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Race and Ethnicityas Historical, Cultural Identities
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What ethnicities exist in Guatemala?What meaning is attached to these ethnicities?
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What ethnicities exist in Providence? How has the meaning of “Mayan” changed?
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The Revival of Mayan Identity in Guatemala and some parts of the US (but not in Providence)
• Mayan revival, 1980s• Led to:
– Bilingualism in courts and schools
– No success in changing constitution to aid indigenous rights
– Signing of ILO Convention no. 169 (1996)
Rigoberta Menchú
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International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention 169
• Prohibits discrimination against indigenous people
• Special measures to safeguard institutions, people, property, labor, cultures and environment of indigenous people.
• Indigenous people are consulted on policies and development that affect them
• 28 signatories: mainly Latin America
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Costumbre and Catholicism
• Hybridity: p. 27-28• Attempts to purify
Catholicism of “Mayan” elements” (Catholic Action)
• Saints• Fiestas to celebrate
the saints• Cargo system
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Self-conscious Mayan Revival of Tradition
• “New traditionalists”: Gaspar, p. 162-163
• “Old traditionalists,” p. 163-164
• What are the differences between new and old traditionalists?
• Role of European organization (Las Plantas)
• Explicit instruction, p. 166-167
• Naomi Ramirez’s question
Mayan priest Roberto Poz Perez from Guatemala (center) makes an offering during a Mayan New Year celebration in North Palm Beach, California (2005)
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Does being Mayan mean celebrating the Mayan religion? Are Mayans who don’t participate as neo-traditionalists not Mayan?
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Witchcraft in Xinxuc and Soweto