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Industrial RadiographyIndustrial RadiographyAugust 8, 2007August 8, 2007
2:00 AM Edition2:00 AM Edition
id22148046 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com
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Safety QuestionsSafety Questions
What do What do rulesrules have to do with have to do with safety?safety?
Why are Why are requirementsrequirements so different?so different? How what can you do?How what can you do?
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Who Rules?Who Rules?
Non-Profit Groups
American Society for Non-Destructive Testing (ASNT)
Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors (CRCPD)
Organization of Agreement States (OAS)
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Who Rules?Who Rules?
X-rayState agency and the Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors (CRCPD)
Radioactive MaterialsUS Nuclear Regulatory Commission and State agency
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34 Agreement States16 NRC States
4 States with Letter of Intent1 State planning to submit
Letter of Intent
ID
MT
WY SD
MN WI
MI
IN OH
PA
OK
WV VA
MO
WA
OR
CA
NV
AZ NM
TX
CO UT
NE IA
ND
AR
LA
KY
TN NC
NY
ME
FL
SC
GA AL MS
AK
HI
MD
NH
NJ
MA
VT
KS
IL
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Enforcement ProgramEnforcement ProgramPurposePurpose
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The purpose of an enforcement program is to:
promote and protect the radiological health and safety of the public,
employee's health and safety, and
the safety of the environment
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This is accomplished by:
Ensuring compliance with rules;
Obtaining prompt correction of violations and adverse conditions that may effect radiological safety;
Deterring future occurrences of conditions adverse to quality;
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And by:
Encouraging the prompt identification and reporting of potential safety problems;
Promoting improvement of the regulated entity's performance.
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The BasicsThe BasicsCompatibleCompatible
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CompatibleCompatible
The NRC categorizes rules that are adopted by states as A, B, C, D, or H&S.
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CompatibleCompatible
A
Basic radiation protection standard or related definitions, signs, labels, or terms necessary for the common understanding of radiation principles. The state program should be essentially identical to that of the NRC.
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CompatibleCompatible
B
Program element with significant direct trans-boundary implications. The state program element should be essentially identical to that of the NRC.
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CompatibleCompatible
C
Program element, the essential objectives of which should be adopted by the state to avoid conflicts, duplications, or gaps. The manner in which the essential objectives are addressed need not be the same as the NRC, provided the essential objectives are met.
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CompatibleCompatible
D
Not required for compatibility purposes.
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CompatibleCompatible
H&S
Program element with a particular health and safety significance. The state should adopt the essential objectives of such program elements in order to maintain an adequate program.
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CompatibleCompatible
Regulation Amendment Tracking System (RATS) lists the categories for each rule part.
For Industrial Radiography the following apply:
RATS ID 1997-5*
RATS ID 2002-2
*Supersedes 1991-2 and 1995-5
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CompatibleCompatible
Sec. 34.Sec. 34.35 is revised to read:is revised to read:(a) Whenever radiography is (a) Whenever radiography is performed at a location performed at a location other than a permanent other than a permanent radiographic installation, the radiographic installation, the radiographer must be radiographer must be accompanied by at least one accompanied by at least one other radiographer orother radiographer or��..
BBConducting Conducting industrial industrial radiographic radiographic operationsoperations
34.4134.41
Summary of Change to CFRSummary of Change to CFRCompatibility Compatibility CategoryCategory
TitleTitleChangeChangeTo NRCTo NRC
SectionSection
nrc-stp.ornl.gov/rss_regamendents.html
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CompatibleCompatible
Agreement State ApproachesAgreement State Approaches�� Implemented by referenceImplemented by reference��Adopt NRC regulations verbatimAdopt NRC regulations verbatim��Adopt NRC regulations with Adopt NRC regulations with
embellishments*embellishments*
* Can be challenged* Can be challenged
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CompatibleCompatible
The Caveat:The Caveat:
Rules can be interpreted differentlyRules can be interpreted differently
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The BasicsThe BasicsAdequateAdequate
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AdequateAdequate
NRC Inspection Manual Chapter 2800
establishes inspection frequencies
Office Inspections Office Inspections ��Every year if authorized temporary Every year if authorized temporary
job sites. May include temporary job job sites. May include temporary job site locations.*site locations.*
��Every two years if fixed job site.Every two years if fixed job site.
