/22/2013
12
Field Measurements
MEASUREMENT CONSIDERATIONS:
DATA COLLECTION MATRIX
• Actual shipments or “simulated” destinations
• Packaging configurations
• “Reverse shipments”
• Measurement blocks
• Multi‐recorder shipments
Field Measurements
MEASUREMENT CONSIDERATIONS:
DATA COLLECTION MATRIX
• Overall environment evaluation
• Specific conditions
• Single file analysis
• Multi‐file analysis
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DATA ANALYSIS:
VIBRATION
• PSD profiles
• X, Y, Z directions
• Travel time
• Summary average (50%)
• Profile comparison (real time vs. accelerated)
Field Measurements
DATA ANALYSIS:
SHOCK
• Acceleration amplitudes
• Velocity change values
• X, Y, Z directions
Faces, edges, corners
• EFFDH range
Field Measurements
10/22/2013
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Truck data vs. ISTA 3A profiles
Test Method Validation
VIBRATION PROFILE COMPARISON:
Test Method Development
SIMULATING HANDLING:
• ASTM / ISTA predominantly simulate “handling” dynamics through impact tests.
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15
SIMULATING HANDLING:
• ASTM / ISTA predominantly simulate “handling” dynamics through impact tests.
Test Method Development
SIMULATING HANDLING:
• Vibration simulations relate to transport vehicles, not handling equipment.
ASTM D4169 Truck Profiles
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0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
1 10 100 1000
Frequency (Hz)
PS
D
ASTM D4169 Rail Profiles
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
1 10 100 1000
Frequency (Hz)
PS
D
ASTM D4169 Air Profiles
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
1 10 100 1000
Frequency (Hz)
PS
D
Test Method Development
10/22/2013
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SIMULATING HANDLING:
• Fork truck handling courses (per ASTM 6055) are utilized for some testing simulations.
Test Method Development
SIMULATING HANDLING:
• Field Data Recorders measure both impact and vibration conditions that occur during transport.
• Take measurements from handling equipment to develop data files that replicate handling dynamics.
Test Method Development
10/22/2013
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SIMULATING HANDLING:
• New equipment design developed to simulate handling dynamics.
Vibration System + Lift Attachment = Handling Simulator
Test Method Development
SIMULATING HANDLING:
Test Method Development
10/22/2013
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Conclusions
• Field measurements are needed to quantify the dynamic characteristics of the shipping and handling environment.
• Real world data can be used to select appropriate general simulation tests or facilitate development of focused simulations methods.
• Using new equipment designs, it is possible to simulate specific handling dynamics based on field data.
11/8/2013
1
Practical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of Pre--------shipment Tests shipment Tests shipment Tests shipment Tests shipment Tests shipment Tests shipment Tests shipment Tests
with Healthcare Product Emphasis with Healthcare Product Emphasis with Healthcare Product Emphasis with Healthcare Product Emphasis with Healthcare Product Emphasis with Healthcare Product Emphasis with Healthcare Product Emphasis with Healthcare Product Emphasis
PPT by WIK/LFR Revised October 2013
Introduction toIntroduction to
ISTA TestsISTA Tests
Package Testing is your recipe for success.
Selecting the right ingredients guarantees desired results.
11/8/2013
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• A non-profit technical trade association,
focused entirely on issues related to
transport packaging and distribution for
over 60 years
• 775 member companies in 32 countries
• “Helping members control costs,
damage and resources during the
distribution of packaged-products”
ISTA TestsISTA TestsIntroduction toIntroduction to
ISTA’s MISSION
• Provide economic and environmental benefits by
controlling product damage and over-packaging
during the physical distribution of products
• By creating, advocating, and providing
� Performance testing procedures
� Certification: labs, packages, people
� Education and training
� Member support
11/8/2013
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ISTA MEMBERS
Product ShippersEnter goods into distribution
(Brand Owners)
Package Testing LabsIndependent laboratories, testing in
accordance with ISTA standards
SuppliersSupply materials, products, or
services relating to distribution of
goodsEducational & Research
InstitutionsUniversities, colleges, schools,
packaging institutes, research
organizations
RetailersReceive goods for resale
CarriersTransportation and physical
distribution of goods
• The foundation of what ISTA does is
the creation and publishing of
Preshipment Testing Procedures
ISTA TEST PROCEDURES
• There are currently 29
Testing Procedures
covering different
applications, package
types, distribution
