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COCONUT SHELL AGGREGATE CONCRETE
GCE Kannur
MAIN PROJECT
PROJECT ID: 2K6CEPJT01
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Guided ByDr. B. RAJEEVAN
Associate ProfessorGovernment College of Engineering Kannur
GCE Kannur
AJEESHA V I APARNA P
ARUN RAJ K SAHANA M P
SHAHSOORA K SHAMJITH K M
MEMBERS:
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OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
MINI PROJECT OVERVIEW
TEST CONDITIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
TEST RESULTS
ANALYSIS
CONCLUSION
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4GCE Kannur
25.48
29.84
21
3.9819.7
Philippines
Indonesia
India
Srilanka
Others
Coconut Production in the World- Country wise (Values in percentage)
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
INTRODUCTION - WORLD
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5GCE Kannur
45%
28%
12%
6%8%
KER TN
KAR AP
Others
Coconut Production in INDIA - State wise (Values in Percentage)
Source: Coconut Development Board, Kerala
INTRODUCTION - INDIA
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• Solid waste management issues;
• Utilization of Coconut Shell (CS) in cost effective
construction;
• Sustainable development – preservation & economy;
• Light weight structures;
GCE Kannur
INTRODUCTION
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GCE Kannur 7
Cement OPC 53 grade
River sand
Coconut shell aggregate 8mm to 16mm size
(From local homes, hostels,..)
Crushed granite stone 20 mm
Potable drinking water
MATERIALS
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GCE Kannur 8
METHEDOLOGY ADOPTED
Determination of engineering properties of CS
Determination of properties of conventional aggregates
Casting M20 mix concrete
Testing, Analysis & Results
Documentation
Conclusion
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GCE Kannur 9
To evaluate the engineering properties of
coconut shell aggregate.
To compare the properties of coconut shell
aggregate with conventional aggregate.
MINI PROJECT OVERVIEW
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GCE Kannur 10
PROPERTIES TESTED
Specific gravity
Void ratio
Bulk density
Porosity
Aggregate impact value
Aggregate crushing value
Abrasion value
Fineness modulus
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GCE Kannur 11
TestsConvention
al aggregate
Coconut
shell aggregateSand
Max size 20 16 4.75
Specific gravity 2.82 1.29 1.1
Bulk density(kg/l) 1.51 0.681
Void ratio 0.866 0.894
Porosity (%) 46.4 47.2
Aggregate abrasion value 27 4.66 -
Impact value of aggregate (%) 21.114 5.51 -
Aggregate crushing value (%) 2.6 5.28 -
Fineness modulus 0.915 1.415 2.83
PROPERTIES AT A GLANCE
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COCONUT SHELL AGGREGATE CONCRETE
To find the optimum replacement of coconut shell
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GCE Kannur 13
MIX DESIGN
Mass of cement (in kg/m3) 383
Mass of water (in kg/m3) 191.6
Mass of fine aggregate (in kg/m3) 626.36
Mass of coarse aggregate (in kg/m3) 1200.8
Mix ratio 1: 1.635: 3.135
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GCE Kannur 14
CURING
Temperatures : 27°C ±7°C
W/C Ratio : 0.5
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Experimental procedure
Compressive strength
Split tensile strength
Flexural strength
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COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Factors affecting,
Ultimate strength = P/A
Water cement ratioAggregate cement ratioAggregate grade and maximum
size of aggregateCompactionCuringAge of concrete
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FLEXURAL STRENGTH
Modulus of rupture, fct = ……………… (1)
fct = ……………… (2)
If a > 200, eqn 1
If 170 < a < 200, eqn 2
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SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH
