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Processor and Network Architectures of IoT
Jedidiah Painter
Defining Things
� A device that either senses or interacts with the world while utilizing existing internet infrastructure.
� Term coined in 1999
� First IEEE standard in 2003, many more in 2012-2013
� Projected growth into tens of billions of devices and hundreds of billions in market value by 2020
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IoT Growth
Examples
� Amazon Dash Button
� Phillips Hue
� Nest Smart Thermostat
� Smart Plugs
� Smart ______
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Hardware
� Low Power
� Small Size
� Low Cost
� Network Connectivity
Hardware Architectures
� Advanced RISC Machines (ARM)� Raspberry Pi
� Texas Instruments
� Nordic Semi
� AVR (Atmel)� 8-bit RISC
� Arduinos
� Intel� Atom – x86 based processor/modules
� Quark – 32 bit SoC/MCU
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ARM
� M0� Armv6 architecture
� 3 stage pipeline
� Partial Thumb 1/2 Instruction sets
� M4� Armv7 architecture
� 3 stage pipeline with branch speculation
� 32 bit arithmetic hardware
� Floating Point hardware
� Sleep modes
Network Communication
� Wifi
� Bluetooth
� LTE/Cellular
� LoRa
� ANT
� Zigbee
� ISM
� NFC
� Wired
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Network Architectures
� Peer to Peer (P2P)� Robust
� Non-trivial for changing number of nodes
� Constant network traffic
� Client/Server� Less network traffic
� Only one internet connection required
� More vulnerable to outages
� Hybrid� Small P2P network for data collection, e.g. LoRa
� One or more hubs/gateways for data to periodically be uploaded/downloaded
Sources
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_Cortex-M
https://www.postscapes.com/
http://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com
https://techbeacon.com/4-stages-iot-architecture