© PASCO CORPORATION 2011
PSD-T1-AT1-1107-042
RECENT EXPERIENCES UTILIZING TERRASAR-X FOR THE MONITORING OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD
July 29, 2011
Yuki OkajimaKazuo Yoshikawa
Takashi ShibayamaPASCO CORPORATION
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Contents
1. PASCO and Disaster Monitoring
2. Overview of TerraSAR-X
3. Emergency Response to Natural Disasters
4. Case Study of 2010 Haiti Earthquake
5. Case Study of 2011 The Great East Japan Earthquake
6. Summary
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1.1 Overview of PASCO
< Profile >• Establishment : 1953• Head Office : Japan• International Network : Finland, Belgium, Brazil, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippine
s, China• Number of Employees : 2,413• ALOS Operations since April 2011.
< Corporate Mission >• We establishes spatial information system to protect people’s life and safety• We promptly grasps the situation of affected areas and supports humanitarian a
nd recovery efforts when disaster occurs.
< PASCO’s Platform and Sensors >14
Aircraft 27
Airborne Sensors 28
Mobile Mapping System 17
Distribution Right of Satellite Data
Platform and Sensors
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1.2 Concept of Disaster Monitoring
Constructing the integrated social system and aiming to provide information within
three (3) hours
Global Disaster Management
Satellite data reception and processing
Expansion of the Satellite Ground Station Network
Observing wide area information and 3D data creationSpeedy day/night observation of the nation and data creationData creation for observing narrow area with high accuracyQuick analysis of acquired data from various sensors, its visualization and supply
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2. Overview of TerraSAR-X
・ X-band SAR satellite launched by DLR in 2007・ Highest spatial resolution of 1m.・ Repeat cycle and revisit time are 11 days and about 3 days respectively. ・ Suitable for emergency observations thanks to cloud free SAR sensor’s characteristic.
Sensor Active phased array X- band SAR
Orbit type Sun- synchronous dawn- dusk repeat orbit
Repeat cycle 11days
Altitude 514km at the equator( )Inclination 97.44°
06:00 ± 0.25h Descending( )18:00 ± 0.25h Ascending( )
Equatorial crossing timeLocal time( )
Imaging mode
SpotLight StripMap ScanSAR
Specifications
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3. Emergency Response to Natural Disasters
2008 Jan Monitoring of GLOF (Glacial Lake Outburst Flood) in the Himalayas
Feb Eruption of Sakurajima volcano(Showa crater), Kagoshima Prefecture
May Damage interpretations around Kitagawa, the Great Sichuan Earthquake
Jun Changes in Iwate-Miyagi inland earthquake slip
Aug Heavy rain flooded area estimation Aichi (town district Hishiike Kouda)
Aug Overflow of Kosi River in Nepal
2009 May Disaster in Northern Brazil (near the Parnaíba River)
May Estimation of flood disasters due to cyclone “Aila” in Bangladesh
2010 Jan Estimation of earthquake victims in Haiti
Mar ~ Apr Iceland volcano monitoring
2011 Jan Monitoring eruptions of Shinmoedake volcano in Kirishima
Feb Earthquake monitoring in Christchurch, New Zealand
Mar Providing information about the Great East Japan Earthquake
Major Initiatives
- 7 -© PASCO CORPORATION 2011(c)Infoterra GmbH, Distribution [PASCO] (c)Infoterra GmbH, Distribution [PASCO]
Flight Direction
Beam Direction
21:23:10(UTC) Jan 12, 2010Magnitude 7.0 depth 13km by USGS
Port-au-Prince
TerraSAR-X Image
4.1 2010 Haiti Earthquake
- Inland earthquake occurred on January 12, 2010 in Haiti. - Many buildings were collapsed in and around the capital of Port-au-Prince and it is reported that more than 200,000 people died in this earthquake.
Acq. Date (UTC)
Orbit Direction
Acq. ModePolarization
Inc. Angle
13 October 2009
Descending StripMap HH 39.1°
20 January 2010
Descending StripMap HH 39.1°
- Observation Specification
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4.2 Detection of Collapsed Buildings
References1) Masashi MATSUOKA and Fumio YAMAZAKI: APPLICATION OF A METHODOLOGY FOR DETECTING BUILDING-DAMAGE AREA TO RECENT EARTHQUAKES USING SATELLITE SAR INTENSITY IMAGERIES AND ITS VALIDATION, J. Struct. Constr. Eng., AIJ, No. 558, 139-147, Aug., 2002
Diagram of Using Intensity Imagery
- Before Earthquake
Backscaterring of microwave radiated from a satellite is strong due to dual-bounce scattering between roads and buildings.
