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New mineral exploration projectsfor new jobs and wealth creation in Greece
Νikolaos SkarpelisDepartment of Geology and Geoenvironment
University of Athens
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ACTIONS (among other):
- Ensuring that all Mineral Raw Materials (MRM) deposits are registered ina documented way and that all relevant data are available on anfunctional geospatial information system that is compatible with theEuropean database of geospatial MRM data.
- Promoting research and innovation on the whole scientific range of thesector (exploration, exploitation, processing, safety, environment,restoration etc.).
- Adapting the courses on geosciences to the modern needs of theextractive industry.a database of the MRM secondary sources.
Feb 2012
One of the most significant axes of the policyTo promote and reveal mineral resources and assign theirexploitation through international tenders in order to maximizethe benefits for the national economy
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Joint Ore Reserve Code An ‘Inferred Mineral Resource’ is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, grade and
mineral content can be estimated with a low level of confidence. It is inferred from geologicalevidence and assumed but not verified geological and/or grade continuity. It is based oninformation gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches,pits, workings and drill holes which may be limited or of uncertain quality and reliability.
It is already becoming clear that many known resources seem unlikely to be
mined, irrespective of metal prices, because of their low grade and/or tonnage
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Mineral reservesof active
mining companies[Bauxite- alumina - Al][Νickel]
[Μagnesite][Pb-Zn-Ag]
Mineral Reservesof mining companies
under permitfor mine development
Α u-Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag
?
► Inferred resources
► Runningprojects
► Possible NewDiscoveries
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The Potential of Critical Metals and Mineralsof Greece ?
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Ga, Ge, In
1. Polymetallic veins: High grade/low tonnage(sphalerite concentrates: average values Ga 356g/tn, In 170g/tn Ge 49g/tn)
2. Kuroko-type: low-grade (some old prospects must be re-evaluated as base
metals resource)
3. Carbonate Replacement Base-metals +Ag+Au massive sulfides and theirGossans: low-grade
Conclusion: At present they are considered as Inferred resource
Re: Skarpelis 1999, 2011
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REEs
a. Lack of alkaline intrusions in the country
- Carbonatite complexes: None- REE absorbed in clays formed upon weathering of carbonatites: None
2. In weathering crusts and in sediments derived after erosion and redeposition ofthe lateritic material.
a. In Ni-lateritesb. In karstic Nickel and karstic bauxite deposits
LOW CONTENTS – ENRICHMENTS ONLY IN THE LOWERMOST PART OF THEDEPOSITS
3. In red mud: Recoveries of REEs after acid-leaching at experimental stage
(Ochsenkhun-Petropoulou et al.1994, Lymperopoulou 1996, Borra et al. 2015).Possible effective extraction of Scandium (pilot studies by
Ochsenkhun-Petropoulou et al. 2002)
4. Data on REE contents in placers and palaeoplacers are not available
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Platinum Group Elements
1. In ophiolitic complexes
Chromite is a major collector of the PGE. Their content in large chromite deposits is
generally low (few hundreds of ppb). However, PGE-enrichments in certainPGElements are a common feature of disseminated chromite and/or relatively smallchromite occurrences.The PGE-enrichment in chromitites of the ophiolite complexes seems to be localand the economic potential is not clear (low-tonnage – low grade)
2. In porphyry deposits Values over 5 ppm in high-grade bornite-chalcopyrite ore. Although relativelyhigh Pd+Pt content in some porphyry-Cu-Au deposits is considered to be anencouraging economic factor, as by-product, the potential for PGE mineralizationin porphyry deposits is still unknown.
Re: Economou-Eliopoulos M. (2010)
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Sb: High grade - Low tonnage (Rhodope, Chios)
Te and Re: In the epithermal to porphyry environment in Rhodope, minor in
Cyclades. Good mineralogical documentation
Fragmented reconnaissance stage geochemical data
Conclusion:
- Epithermal ores and epithermal veins, on the basis of the available data,
would not be an economic source of Te as main or co-product (Skarpelis
2011)
- The geology and reconnaissance geochemical data are considered
favorable enough to warrant a follow up rock geochemicalsurvey in certain porphyry prospects.
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Cu-Au
Cu-Au
Euromax Resource's
Reservoir
Minerals
Reservoir Minerals
Epi Au
Au - Solway SE/EW
FYROM
GREECE
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• Exploration projects - mostly in brownfields - are necessary in order totransform “Inferred Resources” to “Reserves”.
• Current understanding of the geodynamics of the area suggest there is ahigh potential for economic epithermal and porphyry-type mineralization.
• Critical metals are enriched in certain ore bodies allowing possible
recovery as by-products in addition to base-metals and Au.• The role of the Geological Survey (IGME) is critical. A small group of
highly-skilled explorationists will be successful in new discoveries only ifthey are able to integrate good geological field work with the mostmodern techniques in geochemistry or geophysics.