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Table of Contents

• Treble Clef Notes• Bass Clef Notes• Grand Staff Notes• Flat Key Signatures• Sharp Key Signatures

• Rhythms in 4/4 Time• Rhythms in 6/8 Time• Dynamics• Navigating Music• Musical Terms

Treble Clef Notes

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Bass Clef Notes

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Flat Key Signatures • How to find Do (Major)• How to find La (Minor)• 0 Flats• 1 Flat• 2 Flats• 3 Flats• 4 Flats• 5 Flats• 6 Flats• 7 Flats Table of Contents

How to find the Major Key

– Write down which flats have been used.– Find the last flat.– Go back one flat and circle it.– The 2nd to last flat = Do

• OR– Last flat = Fa– Count down to Do from Fa

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How to find the Minor Key

– Find Do– Count down to La– La = Minor key

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0 Flats

• Flats used: None• Major: C Minor: a

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1 Flat

• Flats used: Bb

• Major: F Minor: dTable of Contents

2 Flats

• Flats used: Bb, Eb

• Major: Bb Minor: gTable of Contents

3 Flats

• Flats used: Bb, Eb, Ab

• Major: Eb Minor: cTable of Contents

4 Flats

• Flats used: Bb, Eb, Ab, Db

• Major: Ab Minor: fTable of Contents

5 Flats

• Flats used: Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb

• Major: Db Minor: bb

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6 Flats

• Flats used: Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb

• Major: Gb Minor: eb

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7 Flats

• Flats used: Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb, Fb

• Major: Cb Minor: ab

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Sharp Key Signatures • How to find Do (Major)• How to find La (Minor)• 0 Sharps• 1 Sharp• 2 Sharps• 3 Sharps• 4 Sharps• 5 Sharps• 6 Sharps• 7 Sharps

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How to Find the Key– Write down which sharps have been used.– Find the last sharp.– Go to the next letter in alphabet.– The next letter = Key– Check to see if the letter has been used. If yes,

add a #. If no, then you’re done.OR

– Last # = Ti– Go to the next letter name!

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0 Sharps

• Sharps used: None• Major: C Minor: a

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1 Sharp

• Sharps used: F#• Major: G Minor: e

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2 Sharps

• Sharps used: F#, C#• Major: D Minor: b

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3 Sharps

• Sharps used: F#, C#, G#• Major: A Minor: f#

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4 Sharps

• Sharps used: F#, C#, G#, D#• Major: E Minor: c#

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5 Sharps

• Sharps used: F#, C#, G#, D#, A#• Major: B Minor: g#

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6 Sharps

• Sharps used: F#, C#, G#, D#, A#, E#• Major: F# Minor: d#

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7 Sharps

• Sharps used: F#, C#, G#, D#, A#, E#, B#• Major: C# Minor: a#

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Rhythms in 4/4 Time

• Note and Rest Values• Quarter Notes/Rests• Eighth Notes/Rests• Half Notes/Rests• Whole Notes/Rests• 16th Notes• Ties• Triplets• Dotted Quarter Notes• Dotted Half Notes Table of Contents

Note and Rest Values

Whole Note 4 Counts Whole Rest 4 Counts

Half Note 2 Counts Half Rest 2 Counts

Quarter Note 1 Count Quarter Rest 1 Count

Eighth Note ½ Count Eighth Rest ½ Count

1/16th Note ¼ Count 1/16th Rest ¼ Count

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CountingQuarter Notes/Rests

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4)

Rests will always be in parenthesis. (1)

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Eighth Notes/Rests

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 (+) 2 (+) 3 (+)4 (+) (1) + (2) + (3) + (4) +

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Half Notes/Rests

1_2 3_4 1 2_3 4 (1_2) (3_4) (1) (2_3) (4)

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1_2_3_4 (1_2_3_4)

Whole Notes/Rests

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1 e + a 2 e + a 3 e + a 4 e + a

Sixteenth Notes

1 e + 2 e + 3 e + 4 e + 1 + a 2 + a 3 + a 4 + a

1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 1 e 2 e 3 e 4 e 1 e a 2 e a 3 e a 4 e a

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Tie• A tie adds an underscore between the two tied notes.