modes, and products
11/8/2013
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PERFORMANCE TESTSPERFORMANCE TESTSfor Packagedfor Packaged--ProductsProducts
• ISTA tests are organized into Series,based on cost/complexity and effectiveness
� Major categories are• Non-Simulation Integrity
• General Simulation
• Focused Simulation
� Combination categories• Partial Simulation
• Enhanced Simulation
� Member Performance Tests
� Package Development Tests
• Simplest, lowest cost
• In most basic form, require only
� Drop tests
� Repetitive shock “vibration”
tests
NONNON--SIMULATION INTEGRITY TESTSSIMULATION INTEGRITY TESTSISTAISTA 11--SeriesSeries
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• Effectiveness of Non-Simulation Tests
� ISTA estimates these tests have been
conducted over 500,000 times
� 60 year history of helping to prevent
damage in shipment
� But not simulations of the distribution
environment: “Not designed to simulate
environmental occurrences”[ISTA “Guidelines”][ISTA “Guidelines”]
NONNON--SIMULATION INTEGRITY TESTSSIMULATION INTEGRITY TESTSISTA ISTA 11--SeriesSeries
NONNON--SIMULATION INTEGRITY TESTSSIMULATION INTEGRITY TESTS
ISTA ISTA 1A, 1G1A, 1G
♦ Packaged products
• weighing 150 lb (68 kg) or less
♦ Basic Requirements:
• Fixed (1A) or random displacement (1G)
vibration
• Shock testing
• (Note: Compression not required)
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• Generalized test protocols which are
more complete
� Tailors tests to different transport modes
and situations
� Covers all typical damage-producing hazards
(shock, vibration, compression, atmospheric)
� Specifies the hazards in realistic sequence
� Generally simulates real-world intensities and
conditions
GENERAL SIMULATIONGENERAL SIMULATIONISTA ISTA 33--SeriesSeries
• Requires greater range and sophistication
of equipment, more test time
GENERAL SIMULATIONGENERAL SIMULATIONISTA ISTA 33--SeriesSeries
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• Effectiveness of General Simulation
� 20+ year history of helping to control both
packaging costs and transport damage
� Can be effective in “subtle” situations –
hidden damage, marginal designs,
product fragility issues, etc.
� Can be used to assess possible over-
packaging
GENERAL SIMULATIONGENERAL SIMULATIONISTA ISTA 33--SeriesSeries
GENERAL SIMULATIONGENERAL SIMULATION
ISTA ISTA 3A3A
♦ Packaged products for parcel delivery system
shipments weighing 150 lb (68 kg) or less
♦ Basic Requirements:
• Atmospheric conditioning
• Shock Testing
• Random displacement vibration
• Shock Testing (rotational edge, full rotational flat, and
hazard impact)
11/8/2013
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GENERAL SIMULATIONGENERAL SIMULATION
ISTA ISTA 3H3H
♦ Unitized loads of same product
♦ Basic Requirements:
• Atmospheric conditioning
• Shock Testing (horizontal impact)
• Shock testing (rotational flat, rotational edge)
• Random displacement vibration
• Shock Testing (horizontal impact)
• Shock testing (rotational flat, rotational edge)
• More powerful, and more demanding
approach
� No test protocols as such, only guides for
defining and configuring a test series
� Hazards, sequence, intensities,
conditions determined by field
observation and measurement
� Made practical by today’s portable
field data recorders
FOCUSED SIMULATIONFOCUSED SIMULATIONISTA ISTA 55--SeriesSeries
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• Test equipment requirements much like General Simulation tests, but test parameters developed from measurements/observations
FOCUSED SIMULATIONFOCUSED SIMULATIONISTA ISTA 55--SeriesSeries
• Effectiveness of Focused Simulation
� Has the possibility of “near-perfect” correlation
to the specific transportation / distribution
environments
� Appropriate for use with high-value products,
in high-liability situations, or when a more
thorough approach is desired and justified
� Potentially the best tool for reducing damage
and environmental impacts, controlling costs
FOCUSED SIMULATIONFOCUSED SIMULATIONISTA ISTA 55--SeriesSeries
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• Partial Simulation, ISTA 2-Series
� Non-Simulation tests, plus one or more
General Simulation elements
• Enhanced Simulation, ISTA 4-Series
� General Simulation tests, plus one or more
Focused Simulation elements
COMBINATION TESTSCOMBINATION TESTSISTA ISTA 22--SeriesSeries, ISTA , ISTA 44--SeriesSeries
COMBINATION TESTSCOMBINATION TESTS
ISTA ISTA 22--SeriesSeries, ISTA , ISTA 44--SeriesSeries
♦ Packaged products
• weighing 150 lb (68 kg) or less
♦ Basic Requirements:
• Atmospheric conditioning
• Compression Testing
• Fixed or random displacement vibration
• Shock Testing
11/8/2013
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• A web-based test plan generator
� Define the product and package
� Define the Distribution Sequence
� Supply details regarding handling,
transportation, and storage
� A complete Test Plan is then generated
