1
RAPFISH 2
1. Presenting Rapfish results
2. Example from small pelagic fisheries
3. Example from sport fishing status
4. Using Rapfish to evaluate compliance with the FAO Code of Conduct
5. Papers published using Rapfish
Towards Ecosystem-Based Management Rapid Appraisal of Status
RekyavikRekyavik, February 2006, February 2006
RAPFISH:
Presenting the Results Presenting the Results
2
Ecological - b
ICspgICsum
BFun W
BFun S
Balt
NS 97
Nor96
Jap sar
Bra sarSA sar
Adsar lamAdsar vol
MexCz sar
Peranc75
Peranc69
Adanc vol
Adanc lam
Jap SET anc
Jap anc
SA anc
BADGOOD
Small Pelagic fisheries – Ecological Rapfish ordination
Ecological REcological RAPFISHAPFISH for Canadian Fisheriesfor Canadian Fisheries
GoodBad
snow crab Area19
lobstershrimp
cod mackerel
herring E
capelin
herring spawn-on-
kelp
ling
salmon
trawl
herring W
halibut
0 20 40 60 80 100
Presentation Rapfish plot
3
How to label x,y points in Excel ?How to label x,y points in Excel ?
Use Label Points VB subroutine
Install tricksCopy ‘Form’ and ‘Module’
Ecological - a
BC76BC96
BC66
BC62
BC50BAD GOOD
Nor96
Nor90
Nor50
Nor80
Nor70
Nor60
NS97
NS90
NS80
NS75
NS64NS50
Herring – 2DTime series plot - Ecological Rapfish ordination
4
Ecological
0
20
40
60
80
100
1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
perc
enta
ge s
core
Norwegian SS herringBC herringNorth Sea herring
Rapfish Time series plot:Ecological Evaluation field - Herring
Social
Alternative plots for Rapfish scores
Histogram of scores for 2 sites compared
5
SokTrol
SokSen
SokGil
PkTrol
PkSen
PkGil
CohTrol
CohSen
CohGil
CmTrol
CmSen
CmGil
ChiTrol
ChiSen
ChinGil
SalTrol
SalSen
SalGil
Ling96
Ling89
HerSpw
PacHerPacHal
Grnd97
NShpESNShp
SClp
CodOff
CodIn
CodTrw
CodTap
CodHan
CodGilMakDinMakAt
LobDing
Lob
BFun W
BFunS
SnCb19
SnwCb
Cap
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Alternative plots for Rapfish scores
‘Genetic distance’plot
Fishery Ethical Ecological Technical Economic Social Herring spawn-on-kelp 1 4 2 1 1 Herring, Zone 4WX, Weir (NS) 2 30 4 20 10 Northern Cod (2J3KL), Handlines 3 37 1 36 15 Salmon, Sockeye, Troll 4 3 11 18 9 Northern Cod (2J3KL), Traps 5 39 3 38 26 Northern Cod Inshore 6 38 10 35 30 Scallops 7 27 28 33 11 Crab (Snow), Area 19 (NS) 8 28 12 26 2 Salmon, Chinook, Troll 9 14 14 11 5 Salmon, Troll 10 12 18 17 4 Lobster, Dingwall (NS) 11 29 7 25 17 Salmon, Pink, Troll 12 6 17 21 8 Salmon, Coho, Troll 13 18 16 8 7 Shrimp (northern), E. Scotian Shelf Trawl 14 2 33 28 24 Salmon, Chum, Troll 15 5 15 13 6 Northern Cod (2J3KL), Gillnet 16 40 13 37 32 Caplin (NF) 17 19 27 41 13 Lobster (Atlantic) 18 24 7 29 14 Shrimp (northern) (NF) 19 32 32 32 31 Mackerel, Dingwall (NS) 20 17 30 34 3 Northern Cod (2J3KL), Trawls (otter) 21 41 42 40 41 Mackerel (Atlantic) 22 23 25 42 27 Crab (Snow) 23 34 9 31 12 Herring, Zone 4WX, Seine (NS) 24 26 26 27 29 Salmon, Sockeye, Gillnet 25 9 24 19 18 Salmon, Gillnet 26 13 19 16 23 Salmon, Chinook, Gillnet 27 10 20 9 22 Salmon, Coho, Gillnet 