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COMPARE AND CONTRAST
CLASSIFICATIONDEFINITION
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COMPARE AND CONTRAST ESSAYS
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Purpose Look at similarities and differences Could look just at similarities Could look just at differences Test questions
Ask to compare (specifically for similarities)Ask to contrast (specifically for difference)Compare and/or contrast
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Prewrite
Identify the two topics Generate ideas for similarities and
differences
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ClusterUse two clusters for each subject and pull
out similarities and differences
Prewriting—Clustering
Olive Garden Cheddar’s
Restaurant Restaurant
At Highlands At
Highlands
Italian Food Variety of Food
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Colums for Each Subject
Olive Garden Italian
theme Italian food Expensive At
Highlands
Similarities Restaurant
s Similar
clientele Have bars Hours of
operation
Prewrite—Brainstorm
Columns for Similarities and Differences
Cheddar’s• Tropical
Theme
• Variety of food
• Inexpensive
• At Highlands
Differences Theme Food Prices
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Cheddars
Prewrite—Venn Diagram
Olive Garden
Restaurants
Highlands
Similar Clientele
Bar Area & Main seating area
Similar hours of operation
Italian/Tuscany theme
Italian food
Expensive
Changing menu items (seasonal)
Tropical Theme/design
Food variety, homecooking
Inexpensive
Little to no changes in menu
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Organization—Point-by-Point Alternates b/t 2 subjects, going back and
forth from one subject to anotherApply a point to one subject, then apply
point to next subjectrepeat Discuss points in same order for both
subjects Use when points are complex
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Organization—Point by PointI. Introduction
II. BodyA. Point 1
1. Subj. A
2. Subj. B
B. Point 21. Subj. A
2. Subj. B
C. Point 31. Subj. A
2. Subj. B
III. Conclusion
I. Introduction
II. BodyA. Point 1—Subject A
B. Point 1—Subject B
C. Point 2—Subject A
D. Point 2—Subject B
E. Point 3—Subject A
F. Point 4—Subject B
III. Conclusion
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Why Use Point-by-Point?
Gives a direct comparison on each point Easier for audience to see the
similarities or differences What instructors usually prefer
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Point-by-Point in Sample Essay
Support Paragraph 1 Point: morning routines
○ Boys (with specific details)○ Girls (with specific details)
Support Paragraph 2 Point: school day experiences
○ Boys (with details)○ Girls (with details)
Support Paragraph 3 Point: lunch experiences
○ Boys (with details)○ Girls (with details)
Support Paragraph 4 Point: after school activities
○ Boys (with details)○ Girls (with details)
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Organization: Subject-by-Subject Treat two subjects separately
First half of body—Subject ASecond half of body—Subject B
May want to include point-by-point paragraph in last body paragraphTie in all points about both subjectsSide-by-side comparison of points between
subjects
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Organization: Subject-by-Subject Introduction Body
Subject A pointsSubject A pointsSubject B pointsSubject B points
Conclusion
Introduction Body
Subject A pointsSubject A pointsSubject B pointsSubject B pointsPoint-by-point
comparative summary of points for A and B
ConclusionSimple subject-by-subject gives
audience a list. Audience must
keep track of side by side
comparisonWriter provides side-by-
side comparison
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Coherency: Logical Order Points for point-by-point and subject-by-
subjectLeast important comparative point to most
important point about subjectsDiscuss each point in same order for both
subjects Compare and contrast can be
persuasive writingMight not want to end on a positive note
about the subject you do not favor
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Coherency: Transitions B/t points about subjects in point-by-point
paragraph In TS of body paragraph to move points along Types:
One word (similarly, instead)Phrase (on the other hand, in comparison)Sentence (incorporate words from previous ideas)
Use words appropriate to whether you are comparing or contrasting
Page 217
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Thesis Statement Mention both subjects of comparison Mention whether you will compare or
contrast or both Could mention specific points
For example: Olive Garden and Cheddar’s are similar in the clientele they attract and the quality of employees, but they differ in terms of their menu and cost.Subjects?Compare or contrast?What points to support?
