Download - PSYCH Play Presentation
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PlayMatt Belzner
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OverviewPlay
DefinitionGroupsActivitiesValuePuzzles and Spatial Transformation
Pretend PlayDefinitionReason and SignalsDevelopment and Culture
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Play
Four AspectsFlexibility
Positive Affect
Nonliterality
Intrinsic Motivation
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Mildred B. Parten (1932)Observed 34 preschoolers 1 minute
each
Play GroupsSmall: Less than 5, most groups had only 2Formation of Groups
AskingSubtly JoiningInvitationSubtle Invitation
Gender in Groups
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Mildred B. Parten (1932)If siblings present, stayed with them
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M.B. Parten (1932)Frequency of Activities
Playing in Sandbox – 330
Playing “House”
and with Dolls – 178
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M.B. Parten (1932)Frequency of Activities
Pulling or Hitching Sectional Train – 151
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M.B. Parten (1932)Frequency of Activities
Riding in Kiddie Car – 146
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M.B. Parten (1932)Age Difference
Level of Complexity
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M.B. Parten (1932)Social Value of Play Activities
Cooperation and DisputesDomestic NormsSocial Skills
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Puzzles and Spatial TransformationLevine et al.
Observed children at 2 years of age 6 times up until they were 4 years old
Half played with puzzles, Half did not
Why Puzzles? Why Spatial Transformation?
At 4 years old children were given a spatial transformation task
Puzzle players did better on task
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Pretend Play
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Pretend Play DefinedPretense layered over reality
Projecting some mentally represented alternative on the present situation in the spirit of play
Share an alternate reality
Projecting imaginary objects and properties
Using an object as if it were another
High point is the 3-5 year old range
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Pretend PlayWhy Pretend Play?
Signals of Pretend PlaySound EffectsLaughingSmilesEye ContactExaggeration
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Pretend and Development
Vygotsky
Piaget
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Pretend and DevelopmentLillard et al. (2012)
Nonsocial Cognitive Aptitudes
Social Cognition
Social Skills
Language
Narrative Skills
Self-Regulation
Equifinality
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Pretend and DevelopmentLillard et al. (2012)
Nonsocial Cognitive AptitudesReasoningCreativity, Intelligence, ConservationProblem Solving
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Pretend and DevelopmentLillard et al. (2012)
Language
Narrative Skills
Social Cognition, Self Regulation
Social Skills
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Pretend and CultureNielsen (2012)
Copy Arbitrary Actions
Replicate How Objects Are Used
Transmission of Culture
Rules and Meanings
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Adult Imagination
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Questions?