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Properties of Matter
Chapter 16
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Properties
Extensive = Characteristic of matter in which the amount of the material affects the property
Intensive = Characteristic of matter in which the amount of the material does not affect the property
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List examples of extensive and intensive properties
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Measuring Matter
Length Meter (m) Meter stick, ruler, odometer
Volume Liter (l) or cubic meter cm3
Ruler or graduated cylinder
Mass Gram (g) or kilogram (kg)
Scale or balance
Temperature Celsius (C0) or Kelvin (K)
Thermometer
density g/cm3 or g/ml Balance and ruler or graduated cylinder
Measurement Unit instrument
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Classifying Matter: matter can be classified into two main types Mixture contains more than
one kind of matter that can be separated by physical means
Pure Substances is matter that cannot
be separated by physical means
sugarTrail mix
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Two Types of substances
Elements has one kind type of
atom
examples: helium (He) carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O)
Compounds a substance that
contains more than one type of atom
examples: H2O (pure water)
NaCl (sodium chloride)
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Matter
Examples of elements:
goldaluminum
mercury
iodine
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Examples of pure substances that are compounds
Water =H2O
NaCl = table salt
Sugar = C6H12O6
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Basic units of substances are always in motion
Atom is the smallest possible particle of an
element
Molecule is the smallest particle of the compound that
retains the properties of the compound
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Types of mixtures
Heterogeneous mixture
the composition is not uniform (different)
examples: chicken noodle soup mixed nuts soil
Homogeneous Mixture
The composition is uniform (same)
examples: salt water tap water brass
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What type of mixture is it?
heterogeneoushomogeneous
Salt water
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Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids
It isn’t always easy to tell the difference between a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture.
Based on the size of its largest particles, a mixture can be classified as a solution, a suspension, or a colloid.
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Solutions
When substances dissolve and form a homogeneous mixture, the mixture that forms is called a solution.
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All mixtures can be separated.
Methods to separate mixtures 1. Sorting 2. Filtering 3. Heating 4. Cooling 5. distillation
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Matter
Substances
elements
Compounds
mixtures
Homogeneous mixture
Heterogeneous mixture
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Two types of Properties of Matter 1. A physical
property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance in the material.
A chemical property can be observed only when the substances in a sample of matter are changing into different substances.
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Physical Properties
Viscosity= Resistance of a liquid to flowing
High viscosity
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Physical Properties of matter
Conductivity = the ability of matter to transfer heat or electricity
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Physical Properties
Malleability is the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering.
Hardness is used to compare two materials. If a material can scratch another then it is harder.
diamond
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Physical Properties Melting point is the temperature at which a
substance changes from a solid to a liquid (Water in the form of ice melts at 00C)
Boiling Point is the temperature at which a substance boils. (water boils at 1000C)
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Physical Properties of Matter
Density is the ratio of the mass to volume of a substance.
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Chemical Properties
A chemical property is any ability to produce a change in the composition of matter.
Chemical properties can be observed only when the substance in a sample of matter are changing into different substances.
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Observing Chemical Properties
Flammability is a material’s ability to burn in the presence of oxygen.
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Observing chemical properties
The property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances is reactivity.
Examples: Rusting
Chemical reaction
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Indentifying Chemical Change
Common types of evidence for a chemical change are
1. color 2. production of gas 3. formation of a precipitate 4. Thermal energy change
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Identifying a chemical change
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States of Matter
Solid has a definite shape and definite volume molecules vibrate slow but cannot switch
places with other molecules
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States of Matter
Liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape Molecules move faster and slip out of
position
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States of Matter
Gas has no definite shape or volume molecules move so fast that they bounce out
of the liquid state and become a gas.
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Temperature= the average energy of the molecules
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Changing States of Matter
Melting point temperature at which it
changed from solid to liquid
Boiling point temperature at which it
changes from a liquid to a gas
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Changing state of matter
Evaporation fast-moving molecules
in a liquid can escape to become a gas
cooling because it take the energy (heat) away from the substance
Condensation molecules in a gas
slow down and change into a liquid
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Changes in State of Matter
Sublimation when a solid changes directly from a solid
to a gas