Download - Quantum Wave Model
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Quantum Wave Model
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Electron Configuration
• 4 subshells• S, P, D, F
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S Subshell• Spherical in Shape – enables the electrons to
surround the nucleus of the atom• Lowest energy level• 1 orbital (each orbital holds 2 e-)• Holds 2 e-
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P Subshell• Dumbbell shaped and can be oriented in
space in one of three ways.• 3 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-)• Holds up to 6e-
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D Subshell• Dumbbell shaped• 5 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-)• Holds 10 e-
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F Subshell• Dumbbell shaped• Greatest energy• 7 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-)• Holds 14 e-
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Orbital Diagrams
• Orbital Diagrams: Electrons enter the electron configuration (orbital diagram) pattern beginning at the lowest energy and filling the pattern to the highest energy.
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Hund’s Rule
• Hund’s Rule: Electrons enter the each orbital individually until all orbitals are half filled before pairing with other electrons in the subshell.
• In other words – one electron per orbital until all orbitals are filled, then 2nd electron can be placed in each orbital.
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Pauli Exclusion Principle
• Pauli Exclusion Principle: an orbital can contain no more than two electrons and those two electrons must be paired,
• In other words, electrons must have opposite spin (usually indicated by one up-arrow and one down-arrow).
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Feeling Overwhelmed?
"Teacher, may I be excused? My brain is full."
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• Modern Atomic Structure
• Space Filling Model for Scandium
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__1s__ / __ __ __2s 2p__ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __3s 3p 3d__ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __4s 4p 4d 4f __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __5s 5p 5d 5f __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __6s 6p 6d 6f
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How many energy levels are there?
• 7
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The ___ represents?
• The orbital
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What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in one
orbital• 2
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How many subshells are in the second energy level?
• 2• 2s and 2p
How many electrons are in this energy level?8
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How many orbitals are in the f subshell?
• 7
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How many electrons will the third energy level hold?
• 18
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What four letters represent the subshells?
• S• P• D• F
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1s2, 2s2, 2p6,3s23p6
• This is called the _________Configuration• Electron
• What element does this electron configuration represent?
• Argon
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The number 2 in 2p6 represents the
• Energy level
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The letter p in 2p6 represents the number of
• Valence Electrons
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What is the maximum number of electrons the 4d subshell can hold?
• 10
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What is an easy way to determine the number of valence electrons?
• Look at the periodic table and determine the family the element is in.
Family I – 1 valence electronFamily II – 2 valence electronsFamily III – 3 valence electronsFamily IV – 4 valence electronsFamily V – 5 valence electronsFamily VI – 6 valence electronsFamily VII – 7 valence electronsFamily VIII – 8 valence electrons