• For more information…http://www.ista.org/pages/procedures/4AB.php
ENHANCED SIMULATIONENHANCED SIMULATIONISTA Project ISTA Project 4AB4AB
UserUser--defined Distributiondefined Distribution
Sequence for the Sequence for the
packagedpackaged--productproduct
With detailed descriptions of With detailed descriptions of
each Distribution Element each Distribution Element ––
Handling, Transportation, Handling, Transportation,
and Storageand Storage
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Resulting in a Detailed Test PlanResulting in a Detailed Test Plan
All shock/drop/impact detailsAll shock/drop/impact details
Vibration spectra, times, orientationsVibration spectra, times, orientations
Compression forces and timesCompression forces and times
• Test protocols created by ISTA members
� To meet particular purposes and applications
� Generally modifications of published tests
� ISTA reviews, advises, and accepts
� Primary responsibility is with originating
member. Example: FedEx Test Procedures
MEMBER PERFORMANCE TESTSMEMBER PERFORMANCE TESTSISTA ISTA 66--SeriesSeries
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• Not tests of packaged-products
• Tests of the packages only
• Used to compare different designs
• Not intended to evaluate protective
performance
PACKAGE DEVELOPMENT TESTSPACKAGE DEVELOPMENT TESTSISTA ISTA 77--SeriesSeries
• ISTA is currently the only international packaging organization which certifies
� Laboratories
� Packages
� People
• Provides the credibility of a third-party, professional packaging organization
� The equipment is suitable and in good working order
� The people are skilled and knowledgeable
� The packages have been tested properly
ISTA CERTIFICATIONISTA CERTIFICATION
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TESTING LABORATORY TESTING LABORATORY
CERTIFICATIONCERTIFICATION
There are over 340 ISTAThere are over 340 ISTA--Certified labs, in 23 countriesCertified labs, in 23 countries
• Third-party or in-house labs(shipper, carrier, supplier)
• Only ISTA-member labs may be certified
• Requires equipment appropriate for theconduct of ISTA tests
� Depending upon equipment, labs may be certified for only certain ISTA procedures
• Requires tangible demonstration that the equipment is in proper working order
TESTING LABORATORY TESTING LABORATORY
CERTIFICATIONCERTIFICATION
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• Supplied information and lab video are
carefully reviewed
• Certification letter and official certificate
sent to lab
• All certified labs are listed in ISTA
Resource Book and on the ISTA web site
TESTING LABORATORY TESTING LABORATORY
CERTIFICATIONCERTIFICATION
CBU TESTING LABORATORYCBU TESTING LABORATORY
Healthcare ProductsHealthcare Products
♦♦ Medical DevicesMedical Devices
♦♦ Consumer care Consumer care
productsproducts
♦♦ Medical SuppliesMedical Supplies
♦♦ Home Medical Home Medical
ProductsProducts
♦♦ DiagnosticsDiagnostics
♦♦ Prescription ProductsPrescription Products
♦♦ PharmaceuticalsPharmaceuticals
♦♦ Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment
♦♦ Nutritional/DietaryNutritional/Dietary
♦♦ Personal HygienePersonal Hygiene
♦♦ Imaging EquipmentImaging Equipment
♦♦ Electronic MonitorsElectronic Monitors
11/8/2013
16
CBU TESTING LABORATORYCBU TESTING LABORATORY
Healthcare ProductsHealthcare Products
♦ Top 5 Reasons for performing Package Testing?
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Customer Satisfaction
Mandatory company/department …
Regulatory requirement
Packaging innovation development
Industry "Best" Practices
Business SOP
Proven Performance Benefits
Sustainability Initiative
Supplier validation
Brand protection
Cost Reduction
Other
CBU TESTING LABORATORYCBU TESTING LABORATORY
ISTA Test Type SummaryISTA Test Type Summary
Distribution
Type
Package Type
Individual PackagesUnitized Bulk Re-useable
150 lbs or less Over 150 lbs.
Any 1A 1C 1G
2A 2C
1B 1D 1H
2B 2C1E 3E 3H 3J 1F 3J
Parcel Delivery2C 3A
3G 5B2C
Small, Bagged 3D
DC to Retail 3F
Specialized
Carrier
2G
FedEx 6A
11/8/2013
17
CBU TESTING LABORATORYCBU TESTING LABORATORY
CBU Customer Test Requests CBU Customer Test Requests
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1C 3A 2C/FedEx 2C 1C/2A Other 1A 2B
Total Tests
Total Pkgs
CBU TESTING LABORATORYCBU TESTING LABORATORY
CBU Customer Test Results CBU Customer Test Results
CBU Test - Pass/Fail
Test Type Pass Fail
FedEx (ISTA 6) 82% 18%
ISTA 1C 62% 38%
ISTA 3A 36% 64%
11/8/2013
18
CBU TESTING LABORATORYCBU TESTING LABORATORY
Healthcare Product EmphasisHealthcare Product EmphasisComparison: 1C vs 3A
For packages less than 70 lbs.
HazardHazardHazardHazard 1C1C1C1C 3A3A3A3A
Drop Height 30 inches18 inches with one drop at 36"
and last drop at 18" on a hazard
Number of Drops 10 drops18 drops at 18"
and 2 drops at 36"
Vibration 3 orientations
3 orientations with dead load on
top if package calculated load
factor exceed 25 lbs
CompressionLoad applied
& released
incorporated with vibration
test.
