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ProStart II Safety Review
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True or False
• A foodborne-illness outbreak has occurred when two or more people experience the same illness after eating the same food.
True
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True or False
• Potentially hazardous food is usually moist.
True
(Potentially hazardous food typically contains moisture and protein, has a neutral or slightly acidic pH, and requires time-temperature control to prevent growth)
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True or False• Adults are more likely than preschool-age
children to become ill from contaminated food.
False
Most common are:-Infants and preschool-age children-Pregnant women-Elderly people-People taking certain medications-People who are seriously ill
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True or False
• Cooked vegetables are not potentially hazardous.
False
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What does handwashing prevent?
• Cross Contamination
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Dangers of Foodborne Illnesses
• Foodborne illness: a disease carried or transmitted to people by food.
• Foodborne illness outbreak: foodborne illness that involves 2 or more people that eat the same food.
• Millions affected, few reported, majority DO NOT occur at foodservice establishments
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What are Potentially Hazardous Foods?
• Milk & Milk Products
• Eggs
• Shellfish & Crustaceans
• Fish
• Baked Potatoes
• Sliced Melons
• Synthetic Ingredients– Textured soy protein
• Meat: beef, pork, lamb
• Raw sprouts and sprout seeds
• Heat-treated plant food– Cooked rice, beans, &
vegetables
• Poultry
• Tofu or other soy-protein food
• Untreated garlic-and-oil mixtures
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Bacteria and Viruses• Bacteria
– In potentially hazardous food can multiply rapidly to disease causing levels in favorable conditions
– Can produce toxins in food that can cause illness when the food is eaten.
• Viruses– Small, simple
microorganisms that can cause disease
– Need living cells in order to grow and multiply
– Do not multiply in food but carried by food items
*Hepatitis A - most common foodborne viral disease
– Can be found in non-potable water and shellfish
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Parasites: organisms that need to live in a host organism to grow.
• Characteristics– Need a host to survive– Grow naturally in
many animals – such as pigs, cats, rodents, and fish – and can be transmitted to humans
– Very small, often microscopic, but larger than bacteria
– Pose hazards to both food and water
• Prevention– Food is from approved
source– Properly frozen– Proper cooking
techniques– Avoid cross-
contamination– Use sanitary water
supplies– Follow proper hand-
washing procedures
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Fungi
– Mold: grows quickly and can cause serious infections and allergies
• Cannot be destroyed by cooking
• Responsible for food spoilage
• Sometimes used to produce foods (ex: cheese)
– Produce no health risk but hard to tell apart from illness causing molds
– Yeast: spoils food rapidly
• Require sugar & moisture for survival
– Jellies, honey, cottage cheese, & fruit juices
• Warning signs of yeast– Alcohol smell or taste– Bubbles– Pink discoloration– Slime
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Toxins
• Poison carried by certain fish– Fish collect toxins by eating other smaller fish
that have eaten algae carrying the toxin
• Wild Mushrooms contain poison– Poisonous and nonpoisonous mushrooms can
look alike– Purchase mushrooms from reputable sources
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• Chemical Hazards Prevention– Follow
manufacturers’ directions
– Store in a dry and locked cabinet away from food, utensils, & equipment
– Label containers appropriately
– Wash hands after using chemical product
• Toxic Metal Poisoning– Occurs when acidic foods
are stored in or prepared with equipment that contains toxic metals
– Use only food-grade storage containers
– Do not use enamelware, lead, or any lead-based product for food production
– Use metal containers for their intended purpose only (ex: do not use galvanized metal garbage cans to store food)
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Physical Object Contamination Prevention
• Never scoop ice with a glass
• Check and replace work can openers
• Do not use unfrilled toothpicks in sandwiches
• Put shields on lights over food storage and food preparation areas
• Remove and properly dispose of nails, staples, and other objects from boxes when food is received
• Avoid jewelry• Discard chipped or
cracked dishes, glasses, and tableware
• Use only food-grade brushes on food
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Keeping Food SafeFood: Microorganisms need nutrients to grow, specifically
proteins and carbohydrates
Acidity: Illness-causing bacteria grow best in slightly acidic or neutral foods (pH of 4.6 to 7.5)
Temperature: Danger Zone is between 41*F and 135*F
Time: Danger Zone is over 4 hours
Oxygen: Some microorganisms require oxygen to grow while others do not (ex: cooked rice, untreated garlic, and baked potatoes that have been temperature abused
Moisture: Bacteria need water to grow / the amount of water needed is called its water activity (scale is 0.0 to 1.0;
water is 1.0)