28 25 22 12 20 Salmon, Chum, Gillnet 29 7 21 14 21 Salmon, Pink, Gillnet 30 8 23 22 19 Halibut 31 1 29 23 28 Herring, 1996 32 11 31 24 16 Lingcod, 1996 33 21 5 15 40 Northern Cod Offshore 34 42 41 39 42 Salmon, Pink, Seine 35 20 39 10 35 Salmon, Chum, Seine 36 16 37 5 37 Salmon, Seine 37 31 35 7 39 Salmon, Sockeye, Seine 38 22 36 6 34 Lingcod, 1989, SoG 39 15 5 30 25 Salmon, Coho, Seine 40 36 40 4 36 Salmon, Chinook, Seine 41 33 38 3 38 Groundfish trawl 42 35 34 2 33
Comparing rank orders of Rapfish scores in different fields
Alternative plots for Rapfishscores
Rank Order
Top Quartile Ethics
Bottom Quartile Ethics
Top 2
Bottom 2
6
Technical 0.08
Economic 0.34 -0.15
Social 0.46 0.55 -0.03
Ethical 0.05 0.64 -0.36 0.68
Ecological Technol. Economic Social Ethical
Code 0.36 0.26 0.52 0.35 0.12
Correlations among rank orders of 42 Canadian fisheries analyzed by Rapfishin six fields. Shaded cells are non significant at the 5% level. (Spearman non-parametric correlations).
Correlations of Rapfish score rank orders in different fields
Alternative plots for Rapfishscores
Rank Order
Presentation Kite Presentation Kite Diagram Diagram
Country Scores (preliminary): Sea Around Us North Atlantic Project
7
Presentation Kite Presentation Kite Diagram Diagram
Country Scores (preliminary): Sea Around Us North Atlantic Project
RAPFISH 2
1. Presenting Rapfish results
2. Example from small pelagic fisheries
3. Example from sport fishing status
4. Using Rapfish to evaluate compliance with the FAO Code of Conduct
5. Papers published using Rapfish
Towards Ecosystem-Based Management Rapid Appraisal of Status
RekyavikRekyavik, February 2006, February 2006
8
From:
Pitcher, T.J. and Preikshot, D.B. (2001) Rapfish: A Rapid Appraisal Technique to Evaluate the Sustainability Status of Fisheries. Fisheries Research 49(3): 255-270.
Using data from:
Pitcher, T.J., S. Mackinson, M. Vasconcellos, L. Nøttestad and Preikshot, D.B. (1998) Rapid appraisal of the status of fisheries for small pelagics using multivariate, multidisciplinary ordination. Pages 759-782 in T.J. Quinn II, F. Funk. J. Heifetz, J.N. Ianelli, J.E. Powers, J.F. Schweigert, P.J. Sullivan, C.-I. Zhang (eds), Fishery
Stock Assessment Models. Alaska Sea Grant, Fairbanks. 1037pp.
RAPFISH:
Example from small pelagicExample from small pelagicfisheries using kites fisheries using kites
Scores combined hierarchically Scores combined hierarchically
Aecol.
econ.
social
tecn.
Atlantic herring
Pacific herring
Rapfish on Small pelagics – Multidisciplinary kite
Atlantic v Pacific herring
9
Becol.
econ.
social
tecn.
Sardine
Anchovy
Rapfish on Small pelagics – Multidisciplinary kite
Sardine v Anchovy fisheries
D ecol.
econ.
social
tecn.
Fixed gear
Mobile gear
Rapfish on Small pelagics – Multidisciplinary kite
Gear types overall
10
Fecol.
econ.
social
tecn.
Peru 69
Peru 75
Rapfish on Small pelagics – Multidisciplinary kite
Peruvian anchovy pre and post collapse
E ecol.
econ.
social
tecn.