CBU TESTING LABORATORYCBU TESTING LABORATORY
Healthcare Product EmphasisHealthcare Product Emphasis
♦ ISTA 3A – Vibration + Compression
11/8/2013
19
CBU TESTING LABORATORYCBU TESTING LABORATORY
Failure ExamplesFailure Examples
CBU TESTING LABORATORYCBU TESTING LABORATORY
ASTM and Other TestsASTM and Other Tests
♦ ASTM D-4169
♦ Standard practice for performance testing
of shipping containers and systems
♦ Basic Requirements:• Shock Testing
• Compression Testing
• Fixed or random displacement vibration
• Shock Testing
11/8/2013
20
CBU TESTING LABORATORYCBU TESTING LABORATORY
ASTM and Other TestsASTM and Other Tests
♦ Medical Packaging Testing
• The ISO 11607-01 standard is a
guidance document for validating
packaging for terminally sterilized
medical devices.
• Shelf Life Real-time Aging Test
• ASTM D774 Mullen Burst Test
Practical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of Pre--------shipment Tests shipment Tests shipment Tests shipment Tests shipment Tests shipment Tests shipment Tests shipment Tests
with Healthcare with Healthcare with Healthcare with Healthcare with Healthcare with Healthcare with Healthcare with Healthcare Product EmphasisProduct EmphasisProduct EmphasisProduct EmphasisProduct EmphasisProduct EmphasisProduct EmphasisProduct Emphasis
♦Summary
• Develop a test plan that will provide best
results
• Consider pre-test options when
developing new packaging
• Define Test Expectations
• What is your definition of damages or
failure?
11/8/2013
21
Practical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of PrePractical Aspects of Pre--------shipment Tests shipment Tests shipment Tests shipment Tests shipment Tests shipment Tests shipment Tests shipment Tests
with Healthcare Product Emphasiswith Healthcare Product Emphasiswith Healthcare Product Emphasiswith Healthcare Product Emphasiswith Healthcare Product Emphasiswith Healthcare Product Emphasiswith Healthcare Product Emphasiswith Healthcare Product Emphasis
www.ista.orgwww.ista.orgwww.cbu.edu/packaging/overview.html
QUESTIONS? COMMENTS?
CBU TESTING LABORATORYCBU TESTING LABORATORY
Future Development IdeaFuture Development Idea
♦ Handling Force Test Measurement Device
THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE.
10/30/2013
1
ISTA Certifications
Siripong Malasri
2013 HPC Fall Meeting
November 1, 2013
International Safe Transit Association
Three types of certifications:• Packages• Labs• People www.ista.org
10/30/2013
2
ISTA Membership
• Membership without a lab ‐ $600/year• Membership with a lab ‐ $800/year for 1‐series; and/or 2D and 2E only; or 7D only… $850
for 1‐ and 2‐series (any combination)… $900/year for 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 4‐, 6‐Series (any combination)
• Associate ‐ $100/year• Individual ‐ $150/year (Retired or self employed or will not certifying a lab and will not be
using ISTA Certification Mark)
• Student ‐ $10/year for member university… $30 for non‐member university
Package Certification
• For Shipper members• ISTA Transit Tested Certification Mark shows that a
package has passed ISTA pre‐shipment lab testing performed by an ISTA certified lab and reviewed by ISTA.
10/30/2013
3
10/30/2013
4
Lab Certification
• ISTA Certified Testing Lab• Certified by test procedures• Recertification every two years
• ISTA Certified Thermal Transport Lab
10/30/2013
5
Equipment Verification Form
• One form for each equipment• Fixed Displacement Vibration; Vertical Linear/Random
Vibration; Inclined Impact Tester; Horizontal Impact Sled; Free Fall Drop Tester; Shock Test System; Compression Tester; Environmental Condition Chamber
• No need to have all pieces. Only certified for procedures with available equipment
• Important! Calibration/maintenance records
10/30/2013
6
Lab Technician Form
• Having a CPLP is a plus but not a requirement.
10/30/2013
7
CPLP Requirements
Certified Packaging Lab Professionals• Level I – Technician
• Minimum of 6 months employment in packaging industry• Only for ISTA members• Passing two‐hour exam• Recertification every three years
• Level II – Technologist• Minimum of 1 year employment in packaging industry• Technician certification• Passing two‐hour exam• Recertification every three years
• Level III – Professional• Based on a resume of industry participation and
achievements• Technician and technologist certifications• Minimum of 3 years employment in the packaging industry• Lifetime certification – No recertification
CPLP Contents
Technician Level
• Basic laboratory operations• Procedures & protocols• Conduct of the essential ISTA shock/drop/impact, vibration,
compression, and atmospheric tests
Technologist Level
• Advanced procedures & protocols including those from other organizations
• Random vibration• Dynamic material testing• Instrumentation• Enhanced simulation (ISTA 4AB)
10/30/2013
8
Professional Level
Category Scoring Max
1. Number of years engaged in activities related to transport packaging
5‐10 points for each full year (no credit for partial years), highest points for responsible activities most directly related to packaging laboratories and testing.
100
2. College or university degrees
5‐30 points for undergraduate degree, 10‐30 additional points for advanced degree, 10‐40 additional points for doctorate. Highest points for packaging degrees.
100
3. Other formal education related to transport packaging or associated subjects
3‐10 points for each successfully‐completed semester‐ or term‐length course. Highest points for packaging courses.