Circular disc subjected to compression load diametrically
F = Where, L = Length of cylinder D = Diameter of cylinder P = Maximum load
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TEST RESULTS0% ReplacementCement content : 383 kg/m3
Water cement ratio : 0.5
Properties
7 days 28 days
1 2 Mean (N/mm2)
1 2 Mean (N/mm2)
Compressive
strength
18.03 17.99 18.01 26.2 26.6 26.4
Split tensile
strength
1.424 1.44 1.4322.85 2.79 2.82
Flexural strength 2.02 2.08 2.053.25 3.09 3.17
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5% ReplacementCement content : 384.17 kg/m3
Water cement ratio : 0.5
Properties
7 days 28 days
1 2 Mean
(N/mm2)
1 2 Mean (N/mm2)
Compressive
strength
17.82 17.99 17.90 24.06 24.18 24.12
Split tensile
strength
1.12 0.98 1.050 2.64 2.256 2.448
Flexural strength 2.17 1.79 1.981 2.015 2.551 2.283
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10% replacementTrial no:1Cement content : 385.76 kg/m3
Water cement ratio : 0.5
Properties
7 days 28 days
1 2 Mean
(N/mm2)
1 2 Mean
(N/mm2)
Compressive
strength
16.85 16.75 16.80 24.45 17.09 20.77
Split tensile
strength
1.220 1.210 1.215 1.84 2.04 1.94
Flexural
strength
1.843 1.621 1.732 2.78 2.29 2.535
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10% replacementTrial no: 2Cement content: 386.55kg/m3
Water cement ratio: 0.5
Properties
7 days 28 days
1 2
Mean (N/mm2) 1 2
Mean (N/mm2)
Compressive
strength 17.55 16.21 16.89 23.81 24.21 24.02
Split tensile
strength 1.3 1.260 1.28 2.47 2.61 2.54
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15% replacementCement content: 387.34kg/m3
Water cement ratio: 0.5
Properties
7 days 28 days
1 2
Mean(N/mm2) 1 2
Mean(N/mm2)
Compressive
strength17.9 17.5 17.7 24.87 24.35 24.61
Split tensile
strength1.38 1.27 1.32 2.61 2.53 2.57
Flexural
strength1.984 1.69 1.837 2.99 2.79 2.89
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20%replacementTrial no:1Cement content: 388.13kg/m3
Water cement ratio: 0.5
Properties
7 days 28 days
1 2
Mean(N/mm2) 1 2
Mean(N/mm2)
Compressive
strength12.48 13.33 12.9 20.32 20.49 20.41
Split tensile
strength1.23 1.1 1.16 1.87 2.09 1.98
Flexural
strength1.95 1.69 1.820 2.78 2.42 2.60
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Trial no:2Cement content: 388.92kg/m3
Water cement ratio: 0.5
Properties
7 days 28 days
1 2 Mean 1 2 Mean
Compressive
strength14.81 14.20 14.78 21.76 19.9 20.83
Trial no:3Cement content: 389.71kg/m3
Water cement ratio: 0.5
Properties
7 days 28 days
1 2 Mean 1 2 Mean
Compressive
strength
15.7 14.3 15 20.89 22.89 21.89
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25%replacementCement content: 390.50kg/m3
Water cement ratio: 0.5
Properties
7 days 28 days
1 2 Mean 1 2 Mean
Compressive
strength12.03 11.87 11.95 21.18 20.54 20.86
Split tensile strength 0.89 1.14 1.015 2.42 2.48 2.45
Flexural strength 1.57 1.69 1.63
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Trial 2Cement content=391.29kg/m3
Properties
7 days 28 days
1 2 Mean 1 2 Mean
Compressive
strength
11.89 12.13 12.01 21.2 21.26 21.23
30% ReplacementCement content: 392.08kg/m3
w/c Ratio:0.5
Properties
7 days
1 2 Mean
Compressive strength 10.89 11.58 11.23
Split tensile strength 0.86 1.08 0.97
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35% ReplacementCement content:392.08W/C ratio:0.5
Properties
7 days
1 2Mean
(N/mm2)
Compressive strength 10.67 11.45 11.06
Split tensile strength 0.59 0.74 0.66
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ANALYSISCompressive strength
0%
Replacement
Cement addition rate
(kg/m3)
7 day strength (N/mm2)
Extra cement (g)1 2 Mean
0 383.00 18.03 17.99 18.01 0
5 384.17 17.82 17.99 17.90 150
10 385.76 16.85 16.75 16.80 200
10 386.55 17.55 16.21 16.89 250
15 387.34 17.90 17.50 17.70 300
20 388.13 12.48 13.33 12.90 350
20 388.92 14.87 14.20 14.78 400
20 389.71 15.7 14.3 15.0 450
25 390.50 12.03 11.87 11.95 450