1996
1950
Rapfish on Small pelagics – Multidisciplinary kite –
1950s versus 1990 s
12
Cecol.
econ.
social
tecn.
Volante
Lampara
Rapfish on Small pelagics – Multidisciplinary kite –
Adriatic bluefish gear types
RAPFISH 2
1. Presenting Rapfish results
2. Example from small pelagic fisheries
3. Example from sport fishing status
4. Using Rapfish to evaluate compliance with the FAO Code of Conduct
5. Papers published using Rapfish
Towards Ecosystem-Based Management Rapid Appraisal of Status
RekyavikRekyavik, February 2006, February 2006
13
W. Heath Robinson (1935) Railway Ribaldry. (detail) Great Western Railway, Paddington, London. 96pp
RRAPFISH APFISH for Sport Fisheriesfor Sport Fisheries
Five Evaluation FieldsFive Evaluation Fields
1. Fishing experience1. Fishing experience
2. Ecology2. Ecology
3. Economics3. Economics
4. Social 4. Social
5. Management performance5. Management performance
QuestionnaireQuestionnaire
14
RRAPFISH: Ecology APFISH: Ecology ECOLOGICAL EVALUATIONECOLOGICAL EVALUATION
1. Assessment Status of Fish Stock1. Assessment Status of Fish Stock
2. Habitat status2. Habitat status
3. Size/Age Limits 3. Size/Age Limits
4. By4. By--catch Minimizedcatch Minimized
5. Protected 5. Protected SpawnersSpawners
6. Exotics/Introduced Species and Food 6. Exotics/Introduced Species and Food
Web EffectsWeb Effects
7. Mortality on Target Species7. Mortality on Target Species
Questionnaire:Questionnaire:Strongly Agree; Agree; Neutral; DisagreeStrongly Agree; Agree; Neutral; Disagree; Strongly Disagree; Strongly Disagree
Evaluation of Evaluation of Fishing Fishing ExperienceExperience
Monte Carlo Monte Carlo simulations simulations for for uncertainty uncertainty
RRAPFISHAPFISH: Uncertainty 1: Uncertainty 1RAPFISH Ordination - Monte Carlo Scatter Plot
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
0 20 40 60 80 100
Fisheries Status Ratings
Oth
er
Dis
tingis
hin
g F
eatu
res
15
All FieldsAll Fields
Leverage of Leverage of AttributesAttributes
< 8% is good< 8% is good
MDS stress <0.2MDS stress <0.2
RRAPFISHAPFISH: Uncertainty 2: Uncertainty 2Leverage (SE %)
0 1 2 3 4 5
Value
Size
Crowding
Ecol impact
Facilites
Catch rate
Regulations
Leverage (SE %) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Mortality
Spawning
Size
Assess
Food Web
By-catch
Habitat
Leverage (SE %) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Marketing
Profit
Jobs
Forex
Benefit
Spending
Leverage (SE %) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Co-'ment
Conflcit
Jobs
Owenership
Diversity
Tenure
Leverage (SE %) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Costs
Habitat
Aims
Data
Comm'cn
Access
Effect'ness
Compliance
ExamplesExamplesof of RapfishRapfishSignaturesSignatures
RRAPFISHAPFISH: Results Kite: Results Kite
Relative status across all fields at a glanceRelative status across all fields at a glance
Ecol
Econ
SocManage
Exper
maxFloridaKenlinChinL1
16
CorrelationsSpearman's rho ECON 0.29
SOC 0.51 0.19MAN -0.09 0.26 0.29
EXPER 0.71 0.63 0.56 0.26ECOL ECON SOC MAN
Correlation is significant at the .05 level (2-tailed)Correlation is significant at the .01 level (2-tailed)
Fishing experience linked to Ecol, Econ, Social EvaluationFishing experience linked to Ecol, Econ, Social EvaluationManagement performanceManagement performance NOT correlatedNOT correlated
RRAPFISHAPFISH: Correlation matrix: Correlation matrix
RAPFISH 2
1. Presenting Rapfish results
2. Example from small pelagic fisheries
3. Example from sport fishing status
4. Using Rapfish to evaluate compliance with the FAO Code of Conduct
5. Papers published using Rapfish
Towards Ecosystem-Based Management Rapid Appraisal of Status
RekyavikRekyavik, February 2006, February 2006
17
Aims Aims
FAO (1995) Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. FAO, Rome, 41pp.