40
Category Scoring Max
4. Attendance at transport‐packaging‐related short courses or seminars, or at major transport‐packaging‐related educational events or conferences
3 points for each successfully‐completed seminar or course relating to transport packaging
45
5. Attendance at major packaging shows or exhibitions (Pack Expo, Westpack/Eastpack/Southpack/Midpack, Interpack, Tokyo Pack, etc.).
1‐3 points for each event attended. Highest points for high levels of responsibility regarding attendance, exhibiting, results, etc.
20
6. Presentations at packaging‐related meetings or conferences. Can range from short presentations at local technical society meetings or similar to major presentations at national or international conferences
2‐10 points for each, depending on presentation. Highest points for transport‐packaging presentations at national or international conferences with large audiences.
60
10/30/2013
9
Category60 Scoring Max
7. Publication of papers, articles, etc. related to transport packaging
2‐10 points for each, depending on publication. Highest points for sole authorship of major articles in major publications.
60
8. Membership in packaging professional organizations or technical societies
1‐20 points per year, depending on participation and responsibility. Highest points forhigh offices in national or international organizations.
60
9. Packaging‐related honors, awards, certifications, competitions entered/won, patents, etc
3‐15 points for each, depending on commendation. Highest points for national or international recognition.
60
Category60 Scoring Max
10. Teaching or lecturing at Packaging‐related classes or seminars
3‐30 points for each, depending on class/seminar. Highest points for sole responsibility for major courses and large classes.
100
11. Other activities and accomplishments related to transport packaging not otherwise covered above, or other factors for consideration (i.e. expert witness, media appearance regarding packaging, public newspaper articles on packaging, education not covered above, advisory boards, etc.).
Additional points awarded at the discretion of ISTA's Certification Committee
50
A minimum score of 320 is required for CPLP Professional certification.320 of 695 = 46%
695
10/30/2013
10
61 pages
1. ISTA Test Procedures and Protocols –An Overview
2. Test Laboratory Operations3. Drop and Shock Testing4. Vibration Testing5. Compression Testing6. Atmospheric Conditioning and Testing
Test Standard Organizations
• International Safe Transit Association
• ASTM International
• International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
• Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods) regulation organizations
• The National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA)
• United States Government
• Other National and International Organizations
10/30/2013
11
Distribution Hazards
• Handling Drop and Impact
– Shock test
• Drop, inclined impact, horizontal impact, vertical impact
• Transportation Vibration
– Vibration test
• Fixed displacement, variable displacement, random
• Stacking Load
– Compression test
• Static load, machine (apply/release, apply/hold), dynamic load under vibration
• Atmospheric Condition
– Atmospheric test
• Temperature, humidity, pressure
ISTA Procedures & Projects
• A procedure is a test that has been implemented and fine‐tuned over the years.
• A project is a new test in its first years of implementation. It is closely monitored and subject to change. A project may turn into a procedure in the future after a minimum of one year trial period.
• Sections in a procedure or projectOverview, Equipment Required, Before you Begin Testing, Test Sequence, and Test Report
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12
Test Categories/Types
Non‐Simulating Integrity Tests• Best for finding potential problems
General Simulation Tests• Handle diverse environments in complex logistic mixes
Focused Simulation Tests• Powerful in fine tuning overall costs and tradeoffs
18 pages
10/30/2013
13
10/30/2013
14
Equipment Maintenance and Calibration
• Follow equipment manufacturer recommendations or company policy/practice.
• ISTA also gives the following recommendations which are similar to CBU Packaging Lab Equipment Practice.
10/30/2013
15
Sample of ISTA Test Report Form
10/30/2013
16
10/30/2013
17
• Given: Drop height = 18 inches or 1.5 feet
• Impact Velocity
ghVi 2
ft/sec 8.9)5.1)(2.32)(2(
in/sec 9.117)18)(1.386)(2(
i
i
V
V
10/30/2013
18
• Free‐fall drop machines are usually used to test small to medium size packages. They are designed to release the package cleanly for accurate control of drop orientation and repeatability.
• Could also use slings around the package and use quick release hooks.
• Free fall and rigid surface are important.
• Simple “hand” drops (hold and release) are generally not acceptable.
Free Fall Drop
Quick Release Hook
Horizontal Impact
Incline Impact
Shock Machine
10/30/2013
19
10/30/2013
20
www.cbu.edu/packaging
• Frequency is commonly expressed in cycles/minute or cycles/second
• Hertz (Hz) = Number of cycles per second
t
x
A
B
A
C
A
Period
PeriodFrequency
1
• Period = second/cycle
• Thus, Frequency = cycles/second
• If Period = 0.1 sec
• Then Frequency = 1/0.1 = 10 cycles/sec = 10 Hz
t
aPeriod
Period
Peak Acceleration
Zero-PeakAmplitude
t
xPeriod
Period
Peak-PeakAmplitude
10/30/2013
21
• Given a mass‐spring system, then give the mass some displacement and let the mass oscillates. The mass will vibrate at its natural frequency.