25 391.29 12.57 13.01 12.79 500
30 392.08 10.89 11.58 11.23 550
35 392.87 10.67 11.45 11.06 600
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% replacement
Cement addition rate
(kg/m3)
3 days strength (N/mm2)
7 days strength (N/mm2)
1 2 Mean 1 2 Mean
0 - 0.81 0.83 0.820 1.424 1.44 1.432
5 384.17 kg/m3 0.726 0.746 0.736 1.120 0.98 1.050
10 385.76 kg/m3 0.700 0.740 0.720 1.220 1.210 1.210
10 386.55 kg/m3 0.760 0.760 0.760 1.300 1.260 1.280
15 387.34 kg/m3 1.380 1.270 1.32
20 388.13 kg/m3 1.23 1.10 1.16
20 388.92 kg/m3 1.37 0.96 1.165
25 390.50 kg/m3 0.89 1.14 1.015
30 391.29 kg/m3 0.86 1.08 0.97
35 392.08 kg/m3 0.59 0.74 0.66
Split tensile strength
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% replacement
Cement addition rate
(kg/m3)
7 days strength (N/mm2)
28 days strength (N/mm2)
1 2 Mean 1 2 Mean
0 - 2.02 2.08 2.05 3.25 3.09 3.17
5 384.17 kg/m3 2.17 1.79 1.981 2.015 2.551 2.283
10 385.76 kg/m3 1.843 1.621 1.732 2.78 2.29 2.535
15 387.34 kg/m3 1.984 1.69 1.837 2.99 2.79 2.89
20 388.13 kg/m3 1.95 1.69 1.82 2.78 2.42 2.60
Flexural strength
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Fig 6.1 Seven days compressive strength (N/mm2)
Com
pres
sive
stre
ngth
(N/m
m2 )
% Replacement
Cement content (kg/m3 )
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Fig 6.2 Seven days split tensile strength (N/mm2)
Com
pres
sive
stre
ngth
(N/m
m2 )
% ReplacementCement content (k
g/m3 )
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Fig 6.3 seven days flexural strength
Com
pres
sive
stre
ngth
(N/m
m2 )
% ReplacementCement content (kg/m
3 )
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Fig 6.4 : 28 days compressive strength
Com
pres
sive
stre
ngth
(N/m
m2 )
% ReplacementCement content (kg/m
3 )
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Fig 6.5 : 28 days split tensile strength
Com
pres
sive
stre
ngth
(N/m
m2 )
% Replacement Cement content (kg/m3 )
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Fig 6.6 : 28 days flexural strength
Com
pres
sive
stre
ngth
(N/m
m2 )
% ReplacementCement content (kg/m
3 )
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GCE Kannur 41
The optimum replacement is obtained as 15%
CONCLUSION
Can be used as coarse aggregate in the production of lightweight concrete
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GCE Kannur 42
1. E. A. Olanipekun, K. O. Olusola ,and O. Atia, “Comparative study between palm kernel shell and coconut shell as coarse aggregate”, Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, Asian Research Publishing Network. Japan, 2005.
2. U. O. Kabiru, and A. Saleh, “Exploratory study of coconut shell as coarse aggregate in concrete”, Journal of engineering and applied sciences, Vol. 2, December 2010.
3. K. Gunasekaran, and P. S. Kumar, “Lightweight Concrete using Coconut Shells as Aggregate”, Proceedings, International Conference on "Innovations in Building Materials, Structural Designs and Construction Practices (IBMSDCP-2008), 15-17 May 2008, pp.375-382.
4. K. Gunasekaran, “Utilization of Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregate in the Development of Lightweight Concrete”, PhD Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 2011.
5. C. B. Gopal, and K. B. Ranjan, “Effect of Coconut Shell Aggregate on Normal Strength Concrete”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 6, June – 2013, pp: 2405 -2415.
6. Y. Amarnath, and C. Ramachandrudu, “Properties of Concrete with Coconut Shells as Aggregate Replacement”, International Journal of Engineering Inventions, Volume 1, Issue 6 (October 2012), pp: 21-31.
7. U. Johnson Alengaram, Baig Abdullah Al Muhit, and Mohd Zamin bin Jumaat, “Utilization of oil palm kernel shell as lightweight aggregate in concrete”, Construction and Building Materials, Volume 38, January 2013, Pages 161-172.
REFERENCES
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GCE Kannur 43