This Code sets out principles and This Code sets out principles and international standards of behaviour international standards of behaviour for responsible practices with a view for responsible practices with a view to ensuring the effective conservation, to ensuring the effective conservation, management and development of management and development of living aquatic resources, with due living aquatic resources, with due respect for the ecosystem and respect for the ecosystem and biodiversity.biodiversity.
.. recognizes the nutritional, economic, .. recognizes the nutritional, economic, social, environmental and cultural social, environmental and cultural importance of fisheries and the importance of fisheries and the interests of all those concerned with interests of all those concerned with the fishery sector. the fishery sector.
18
HistoryHistory
1919thth FAO Committee on Fisheries (COFI) March 1991FAO Committee on Fisheries (COFI) March 1991CancCancûûnn Declaration on Responsible Fishing May 1992 Declaration on Responsible Fishing May 1992 Agenda 21 of UNCED Rio Summit June 1992 Agenda 21 of UNCED Rio Summit June 1992 FAO Technical Consultation September 1992FAO Technical Consultation September 1992102102ndnd FAO Council November 1992FAO Council November 19922020thth COFI COFI fast trackfast track March 1993 March 1993 Working Group February 1994Working Group February 1994Technical Consultation October 1994Technical Consultation October 1994107107thth FAO Council November 1994FAO Council November 19942121st st COFI March 1995COFI March 1995Working Group March 1995Working Group March 1995Ministerial Meeting March 1995Ministerial Meeting March 1995108108thth FAO Council April 1995FAO Council April 1995Technical Committee June 1995 & September 1995Technical Committee June 1995 & September 19952828thth FAO Conference FAO Conference adoptedadopted 31 October 199531 October 1995
Article 2
10 Objectives10 Objectives
a. establish principles .. for responsible a. establish principles .. for responsible fishing and fisheries activities .. biological, fishing and fisheries activities .. biological, technological, economic, social, technological, economic, social, environmental and commercial aspects environmental and commercial aspects
b. implementation of national policies for b. implementation of national policies for responsible conservation of fisheries responsible conservation of fisheries resources ..resources ..
c. serve as an instrument of reference to help c. serve as an instrument of reference to help States ..States ..
d. provide guidance .. legal instruments, both d. provide guidance .. legal instruments, both binding and voluntary binding and voluntary
19
10 Objectives 10 Objectives ……
e. promote .. cooperation in conservation of e. promote .. cooperation in conservation of fisheries resources and fisheries fisheries resources and fisheries management and development management and development
f. promote .. food security and food quality f. promote .. food security and food quality
g. promote protection of living aquatic g. promote protection of living aquatic resources .. environments and coastal resources .. environments and coastal areas areas
h. promote .. trade in conformity with h. promote .. trade in conformity with international rules; international rules;
i. promote research on fisheries .. ecosystems i. promote research on fisheries .. ecosystems
j. provide standards of conduct for all .. j. provide standards of conduct for all .. involved in the fisheries sectorinvolved in the fisheries sector
Article 2
ArticlesArticles
Article 1 : Nature and scope of the Code Article 1 : Nature and scope of the Code Article 2 : Objectives of the Code Article 2 : Objectives of the Code Article 3 : Relationship with other international Article 3 : Relationship with other international
instruments instruments Article 4 : Implementation, monitoring and updating Article 4 : Implementation, monitoring and updating Article 5 : Special requirements of developing countries Article 5 : Special requirements of developing countries Article 6 : General principles Article 6 : General principles Article 7 : Fisheries management Article 7 : Fisheries management Article 8 : Fishing operations Article 8 : Fishing operations Article 9 : Aquaculture development Article 9 : Aquaculture development Article 10: Integration of fisheries into coastal area Article 10: Integration of fisheries into coastal area
management management Article 11: PostArticle 11: Post--harvest practices and trade harvest practices and trade Article 12: Fisheries research Article 12: Fisheries research
20
Oh yes; we are doing just fine really …
thank you for asking.