• The amplitude may vary depending on the displacement given. But the period of natural period remains the same.
t
x
Period
• In a forced vibration, the system is moved with the support movement at any set frequency.
• If the set frequency matches with its natural frequency, resonance occurs, where the system over responds and amplifies the motion of the support.
• Resonance is the principal cause of vibration related damage in transport.
• Vibration in transportation is a mixture of frequencies and amplitudes called random vibration.
• Typical frequencies are in the range from 3 – 100 Hz, but could go as low as 1 Hz and as high as 500 Hz.
• Resonance can come from suspension, tire, etc.
PSD = Power Spectral Density
10/30/2013
22
FedEx
10/30/2013
23
Corrugated boxes
10/30/2013
24
Simplified McKee Formula
• Estimate corrugated box compressive strength
• BCT (KN, lb) – Box Compressive Strength
• ECT (KN/m, lb/in) – Edge Crush Test Value
• P (m, in) = Inside Box Perimeter
• Z (m, in) = Board Thickness
ZPECTBCT 87.5
Example: How high can a corrugated box be safely stacked in a warehouse if it must carry entire load? Given: Box with products gross weight = 32 lb, inside dimensions = 18”x12”x10” (H=10”) , board “C” flute, 200 psi burst, 40 lb/in ECT, and board thickness = 0.160”. Use safety factor = 4.5.
P = 18+12+18+12=60 in, Z = 0.16 in, ECT = 40 lb/in
BCT = 5.87x40x(60x0.16)^0.5 = 727.5 lb
Safe Load = BCT/F.S. = 727.5/4.5 = 161.7 lb
Boxes above the bottom box = 161.7/32 = 5.05 boxes. Use 5 boxes above the bottom box.
Stack height = 5 + 1 = 6 boxes (or 10”X6 = 60 inches)
ZPECTBCT 87.5
10/30/2013
25
Compression Tables
Atmospheric Pressure at Sea Level
• Barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure
• At sea level, the height of a column of mercury from standard atmospheric pressure = 29.92 inches (760 mm)
10/30/2013
26
Altitude (feet above sea level)
Altitude (meters above sea level)Pressure (mm Hg)
Pressure (psi –absolute)
Wet & Dry Bulb Temperatures (WBT & DBT)
• WBT is measured using a thermometer that has its bulb wrapped in a wet wick.
• DBT is measured with a thermometer without the wick.
• Wet Bulb Depression = DBT –WBT. It is directly related to the amount of moisture in the air. It is zero when the atmosphere is saturated.
10/30/2013
27
Hygrometer or Psychrometer
• A psychrometer is simply two identical thermometers, one with wet wick and the other without. Passing air over the bulbs is needed to produce cooling effect on the web bulb.
• A sling psychrometer (shown) using whirling action to provide air movement.Examples
DBT = 15C, WBT = 14C, DBT – WBT = 1, RH = 90%
DBT = 23C, WBT = 16C, DBT – WBT = 7, RH = 48%
DBT = 15C, WBT = 5C, DBT – WBT = 10, RH = 13%
Note: DBT – WBT = 0 Saturated
Psychrometric Chart
WBT = 20C & DBT = 23C RH = 70%RH = 50% & DBT = 27C WBT = 20C
10/30/2013
28
Environmental Chambers
• They allow temperature/moisture/pressure controls.
Humidity/Temp Chamber
Walk‐in Humidity/Temp/Altitude Chamber
Altitude Chamber
10/29/2013
1
Consortium History & Progress
Siripong Malasri
2013 HPC Fall Meeting
November 1, 2013
Consortium History
• Established June 1, 2010• 1st cycle (2010‐11): Evergreen Packaging, FedEx, Medtronic, Merck, Plastic Ingenuity, Smith & Nephew, Wright Medical
• 3rd cycle (2012‐13): Pallet Factory, Olympus, and WS Packaging
• 4th cycle (2013‐14): New‐Tech Packaging
• Adopt International Journal of Advanced Packaging Technology as its official journal in October 2013.
2010‐2011 2011‐2012 2012‐2013 2013‐2014
10/29/2013
2
Research Projects
• Peel Test Analysis• The Impact of 100% Recycled Packaging Content to Performance
• Distribution Tote Testing• Correlation Between Burst Testing & Peel Testing• Performance of Different Pallet Materials and Styles Under Diverse Handling and Environmental Conditions
• Real‐Time Monitoring System for Package Testing• Burst Tester Improvement• Injection‐Molded Plastic Totes
Publications
Calendar Year Journal Articles Conference Papers Total Publications
2010 0 0 0
2011 0 3 3
2012 2 8 10
2013(As of 10/28/13)
5 6 11
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2010 2011 2012 2013
Number of Publications
Calendar Year
Journal
Conference
Total
10/29/2013
3
Student Coauthors
Excellent undergraduate research opportunity!
