Download - Proteins Making Chemical Reactions Possible
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EnzymesProteins Making Chemical Reactions Possible
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11/30/15Do Now: Copy down Vocab●Enzyme=special proteins that speed up chemical reactions
●Substrate = molecules that enzymes bind to●Active site = area where chemical reactions occur●Anabolism = the building up of molecules●Catabolism = the breaking down of molecules●Denatured = the change of shape of an enzyme due to temperature or pH
●Inhibitors = molecules that slow down or stop enzymes
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Amoeba Sisters VideoFill out worksheet that goes along with video
Biomolecules reviewhttps://youtu.be/IJ7xOSCEmZw
Enzymeshttps://youtu.be/XUn64HY5bug
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Energy and chemical reactions●Most chemical reactions require energy to
begin - the energy required to start a chemical
reaction is called activation energy.
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What are enzymes?●Enzymes are proteins which reduce
activation energy allowing chemical reactions to occur in living things
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Enzymes reduce activation energy
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Enzymes Act as Biological Catalysts●Catalysts are inorganic molecules that speed up
chemical reactions -
Enzymes are organic molecules that speed up reactions in living things-enzymes are not changed by the reaction they speed up
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Active Site●Enzymes have an area called an active site. - the active site is where the chemical
reaction occurs
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The Shape of the Enzyme Determines Function●The active site of the enzyme fits with only
one type of molecule known as the substrate.●Substrate is the molecule that the enzyme
acts on.
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Enzyme Reactions●Written as : Enzyme + Substrate Enzyme + Product
ExampleCatalase + 2H2O2 ES Catalase + 2H2O +
O2 enzyme substrate enzyme product
enzyme-substrate complex
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Lock & Key Model●Substrate fits into the active site like a key
into a lock●The enzyme reduces the amount of energy needed to break apart the substrate●The products of the reaction leave and make the enzyme available for more substrates
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Enzymes can build molecules
Substrate molecules can only bond one way.
Substrate moleculesfit into the active site in the best position to bond Once in the active
site, the molecules of
substrate join together form a new product
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Enzyme Inhibitors●Inhibitors control the rate of enzyme activity - if there is too much of an enzyme’s product,
inhibitors can slow or even stop an enzyme’s activity
●Two types of Inhibition - Competitive - Non competitive
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Competitive Inhibition●The inhibitor is a molecule that can occupy part
of the active site●While the inhibitor is in the active site, substrate
can’t bind with the enzyme – inhibitors compete with the substrate for the active site
inhibitor competes inhibitor blocks the with substrate active site
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Noncompetitive Inhibition●The inhibitor binds with the enzyme at a site away
from the active site.●Inhibitor causes enzyme to change shape –
prevents substrate from entering the active site
Inhibitor binds with enzyme Enzyme changes shape keeps
substrate from active site
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Denatured Enzymes• Enzymes are proteins and if they are exposed to extremes of temp or pH lose their shape
- if a protein loses its shape, it loses its function - a protein that loses its shape is said to be denatured - if an enzyme is denatured, substrate can’t enter the active site
extreme temperature
or pH
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Common Enzymes●Amylase - breaks down starch●Catalase – breaks down H2O2
●DNA polymerase – joins DNA nucleotides to build DNA
●Lipase – break apart fats●Lactase – breaks apart lactose – milk sugar●Protease- breaks apart protein molecules
-What does –ase in a molecules’ name imply?