Overcapacity? Us?
Asking Countries to score their own performance?Asking Countries to score their own performance?
Developed by:Tony J. Pitcher and Daniela Kalikoski
With thanks to : Andrew Bakun, Tim Bostock, John Caddy, Kevern Cochrane, Serge Garcia, Richard Grainger, Purwito Martosubroto(FAO, Rome)
RAPFISH:
Evaluation of Compliance with Evaluation of Compliance with the Code of Conductthe Code of Conduct
CCODE OF ODE OF CCONDUCT FOR ONDUCT FOR RRESPONSIBLE ESPONSIBLE FFISHERIESISHERIES
21
FAO Code of Conduct: Article 7 FAO Code of Conduct: Article 7 -- ManagementManagement
Stocks, Fleets & Gear
MCS
Social & Economic
Framework
Precaution
Objectives
3. Framework
1. General
4. Data, Advice, & Gear
7. Implementation
6. Measures
5. Precaution & Economic
8. Financial
Intentions
Results
Article 7 of FAO Code
Rapfish compliance fields
2. Objectives
Article 7
FAO Code of Conduct: Article 7 ComplianceFAO Code of Conduct: Article 7 Compliance
Stocks, Fleets & Gear
MCS
Social & Economic
Framework
Precaution
Objectives
3. Framework
1. General
4. Data, Advice, & Gear
7. Implementation
6. Measures
5. Precaution & Economic
8. Financial
Intentions
Results
Article 7 of FAO Code
Rapfish compliance fields
2. Objectives
Article 7
22
Pitcher, T.J. (1999) Rapfish, A Rapid Appraisal Technique For Fisheries, And Its Application To The Code Of Conduct For Responsible Fisheries. FAO Fisheries Circular No. 947: 47pp.
Compliance Compliance
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
OB
JEC
TIV
ES
FRA
ME
WO
RK
PRE
CA
UT
ION
AR
Y A
PPR
OA
CH
STO
CK
S, F
LE
ET
S &
GE
AR
SOC
IAL
& E
CO
NO
MIC
MC
S
MANAGEMENT INTENTIONS
MANAGEMENT RESULTS
CCRF Management Objectives
ArgBraz
Can
Chil
ChinInd
MalayMexMyan
Norw
Pak
Peru
Phil
Thai
Turk
USA
VietBad Good
0 20 40 60 80 100
CCRF Compliance Score, %
Oth
er D
istin
gish
ing
Feat
ures
Compliance Compliance Examples: 17 countriesExamples: 17 countries
23
CCRF Framework
Arg
Braz
Can
ChilChin
Ind
MalayMex
Myan
Norw
Pak
Peru
Phil
Thai
Turk
USAViet
Bad Good
0 20 40 60 80 100
CCRF Compliance Score, %
Oth
er D
istin
gish
ing
Feat
ures
Compliance Compliance Examples: 17 countriesExamples: 17 countries
CCRF Stocks, Fleets & Gear
Arg
BrazCan
Chil
ChinInd
Malay Mex
Myan
Norw
PakPeru
Phil
ThaiTurk
USA
VietBad Good
0 20 40 60 80 100
CCRF Compliance Score, %
Oth
er D
istin
gish
ing
Feat
ures
Compliance Compliance Examples: 17 countriesExamples: 17 countries
24
CCRF Precautionary Approach
Arg
Braz
Can
Chil
Chin
IndMalay
Mex
Myan
Norw
Pak
Peru
Phil
Thai
Turk
USA
Viet
Bad Good
0 20 40 60 80 100
CCRF Compliance Score, %
Oth
er D
istin
gish
ing
Feat
ures
Compliance Compliance Examples: 17 countriesExamples: 17 countries
CCRF Social & Economic
Arg
Braz
Can
Chil
ChinInd
Malay
Mex
Myan
NorwPak
Peru
Phil
Thai
Turk
USA
VietBad Good
0 20 40 60 80 100
CCRF Compliance Score, %
Oth
er D
istin
gish
ing
Feat
ures