2010 2011 2012 20131 Lawrence, Anthony Archer, John Aung, Phyo2 Aung, Phyo Garcia, Luis3 Edwards, Evan Godwin, Katie4 Harvey, Mallory Harvey, Mallory5 Moser, Katy Held, Patrick6 Powers, Kalli Jordan, Rhett7 Tsai, Sam Laney, James8 Warren, Matthew Matos, Griselda9 Powers, Kalli10 Sampson, Nathan11 Siow, Alvin12 Stevens, Ryne13 Warren, Matthew
Consortium Official Journal
10/29/2013
4
New Lab Equipment
Elvis TS‐122 Vibration Test System from Lansmont
Payload Capacity = 800 lbs
Purchased from Michigan State Packaging Lab
Gaynes Incline Impact Tester
Donated by FedEx
10/29/2013
5
More than 100.000 lay colleagues, teach over 1.000.000 students in 80 countries.
10/29/2013
6
The Global LasallianPackaging ConsortiumThe Global LasallianPackaging Alliance
IPHONE APP FROM TOTE STUDY
DEVELOPED BY STUDENTS AT CBU TAKING ECE484, MOBILE COMPUTING
IPHONE APP FROM TOTE STUDY
Abstract: An iPhone application has been in development based on a recent plastic tote study [1]. The app starts by showing the setup of a shock recorder. The user enters a peak impact acceleration obtained from a shock recorder during a distribution route. The app outputs an estimated drop height and predicts the impact acceleration experienced at the bottom of a plastic tote based on equations generated from the graphs shown below. The app will be available soon for free as a way to promote the Healthcare Packaging Consortium. This presentation will cover the process of an iPhone app development, which is strictly controlled by Apple. y = 0.5243x – 3.4853 Figure 1. Drop Height Estimation Keywords: Plastic totes; impact acceleration; drop height References: y = 4.1854x + 146.68 Figure 2. Impact Acceleration at Tote Bottom Prediction [1] S.Malasri,W.Siow,M.Harvey,P.T.Aung,R.Jordan,P.Shiue,andR.Brown,“EstimatingToteDropHeight & Impact Acceleration from a Transportation Recorder,” IoPP Journal of Packaging, Institute of Packaging Professionals, January 2013.
THE TOTE
SHOCK RECORDER IN CORRUGATED BOX
BOX WITH FILLER TO PREVENT MOVEMENT OF RECORDER
APP REQUIREMENTS Description of the Healthcare Packaging Consortium Background info App description
Setting
Calculations
References
Disclaimer Development team
HEALTHCARE PACKAGING
CONSORTIUM The Healthcare Packaging Consortium was founded on June 1, 2010, at Christian Brothers University (Memphis, Tennessee, USA) by major corporations. Its mission is to advance the knowledge related to healthcare packaging through education and research. For more information: www.cbu.edu/HPC
BACKGROUND INFO
Healthcare products are often shipped in partially-filled plastic totes from a distribution center to a retail store. Product damages have often occurred during this phase of the distribution process. Monitoring tote handling is an area that would help in preventing product damages. Two useful pieces of information are: (1) when and how high a tote was dropped during the distribution and (2) what the maximum impact acceleration was during the distribution. The first allows the shipper to pin point mishandling locations, thus improvements can be made, such as proper handling training. The second could be useful for cushion/package design.
APP DESCRIPTION The HPC Tote Impact app estimates drop height of a plastic tote based on the impact acceleration obtained from a transportation recorder cushioned by bubble wrap sheets. The app also estimates the impact acceleration at tote bottom when a layer of bubble wrap sheet is used. Drop height and tote bottom impact acceleration are calculated based on equations developed at the Healthcare Packaging Consortium from extensive experiment data.
SETTING Place a transportation recorder in a single-wall corrugated box with eight layers of 5/16” bubble wrap to ensure that impact acceleration will not exceed recorder capacity of typically 100g – 200g.
Cushion the four sides and top off with foams to prevent the recorder to move sideway or bounce up.
Tape the box to the bottom of a dummy tote (no other contents). Ship the box along with other totes to a destination. At the end of the trip, impact data is retrieved from the recorder. Read the peak(s) of impact acceleration from the recorder.
CALCULATIONS Variables:
• AR = Impact acceleration read from a transportation recorder (g) • H = Estimated drop height (in) • AT = Impact acceleration at tote bottom (g)
Input:
• AR
Output
• H = 0.5243*AR – 3.4853 • AT = 4.1854*H + 146.68
REFERENCE S.Malasri,W.Siow,M.Harvey,P.T.Aung,R.Jordan, P.Shiue,andR.Brown,“EstimatingToteDropHeight & Impact Acceleration from a Transportation Recorder,” IoPP Journal of Packaging, Institute of Packaging Professionals, January 2013.
DISCLAIMER The Healthcare Packaging Consortium has done its best to develop equations used and validate the results of this app based on many flat-bottom drops with a drop tester. However, actual drops most likely will not be identical with those performed in lab. In addition, different totes have different properties, thus results will vary. This app only gives estimated results, which could be off significantly in some cases. The Healthcare Packaging Consortium is not responsible for any damages arising from using this app.
