Download - Proxemics and Proxemics in the Work Place
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Proxemics and Proxemics in the
Work Place
Jenn Styers
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Proxemics
The relative positioning of your body in
relation to when you are communicating with
others.
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Edward T. Hall
Anthropologist
Created the Theory of Proxemics in 1959
Discovered Humans are distinctly aware oftheir perception of space and territory.
Conducted many studies and experiments, hediscovered that Humans have four distinct
comfort distances. His studies were universal for Americans, but
world wide findings are very different.
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Four Zones of Personal Space
Personal Space- is the space in which you let people get in
distance to you. The closer a person is the more you trust them
and are comfortable with your relationship.
4 Subgroups of personal space.
1. Intimate- Is reserved for people who you are romantically
involved with or have a connection they are normally between
10 inches to touching you.
2. Casual Personal- People are normally within 18 inches to 4 ft.
this generally used for informal conversations with friends.3. Social- Consultative- Is between 4 ft to 12 ft, this is for formal
transactions with people that you do not know well.
4. Public- Is when you are addressing a group of people, this
transaction can be at any space because of the unknown factor.
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To have a close and engaged conversation you
need to keep within close proximity to the
person you are communicating with to be
engaged. If you keep a far distance you may
come off as standoffish.
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Territory
Territory also determines Proxemics because your settingcan determine how close you are and how youcommunicate.
Primary Territory- Communicating with someone in their
personal space, this could be their house, bedroom, livingroom, place where they feel the most comfortable.
Secondary Territory- Also a place where you are able to feelcomfortable, may be a friends house or a familiar bar.
Public Territory- is a neutral territory that is not owned by
ourselves or by our partner in communication. This couldbe a street park.
Interaction Territory- is a temporary private space whereyou could have an intimate conversation.
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Body Angling
Is an important factor for proximity in your
conversations, when not sitting down.
Side-to- Side Can hinder conversation,
normally happens when walking.
Face- to-Face- Can be intimate or
confrontational, Normally happens in a
business setting.
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Seating Arrangement
Corner- to Corner- allows for eye contact and nonverbal signals. Good
for cooperative work.
Side-to-Side- Body language is difficult to read and physical proximity is
very close. Good for people who need to focus on a task not on one
another. Across-the- Table- is common in competitive situations. Nonverbal
signals can be monitored and the table provides a safe barrier.
Unintentional conflict can arise between two people who sit across
from each other.
Diagonally- Used for people who need space to work by themselves in
a sense. Do not have to sit directly opposite from one another.
Provides a barrier that allows both parties to concentrate on their
work.
Group Setting- There is normally a head of the table and this is usually
the leader of the group, the seat brings power, status and influence.
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Proxemics in Different Cultures
Very different from the United States
Most contact in the U.S is normally in the Casual-Personal space which is also known as the Social Space.This allows people in this culture to have their space
while remaining friendly. Asia and Northern Europealso favor this proximity.
Mediterranean, Latin and Arab cultures perfer to bemore intimate during conversations.
Misunderstanding can happen when two people formdifferent cultures interact with one another, if notknowing they could invade ones space or bestandoffish which could be interpreted as rude.
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PROXEMICS IS AN OFTEN OVER LOOKED
FORM OF COMMUNICATION, BUT AN
IMPORTANT CONCEPT TO MASTER IN
THE BUSINESS WORLD
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Fixtures
Edward T. Hall also studied fixtures in the
workplace
Fixed Fixtures are fixtures that can not move
Semi- Fixed Fixtures are fixtures that can move
such as furniture.
Fixtures will create barriers in the workplace
or open up communication
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Office Space
Office Arrangement is very important for
communication in a workplace.
A manager shows open communication with
employees when there are chairs and coucheswithin his space.
Dr. Lyle Sussman professor at the University of
Louisville gives management tips that says ademocratic leader will want to talk to an
employee side by side rather than behind a desk.
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Separating the Strong from the Weak
Use of Social Space can tell about the Status,
Confidence and power of people in the
workplace.
People who possess the most power andauthority command a greater amount of space.
- They will often distance themselves
- Why management has corner offices or officesapart from the rest of the workers. While the
workers are scrunched in small cubicles
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Separating the Strong from the Weak
Cont.
Confident people and people of higher status
will go to the center of attention while lower
status or non-confident people will hover near
exits or stay at the back of the room.
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Negotiation
Main goal in negotiation is that you want to
gain cooperation.
Knowing how personal space is internally
regulated can create better communication
from your counterpart.
Knowing personal space will stop you from
violating your counterparts personal space
and not causing unnecessary tension
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Site in Negotiation
One of the most important factors.
Barginers perception of the environment willeffect negotiations.
Being on Home Ground can ease negotiationsfor one of the communicators.
Cold settings will make negotiation competitive,normally for no nonsense people
Are more relaxed environment with warm colors,artwork and comfy chairs, will make negotiationsmore relaxed.
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The Details
In negotiations you have to make sure that
everything is equal to the number of ashtrays
that are on the table (fixtures). To making
sure that all chairs are even, if they arent atthe same height this will take away from eye
contact and make one counterpart seem less
important.* If this is the desired situation.
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Refrences
Bremer, J. (2004) Proxemics. Retrieved fromhttp://bremercommunications.com
Chu, Y., Greene, W.E., Ma, J., & Strong, W. F. (2005). SilentMessages in Negotiations: The Role of Non-VerbalCommunication in Cross Cultural Business Negotiations.Journal of Organizational Culture, Communication andConflicts. July, 2005. 2-4.
Hall, E.T. (1996) Proxemic Communication. Retrieved fromhttp://changingminds.org
Loo, T. How to Communicate Using Space. Retrieved fromhttp://hodu.com
Susman, L. Proxemcis Retrieved fromhttp://cobweb2.louisville.edu