Compliance Compliance Examples: 17 countriesExamples: 17 countries
25
CCRF Monitoring, Control & Surveillance
Arg
Braz
Can
Chil
Chin
Ind
MalayMex
Myan
Norw
Pak
Peru
Phil
Thai
Turk
USA
Viet
Bad Good
0 20 40 60 80 100
CCRF Compliance Score, %
Oth
er D
istin
gish
ing
Feat
ures
Compliance Compliance Examples: 17 countriesExamples: 17 countries
Com
pli
an
ce
Com
pli
an
ce
Exa
mp
les:
17
cou
ntr
ies
Exa
mp
les:
17
cou
ntr
ies
CCRF Performance Kite
Objectives
Framework
PrecautionSoc&Econ
MCS
CanadaMyanmar
CCRF Performance Kite
Objectives
Framework
PrecautionSoc&Econ
MCS
NorwayTurkey
CCRF Performance Kite
Objectives
Framework
PrecautionSoc&Econ
MCS
USABrazilArgentinaPeruChileMexico
CCRF Performance Kite
Objectives
Framework
PrecautionSoc&Econ
MCS
Viet NamThailandPakistanChinaIndiaMalaysiaMyanmar
26
CCRF Intentions
Arg
Braz
Can
ChilChin
Ind
Malay
Mex
Myan
Norw
Pak
PeruPhil
ThaiTurk
USA
Viet
0
20
40
60
80
100
Com
plia
nce
with
CCR
F, %
CCRF Actions
Viet
USA
TurkThai
Phil
Peru
Pak
Norw
Myan
MexMalay
Ind
ChinChil
Can
BrazArg
0
20
40
60
80
100
Com
plia
nce
with
CCR
F, %
CCRF Compliance
Viet
USA
TurkThai
Phil
Peru
Pak
Norw
Myan
MexMalay
Ind
ChinChil
Can
Braz
Arg
0
20
40
60
80
100
Com
plia
nce
with
CCR
F, %
Compliance Compliance Examples: 17 countriesExamples: 17 countries
RAPFISH 2
1. Presenting Rapfish results
2. Example from small pelagic fisheries
3. Example from sport fishing status
4. Using Rapfish to evaluate compliance with the FAO Code of Conduct
5. Papers published using Rapfish
Towards Ecosystem-Based Management Rapid Appraisal of Status
RekyavikRekyavik, February 2006, February 2006
27
RAPFISH:
Publications Publications
RAPFISH: Publications 1
Anonymous (2002) Laporan Teknis Riset Indikator Kelautan dan Perikanan Tahun 2002, (Technical Report of the Research on Indicators of Marine Affairs and Fisheries in 2002). Research Centre for Product Processing and Socio-Economics of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. Jakarta. 74 p. (In Indonesian).
Alder, J. Pitcher, T.J., Preikshot, D., Kaschner, K. and Ferriss, B. (2000) Rapfish estimates - how good is good? Pages 136 - 182 in Pauly, D. and Pitcher T.J. (eds) Methods for assessing the impact of fisheries on marine ecosystems of the North Atlantic. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 8(2): 195pp.
Alder, J., Zeller, D., Pitcher, T.J. and Sumaila, U.R., (2002) A Method for Evaluating Marine Protected Area Management. Coastal Management. 30: 121-131.
Baeta, F., Pinheiro, A., Corte-Real, M., Costa, J. L., de Almeida, P. R., Cabral, H., Costa, M. J., 2005. Are the fisheries in the Tagus estuary sustainable? Fisheries Research, 76:(2) 243-251.
Kavanagh, P. and Pitcher, T.J. (2004) Implementing Microsoft Excel Software for Rapfish: A Technique for the Rapid Appraisal of Fisheries Status. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 12(2): 75pp.