1_2_3 4_1 2 +_3 4

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1 la li 2 la li 3 la li 4 la li 1 la li 3 la li

Triplets

1 la li 2 la li 4 la li

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Dotted Quarter Notes

1_+_2 + 3_+_4 + 1 2_+_3 + 4 1_2_3 4

1 +_2_+ 3 +_4_+ 1 2 +_3_+ 4

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Dotted Half Notes

1 2_3_4 1_2_3 4

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Rhythms 6/8 Time

• Notes/Rests Values• Eighth Notes/Rests• Dotted Quarter Notes• Quarter Notes/Rests

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Note and Rest Values

Dotted Half Note

6 Counts Dotted Half Rest

6 Counts

Quarter Note 3 Counts Dotted Quarter Rest

1 Count

Eighth Note ½ Count Eighth Rest ½ Count

1/16th Note ¼ Count 1/16th Rest ¼ Count

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Eighth Notes/Rests

1 2 3 4 5 6 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

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Dotted Quarter Notes

1_2_3 4_5_6 (1_2_3) (4_5_6)

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CountingQuarter Notes/Rests

1_2 3_4 5_6 (1_2) (3_4) (5_6)

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Half Notes

1 2_3 1_2 3

Dotted Half Notes/Rests

1_2_3_4_5_6 (1_2_3_4_5_6)

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Dynamics

Dynamics tell you how strong or soft to perform the music.

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Types of Piano

• Piano (Italian)– Soft (English)– Symbol - p

• Mezzo Piano (Italian)– Medium Soft (English)– Symbol - mp

• Pianissimo (Italian)– Very Soft (English)– Symbol – pp

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Types of Forte

• Forte (Italian)– Strong/Loud (English)– Symbol - f

• Mezzo Forte (Italian)– Medium Strong/Loud (English)– Symbol - mf

• Fortissimo (Italian)– Very Strong/Loud (English)– Symbol - ff

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Other Dynamics

• Crescendo (Italian)– Gradually get stronger/louder (English)– Symbol -

• Decrescendo (Italian)– Gradually get softer (English)– Symbol -

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Order of Dynamics

pp p mp mf f ff f mf mp p ppCrescendo Decrescendo

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Navigating Music

How to navigate music like a pro.

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Vocabulary

• Repeat Sign – repeat music in between the sign

• Capo – means head, but you go to the beginning of the song.

• Segno – means sign, but you go to the sign.• Coda – means tail, but it is the end of the

song.

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D.C. al Coda

• When you see D.C. al Coda go back to the beginning of the song.

• When you get to the coda sign, jump to the coda sign at the end of the song.

Start D.C. al Coda Beginning end

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D.S. al Coda

• When you see D.S. al Coda go back to the sign.• When you get to the coda sign, jump to the

coda sign at the end of the song.

• Start D.S. al Coda

endTable of Contents

Vocab Help

• A-C• D• E-L• M-R• S-Z

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Vocab Help A-C

• Accent – sing the note so that it sticks out• Augmented Triad – Do Mi Si• Bar Line – divides two measures• Bass Clef – lower notes• Beat – the steady pulse in music• Coda – means tail or the end of the song• Counting – how we measure the beat in music

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Vocab Help D

• Da Capo – D.C. means the head or beginning of the song

• Del Segno – D.S. means the sign.• D.C. al Coda – go back to the beginning and sing

until the coda• Diminished Triad – La Do Me• Dot – adds half the value of the note.• Double Bar Line – end the song• D.S. al Coda – go back to the sign and sing until

the coda• Dynamics – how loud or soft you sing Table of Contents

Vocab Help E-M• Flat – lowers a note by a half step• Grand Staff – when the treble clef and bass clef are

seen together.• Harmony – when you sing two different things at the

same time• Key Signature – tells us which notes are sharped or

flatted in the song.• Legato – means to sing smooth and connected• Major Scale – using all notes from Do to Do• Major Triad – Do Mi Sol• Measure – the notes between two bar lines• Minor Triad – La Do Mi Table of Contents

Vocab Help M-R

• Major Scale – using all notes from Do to Do• Major Triad – Do Mi Sol• Measure – the notes between two bar lines• Minor Triad – La Do Mi• Natural – unflats or unsharps a note• Pick up – start the few notes before the measure• Pitch – how high or low a note sounds• Repeat Sign – tells you to perform the previous

music a second time.• Rhythm – pattern of long and short sound and

silenceTable of Contents

Vocab Help S-Z• Sharp – makes a note a half step higher.• Slur – means to sing the notes legato• Staff – the 5 lines and 4 spaces we use to determine pitch.• Staccato – sing the notes short and separated• Tempo – how fast or slow the beat is• Tie – when two notes are sung together without any

break • Time Signature – tells how many counts per measure and

what note equals one count• Treble Clef – higher notes• Triplet – squeezing 3 notes in the space of 2• Unison – when everyone is singing the same thing at the

same time Table of Contents