DEVELOPMENT TEAM Khai Nguyen, Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Martin Tribo, Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Dr. Chad Baker, Professor of Electrical Engineering & Computer Engineering, Christian Brothers University Dr. Siripong Malasri, Packaging Department Chair & Healthcare Packaging Consortium Coordinator
XCODE
BASIC APP CREATED AUTOMATICALLY
NAVIGATION CONTROLLER WITH TABLE VIEW
CONTROLLER
SETTING UP TABLE VIEW CONTROLLER SCREEN When app loads this function is executed to build initial screen. - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; list = [[NSArray alloc]initWithObjects:@"HPC", @"Background Info", @"About", @"Setting", @"Calculations", @"References", @"Disclaimer", @"Development Team", nil]; self.title = @"Tote Drop"; }
TABLE VIEW IN APP
ADDING SCENES TO THE BASIC APP
CODE BEHIND ADDING SCENES TO THE BASIC APP
- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { //… case 5: [self performSegueWithIdentifier:@"references" sender:self]; break; case 6: [self performSegueWithIdentifier:@"disclaimer" sender:self]; break; case 7: [self performSegueWithIdentifier:@"development" sender:self]; break; }
CALCULATION SCREEN
EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION
CODE BEHIND CALCULATE
DEVELOPER.APPLE.COM
APP DISTRIBUTION
DEVELOPER CENTER (DEVELOPER.APPLE.COM)
10/29/2013
1
Pallet Study
Siripong Malasri
2013 HPC Fall Meeting
November 1, 2013
CBU Wooden Pallet Study
• Water Absorption (Presented at the 2013 HPC Spring Meeting)
• Effect of Water Content (Presented at the 2013 HPC Spring Meeting)
• Mold (Presented at the 2013 HPC Spring Meeting)
• Effect of Temperature (High temperature part presented at the 2013 HPC Spring Meeting)
• Effect of Wet‐Dry Cycles• Effect of Cushion
10/29/2013
2
Effect of Temperature
10/29/2013
3
High Temperature Study
Low Temperature Study
10/29/2013
4
Current Work:
• Analytical Method (Heat Transfer)• Numerical Method (Finite Elements)• Artificial Intelligence Method (Neural Network)
Effect of Wet‐Dry Cycles
Static Compression Test
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Compressive Stress (psi)
Water Content (%)
Static Compression Test
Cycle 1
Cycle 2
Cycle 3
10/29/2013
5
Effect of Wet‐Dry Cycles
Static Compression Test
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Compressive Stress (psi)
Water Content (%)
Static Compression Test
Cycle 1
Cycle 2
Cycle 3
Impact Test
y1 = 0.0014x + 13.165
y2 = 0.0745x + 12.517
y3 = ‐0.0639x + 14.385
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
5 10 15 20 25 30
Average
Impact Acceleration (g)
Water Content (%)
Impact Test
Cycle 1
Cycle 2
Cycle 3
10/29/2013
6
Cushion Study
Vertical Drop Test
Anti Vibration Pad
No Cushion With Cushion
Avg Impact (g) 30.21 34.31
SD = 4.33 6.82
SD % of Avg = 14.35 19.86
% Change = 13.59
Incline Impact Test
No Cushion With Cushion
Avg Impact (g) = 13.85 15.08
SD (g) = 0.57 0.69
SD % of Avg = 4.09 4.59
% Change = 8.89
10/29/2013
7
Shock Recorder
Contact Area
Uneven-Surface Wood
Shock Recorder
Cushion
Contact Area
Uneven-Surface Wood
No Cushion With Cushion
Avg Impact (g)= 36.34 31.12SD (g)= 7.09 7.12SD % of Avg = 19.51 22.89% Change = ‐14.35
Vertical Drop Test
Smooth Aluminum Plate
No Cushion With Cushion
Avg Impact (g)= 13.16 14.76SD (g) = 0.28 0.30SD % of Avg = 2.13 2.06% Change = 12.18
Incline Impact Test
10/29/2013
8
Cushion
Impact Force
Free-Fall Vertical Drop
ClampingForce
Cushion
Impact Force
Incline Impact
ClampingForce
End Reaction
Friction Force
2013 HPC Fall Meeting – November 1, 2013
FEEDBACK
Please leave this feedback form at the check-in table before you leave today’s meeting. Thanks!
Statement Scale
5 – Strongly Agree, 3 – Neutral, 1 – Strongly Disagree
1. The seminars meet my expectation.
5 4 3 2 1
2. The instructors are very knowledgeable about
the subjects presented.
5 4 3 2 1
3. The facility is appropriate.
5 4 3 2 1
4. The day and time for the meeting suit me well.
5 4 3 2 1
5. I would recommend this meeting to others.
5 4 3 2 1
6. Suggestions on how we may improve our future seminars/meetings:
______________________________________________________________________________________
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7. Suggestions on future seminars and possible speakers:
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8. I would like to offer a seminar, please contact me:
Name _____________________________________ Affiliation _________________________________
Email ________________________________________________ Phone _______________________
Seminar Topic ______________________________________________________________________
Official journal of the consortium
Open access – FREE
A great resource for packaging
professionals
International editorial board
http://technical.cloud-journals.com/index.php/IJAPT/index