Pauly, D. and Chuenpagdee, R. (2003) Development of fisheries in the Gulf of Thailand Large Marine Ecosystem: Analysis of an unplanned experiment Pages 337-354 in Hempel, G. and Sherman, K. (eds) Large Marine Ecosystems of the World: Trends in Exploitation, Protection, and Research. Elsevier, Holland. 423pp.
Pitcher, T.J. (2003) The compleat angler and the management of aquatic ecosystems. Pages 3-7 in Coleman, A.P.M. (ed) Regional Experiences for Global Solutions. Proceedings of the 3rd World Recreational Fisheries Conference, Darwin, Australia May 2002. Northern Territories Fisheries Report 67: 269 pp.
28
RAPFISH: Publications 2
Pitcher, T.J. (1999) Rapfish, A Rapid Appraisal Technique For Fisheries, And Its Application To The Code Of Conduct For Responsible Fisheries. FAO Fisheries Circular No. FIRM/C: No. 947: 47pp.
Pitcher, T.J. and Preikshot, D. (1998) Rapid Appraisal of the Status of West African Distant Water Fleet Fisheries Relative to Home Fleets using the RAPFISH Technique. Pages 90 - 93 in Bonfil, R., Munro, G., Sumaila, U.R., Valtysson, H., Wright, M., Pitcher, T., Preikshot, D., Haggan, N. and Pauly, D. (eds) Distant water fleets: an ecological, economic and social assessment. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 6 (6): 111pp.
Pitcher, T.J. and Preikshot, D.B. (2001) Rapfish: A Rapid Appraisal Technique to Evaluate the Sustainability Status of Fisheries. Fisheries Research 49(3): 255-270.
Pitcher, T.J. and Preikshot, D.B. (1999) Rapfish: A Rapid Appraisal Technique to Evaluate the Sustainability Status of Fisheries. In Craig, J. (ed) ICLARM Workshop On Lake Nasser’s Fisheries.
Pitcher, T.J. and Power, M.P. (2000) Fish Figures: Quantifying the Ethical Status of Canadian Fisheries, East and West. Pages 225-253 in Coward, H., Ommer, R. and Pitcher, T.J. (eds). Just Fish: the ethics of Canadian fisheries. Institute of Social and Economic Research Press, St John's, Newfoundland, 304 pp.
Pitcher, T.J., Bundy, A., Preikshot, D., Hutton, T. and Pauly, D (1998a) Measuring the unmeasurable: a multivariate interdisciplinary method for rapid appraisal of health of fisheries. Pages 31-54 in Pitcher, T.J. Hart, P.J.B. and Pauly, D. (Eds) Reinventing Fisheries Management Chapman and Hall, London. 435pp.
RAPFISH: Publications 2
Pitcher, T.J., S. Mackinson, M. Vasconcellos, L. Nøttestad and D. Preikshot (1999) Rapid appraisal of the status of fisheries for small pelagics using multivariate, multidisciplinary ordination. Pages 759-782 in T.J. Quinn II, F. Funk, J. Heifetz, J.N. Ianelli, J.E. Powers, J.F. Schweigert, P.J. Sullivan, C.-I. Zhang (eds), Fishery Stock Assessment Models. Alaska Sea Grant, Fairbanks.
Preikshot, D.B. and Pauly, D. (1999) A multivariate interdisciplinary assessment of small-scale tropical fisheries. Pages 803-814 in T.J. Quinn II, F. Funk, J. Heifetz, J.N. Ianelli, J.E. Powers, J.F. Schweigert, P.J. Sullivan, C.-I. Zhang (eds), Fishery Stock Assessment Models. Alaska Sea Grant, Fairbanks.
Preikshot, D.B., Nsiku. E., Pitcher, T.J. and Pauly, D. (1998) An interdisciplinary evaluation of the status and health of African lake fisheries using a rapid appraisal technique. J. Fish Biol. 53 (Suppl A): 382-393.
Tesfamichael, D. and Pitcher, T.J. (2006) Multidisciplinary Evaluation of the Sustainability Of Red Sea Fisheries Using Rapfish. Fisheries Research (in press).