- After Earthquake
Backscattering becomes weak because microwave spreads toward various directions due to collapsed buildings.
⇒Collapsed buildings are detectable by the difference of backscattering coefficient.
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4.3 Detection of Collapsed Buildings (cont.)
[ TerraSAR-X ]
[Optical Image]
Oct. 13, 2009
Oct. 11, 2009
Jan. 20, 2010
Jan. 13, 2010
(c) Infoterra GmbH, Distribution [PASCO] (c) Infoterra GmbH, Distribution [PASCO]
(c) GeoEye (c) GeoEye
Weak backscattering appear dark in the image.
After
After
Before
Before
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4.4 Result: Detection of Collapsed Buildings
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4.5 Result: Detection of Collapsed Buildings (cont.)
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5.1 2011 The Great East Japan Earthquake
- The magnitude 9.0 earthquake occurred at 14:46(JST) on March 11, 2011 off the coast of Tohoku region.- Following tsunami severely damaged the coastline from Tohoku and Kanto regions and death and missing people reaches more than 25,000.
©PASCO ©PASCO
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5.2 Emergency Observations of TerraSAR-X
①②
③
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5.3 Data Acquisition and Analysis
Okinawa
Tokyo④Obser vation
⑤downlink
⑥transfer
⑦Analysis
Sendai City
Tokyo
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5.4 PASCO’s Immediate ActionsDisaster 24 hours 48 hours 72 hours
14:46JST Mar. 11
Mar. 12 (Sat) Mar. 13 (Sun) First ObservationMar. 14 (Mon) Second
Observation
PASCO
15:30 Observation plan and order
20: 00Preparation for analysis and pre-Disaster images
AvailableGeospatial Information
Change Detection (Coastline of Miyagi)
- Areas less than 10m elevation above sea level
- Est. seismic intensity
-20km radius from FukushimaNuclear Power Plant 14:00- 22:00-
Est. flood area 18:00-
Pre-Disaster Image
Oct.21,2010 Mar.13,2011
Satellite Observation (Hokkaido – Kanagawa)
6:00 Observation12:00 Start of data provision
Est. Flood Areas (Coastline of Miyagi)
Acquisition of Optical Image (Fukushima Nuclear power plant)
Detection of Floating Objects (Sanriku – Ishinomaki)
Satellite Observation (Hokkaido – Chiba)Est. Flood Areas[ Prompt Report ]
Northern part of Fukushima
-Satellite images- Aerial photos-Census Map - DEM etc.
Cited from Google
17.7 km2 101.9 km2
14.6 km2 60.7 km2
6.0 km2 58.1 km2
15.1 km2 48.4 km2
15.2 km2 100.7 km2
68.6 km2 369.8 km2
Pref. MIYAGI
Higasi-Matsushima city
Iwanuma City
Sendai City (Miyagino)
Sendai City (Wakabayashi)
Natori City
Total
Area of CityEst. Flood Area
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5.5 Change Detection of Inundation Areas with Pre- and Post-Disaster Images
Pre-disaster image: R
Post-disaster image: G, B
RGB color composition shows estimated inundation areas in red.
-These are made in 48 hours after the earthquake and color composition images with pre- and post-disaster.
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5.6 Estimated Inundation Areas with a Post-Disaster Image
Acq. Date (JST) Orbit Direction Acq. Mode Polarization Inc. Angle
13 March 2011 Descending StripMap HH 37.3°
24 March 2011 Descending StripMap HH 37.3°
4 April 2011 Descending StripMap HH 37.3°
Conversion of DN value into backscattering coefficient
Areas more than a certain elevation to be masked to reduce commission errors caused by radar shadow.
Define a threshold to determine the possible water areas (underlying conditions, such as incidence angles, taken into account)
Inundation areas where the value is lower than the threshold are extracted and change maps are created.
- TerraSAR-X Observations
- Inundation Area Detection Method
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5.7 Estimated Inundation Areas with a Post-Disaster Image
March 13
March 24April 4
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5.8 Estimated Inundation Areas with a Post-Disaster Image
Water-pumping effort
Field survey for ground truth
Our analyses were used by River Bureau of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation Ministry to plan drain pump installation and confirm the outcome of their pumping efforts.
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6. Summary
・ We have 22 emergency responses for major natural disasters,
including Haiti Earthquake and The Great East Japan Earthqua
ke in 4 years since the launch of TerraSAR-X.
・ Our analyses and maps of the disasters were provided to the n
ational and local government and utilized for the damage assessm
ent and recovery efforts.
・ We keep our disaster monitoring system strengthened and distr
ibute information and analyses of major disasters in order to furthe
r contribute to protect people’s life and safety.
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