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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Hunger is an emotive term
Malnutrition is a medical term
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Malnutrition
Hunger
AcuteChronic
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Malnutrition
Hunger
AcuteChronic
Recovery
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Malnutrition
Hunger
AcuteChronic
RecoveryPersists
Premature death
Permanentdisability
Cognitive &physicaldisability
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Chronicmalnutrition
Hunger: Inadequate food (energy) intakes:
Wasting: Inadequate weight for heightStunting: Inadequate height for age
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Chronicmalnutrition
Hunger: Inadequate food (energy) intakes:
Wasting: Inadequate weight for heightStunting: Inadequate height for age
Hidden Hunger = Inadequate micronutrient intakes:
Iron: Anaemia (40% pre-school kids)Vitamin A: Blindness (250m pre-school kids)Iodine: Goiter (54 countries endemic deficiency)
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Malnutrition – infection cycle
Malnutrition
Impaired immune system
Infection
Increased nutrient requirementsIncreased nutrient losses
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Malnutrition – infection cycle
Malnutrition
Impaired immune system
Infection
Increased nutrient requirementsIncreased nutrient losses
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Global Hunger Index
% of population undernourished +% of children < 5 years low weight +% of childhood mortality <5 years
3
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Global Hunger Index
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
None
Low
ModerateSerious
Alarming
Extremelyalarming
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Repositioning Nutrition as Central to Development
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Repositioning Nutrition as Central to Development
-9 to 24The critical period of
nutrient sensitive growth
BrainMusculo-skeletal systems
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Age % of daily energy consumed by the brain
Adult 23
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Age % of daily energy consumed by the brain
Adult 235-6 years 44
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Age % of daily energy consumed by the brain
Adult 235-6 years 44
4- 5 months 64
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Age % of daily energy consumed by the brain
Adult 235-6 years 44
4- 5 months 64Neonate 74
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Connemara
Foals
Mongolian
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Connemara
Foals
Mongolian
Babies
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
48 divisions in utero
Neonate @ 3.5 kg 2 Years @ 15 kg
2 divisions
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Healthy post natal trajectory
Critical period
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Healthy post natal trajectory
Critical period
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Two intervention supplementary foods
Atole (A gruel high in energy, protein, micronutrients)
Fresco (A drink, low in energy and micronutrients and zero protein)
Three intervention periods
0 - 24 months, 0 - 36 months & 36 - 72 months
Followed up aged 26-42 years of age (mean 32)
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Mean hourly income at mean age 32 years according to period of intervention (Atole versus Fresca)
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Ten global challenges and the top value solutions
Top 4 in value for money
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Ten global challenges and the top value solutions
Top 4 in value for money
Challenge OpportunityDiseases Control of HIV/AIDS
Malnutrition Micronutrient fortification
Subsidies & trade
Liberalising trade
Diseases Control of malaria
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Severe acute malnutrition
Traditional model involved the establishment of therapeutic feeding centres
Disadvantages
Difficult to establish Expensive to operate Limited coverage Undermined normal rural life
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Community Therapeutic Care
Advantages
Widespread access & coverage Uses ready-to-use-foods Community based Prevents escalation of SAM Integrative
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Imagine
John Lennon
3.02 minutes
23 children dead from hunger
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From 6.5 to 9.5 billion by 2050 The water crisis will happen first
Rising economies = rising food pricesA 20% fall in food output is likely
UCD Institute of Food and Health
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Region 2050
Year2,000
No Climate Change
With Climate change
Developed countries
3,450 3,650 3,200
Developing countries
2,700 2,900 2,400
Sub-Sahara Africa
2,300 2,450 1,900
South Asia 2,400 2,650 2,250
Per capita calorie availability in 2050
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Region 2050
Year2,00
0
No Climate Change
With Climate change
Developed countries
3,450 3,650 3,200
Developing countries
2,700 2,900 2,4002,800
Sub-Sahara Africa
2,300 2,450 1,9002,350
South Asia 2,400 2,650 2,2502,550
Per capita calorie availability in 2050
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Region 2050
Year2,000
No Climate Change
With Climate change
With Climate change &
adaptation
Developing countries
148 113 138 119
Sub-Sahara Africa
33 42 52 44
South Asia 76 52 59 54
Malnourished <5 year olds (millions) in 2050
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Developing country agricultural productivity investments needed to
reduce childhood mortality to no climate change levels
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Developing country agricultural productivity investments needed to
reduce childhood mortality to no climate change levels
60% increase in all crop yields 30% rise in animal numbers 40% rise in oilseed output 25% rise in irrigated area 15% fall in reliance on rain-fed growth 15% rise in basin water efficiency
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UCD Institute of Food and Health
Thank you