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AdequateAdequate
Performance based inspections Performance based inspections ��whatever that meanswhatever that means
InspectorInspector��s equipment s equipment �� varies, but varies, but in Iowa and Minnesota it is in Iowa and Minnesota it is equivalent to the radiographerequivalent to the radiographer��ss
LicenseeLicensee��s Responsibility for State s Responsibility for State Inspectors Inspectors -- varies, so radiographers varies, so radiographers should askshould ask
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AdequateAdequate
Most Agreement States have a peer Most Agreement States have a peer review process review process �� NRC may notNRC may not
Be cautious of recommendationsBe cautious of recommendations
Ask questions if you donAsk questions if you don��t t understandunderstand
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AdequateAdequate
NRC Integrated Materials Evaluation Program (IMPEP) reviews implementation of inspections
Conducted a minimum of every four Conducted a minimum of every four yearsyears
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AdequateAdequate
The Caveats:The Caveats:
The inspector may not identify a The inspector may not identify a deficiencydeficiency
The inspector may not choose to cite a The inspector may not choose to cite a deficiencydeficiency
Rules can be interpreted differentlyRules can be interpreted differently
Talk to the inspector�s supervisor or manager if you disagree with a finding
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The BasicsThe BasicsAudits and InspectionsAudits and Inspections
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Program AuditsProgram Audits
A licensee must periodically, at least A licensee must periodically, at least annually, review the radiation annually, review the radiation protection program content and protection program content and implementation.implementation.
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Program AuditsProgram Audits
The rules do not specify who should The rules do not specify who should complete the auditscomplete the audits
A sample audit is in most Industrial A sample audit is in most Industrial Radiography Regulatory Guides.Radiography Regulatory Guides.
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Job Performance ReviewsJob Performance Reviews
Must be performed every Must be performed every six monthssix months
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Radiographer Job PerformanceRadiographer Job Performance
The radiation safety officer The radiation safety officer or designeeor designeemust conduct an inspection program of must conduct an inspection program of the job performance of each the job performance of each radiographer and radiographer's radiographer and radiographer's assistant to ensure that:assistant to ensure that:�� this rules, this rules, �� the license requirements, and the license requirements, and �� the licensee's operating and the licensee's operating and
emergency procedures are followed. emergency procedures are followed.
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Radiographer AuditsRadiographer Audits
The inspection program must include The inspection program must include observation of the performance of each observation of the performance of each radiographer and radiographer's radiographer and radiographer's assistant during an actual industrial assistant during an actual industrial radiographic operation, at intervals not radiographic operation, at intervals not to exceed six months.to exceed six months.
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What is ComingWhat is ComingNational Source Tracking National Source Tracking
SystemSystem
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National Source Tracking National Source Tracking SystemSystem
August 28, 2006August 28, 2006
The NRC requests that all states The NRC requests that all states conduct an inventory of some sources conduct an inventory of some sources including:including:
IridiumIridium--192 sources 192 sources -- 216 mCi or 216 mCi or moremore
CobaltCobalt--60 sources 60 sources -- 81 millicuries 81 millicuries or moreor more
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National Source Tracking National Source Tracking SystemSystem
December 12, 2006December 12, 2006
The NRC completed final The NRC completed final rulemaking for the National Source rulemaking for the National Source Tracking SystemTracking System
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Increased ControlsIncreased Controls
Fingerprinting andFingerprinting andSUNSISUNSI
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FingerprintingFingerprinting
Implemented for all NRC licensees with Implemented for all NRC licensees with Increased ControlsIncreased Controls
Some state impedimentsSome state impediments
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Sensitive Unclassified Sensitive Unclassified NonNon--Safeguards InformationSafeguards Information
SUNSI requires information SUNSI requires information management.management.
Things to be controlled: Things to be controlled: �� LicensesLicenses��Reports containing:Reports containing:
Addresses of storage locationsAddresses of storage locationsSource informationSource information
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Sensitive Unclassified Sensitive Unclassified NonNon--Safeguards InformationSafeguards Information
Precautions:Precautions:��DonDon��t email copies of licenses t email copies of licenses
(unless the information is encrypted)(unless the information is encrypted)��Ensure that faxed copies go to the Ensure that faxed copies go to the
intended personintended person��Secure SUNSI information when not Secure SUNSI information when not
in use. in use.
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The BasicsThe BasicsPersonnel MonitoringPersonnel Monitoring
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Personnel MonitoringPersonnel Monitoring
�� During radiographic During radiographic operations, individuals operations, individuals must wear on the must wear on the trunktrunkof their body:of their body:�� Direct reading Direct reading
dosimeterdosimeter�� Alarm ratemeterAlarm ratemeter�� Personnel dosimeter Personnel dosimeter
processed by a processed by a NVLAP processorNVLAP processor