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Protestant Reformation
Unit 5 World History
SSWH9
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Problems in the Catholic Church
• By the 16th century, corruption in the Catholic Church led many to begin to question the Church
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What were the issues?
• Immorality of church leaders and priests• Popes focused on secular wars and issues • Wealth of the Pope and church leaders • Questions about Church doctrines
(indulgences, salvation by good works)
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Martin Luther
• Martin Luther was a monk and professor in Germany
• He was especially upset by the selling of indulgences for forgiveness of sin.
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What is an indulgence?
• Indulgences = people could pay the Church to get themselves or loved ones out of purgatory
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Martin Luther
• After studying the Bible, he began to believe that salvation was through faith alone, not by good works and faith like the Catholic Church doctrine suggested
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Stop and Think!
• What were the criticisms of the Catholic Church leading up to the Protestant Reformation?
• Why do you think these things bothered people?
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95 Theses
• In 1517, Luther posted his “95 Theses” on the doors of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany
• He stated his beliefs that based on scripture salvation came through faith alone
• He also criticized the selling of indulgences.
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Impact of 95 Theses
• Martin Luther’s ideas spread quickly and he gathered support from lots of people
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Why did ideas spread so quickly (as opposed to the past)?
• Gutenberg’s printing press!! • Texts could now be copied in a 1-2 days, when
it would have taken monks a year to transcribe by hand.
Side note
We will come back
to this later!
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Impact of 95 Theses
• The Catholic Church excommunicated Luther in 1521.
• He refused to change his ideas, and was made an outlaw according to the Edict of Worms.
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Impact of 95 Theses
• His books were to be burned and he was supposed to be delivered to the Holy Roman Emperor, but he was protected by his local German ruler.
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Impact of 95 Theses
• Martin Luther’s movement continued to gain popularity
• Many German princes supported new state churches that held services focused on Bible readings, sermons and song rather than the Catholic Mass.
• These first Protestants came to be known as Lutherans.
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Stop and Think!
• What were the 95 Theses? • What was the Edict of Worms?• How did Martin Luther impact the European
world?
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Another Protestant Reformer – John Calvin
• John Calvin fled Catholic France after her converted to Protestantism.
• He went to Switzerland where Huldrych Zwingli led a Protestant Reformation that focused on scripture, prayer and sermons instead of the Catholic Mass.
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John Calvin
• Calvin became the leader of the movement after his death and introduced the doctrine of predestination.
• In other words, Calvinists believed that God determined in advance who was saved and who wasn’t.
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Impact of Calvinism
• Calvinism spread quickly in many places in Europe.
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Stop and Think!
• How was Calvinism different from Lutheranism?
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Overall impact of Protestant Reformation
• New Protestant faiths and denominations• Decrease in religious unity in Western Europe• Decrease in power of the Catholic Church