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Writing and After…
Outlines help with first draftsKeep organizedVisual queue that writer pertains each point
to each subject and keeps in order Revision
Read essay and keep side by side list to check points
Make big changes Edit for mistakes
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Checking Your PointsSubject A: Subject B:
Point 1: Point 1:
Point 2: Point 2:
Point 3: Point 3:
Point 4: Point 4:
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Classification Essays
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Purpose
Given a topic into which you break down into parts/categoriesWithin categories are specifics…
○ Vehicles Personal
- Cars—Honda Civic- SUVs—Jeep Liberty
Industrial- Semi-trucks
Mass transit- Bus- Subway
School transit
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When to Use Used when asked to identify components,
kinds, types, categories, parts of a whole Examples:
Psych: child development theoriesScience: parts of a cell, of the bodyHVAC: parts of a heaterCulinary: types of nutrients
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Organize and Develop Main Idea Prewrite ideas and group specifics into
clear and distinct categories Draft a thesis
Identify main topicIdentify the categories OR an overall point
about the main topic
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Structure—Reflect Logical Order
Introduction Body
Support Paragraph 1: first major category○ Explain characteristics of
this category with specific examples
Support paragraph 2: second major category○ Explanation w/examples
Support paragraph 3: third major category○ Explanation w/examples
Conclusion
Introduction Body
Support Paragraph 1: minor category(ies)○ Explain w/examples
Support Paragraph 2: first MAJOR category○ Explain w/examples
Support Paragraph 3: most important category○ Explain w/examples
Conclusion
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Sample Essay (224)
Thesis? Category 1: cars with names of places
Park Avenue, Malibu, Sebring, Daytona Category 2: cars with rough, tough, or
dangerous namesWrangler, Rodeo; Cadillac, Pontiac
Category 3: cars that imply exploration, discoveryLaSalle; Blazer, Explorer, Pathfinder
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Review
Divide a topic into distinct categories Organize based on groups or from minor
to major categories (logical order) Main idea: give overall idea or list of
categories Write, revise, edit
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Definition Essays
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Purpose
More than a one-sentence, formal definitionFormal definition: the term, class term
belongs to, and explanation of what makes that term unique
Provide extended definition
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Purpose
Use one or various patterns of developmentNarrativeExemplificationCause/effectEtc.
Use for complex or abstract terms and ideas
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Prewriting Suggestions
Use focused freewriting Use group brainstorming (talk to
people!)
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Thesis
Considering ideas, what overall impression has writer developed?Complex to define?Goes beyond formal definition?Presents dominant impression?Shows how something occurred?
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Thesis
Include:What term you are definingMain points for each paragraph (divided
thesis) OR an overall theme
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Structure
Various Patterns of Development
One Pattern of Development
Introduction Body
Definition by narration Definition by cause and
effect Definition by
exemplification Conclusion
Introduction Body
Definition by example Additional example(s) Most important example(s)
Conclusion
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Coherency
Generally, follow logical order (save strongest paragraph for last)
Within paragraph patterns, follow order commonly used for each patterni.e., time order for definition by narrationi.e., spatial order for definition by descriptioni.e., logical order for definition by argument
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Coherency—Transitions
Words and phrases w/in paragraphs to move supporting sentences along
Phrases w/in topic sentences to move major points along in an essay
Use repetitive language or refer to previous concepts to tie ideas together
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Sample Essay (230)
Thesis? Divided or overall message? Support paragraph one
Pattern: Compare/contrast point-by-point (non-street smart versus street smart person)
Support paragraph twoPattern: Compare/contrast subject-by-
subject Support paragraph three
Pattern: exemplification
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Journal
Identify similarities and differences between two jobs that you have held.
What types of courses will be most useful for your major?
What does it mean to be “successful”?
Pick one topic and spend about 20 minutes writing about it. Check your work.