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Radiation Transformation and
Energy Balance
NUR IZZATI ISHAK
SES100227
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Outline
Radiation transformation
Energy balance
Current Review: Climate Sensitivity
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Radiation Transformation
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Solar Energy
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Earth absorb solar radiation
Used the energy to warm the atmosphere,
evaporate water, warm the Earths surface
Earth's atmosphere receive the shortwave
radiation of:
-UV(7%)-Visible(43%)
-IR(50%)
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Forms of thermal energy transfer in the
climate system:
a) Conduction
b) Advection/convection
c) Radiation
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Insolation
Amount of solar radiation reaches earths
surface which varies due:
a) Earths atmosphere
b)Changes in orientation between Earth and Sun
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EM radiation interact with matter by one of
these process namely:
a)Scattering
b)Reflection
c)Absorption
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Scattering
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Reflection
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absorption
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Energy Balance
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Energy Balance
Fist Law of Thermodynamics:
Energy cant be destroyed nor created. Total
energy is conserved
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Climate sensitivity
equilibrium change in global surface
temperature that occurs in response to a
climate forcing(externally imposed
perturbation of the planetary energy balance)
Have different definition based on the climate
feedback.
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Current Study:
Climate sensitivity in the
Anthropocene
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Energy Balance:
In response to a positive radiative forcing
such as characterizes the present-day
anthropogenic perturbation the planet must
increase its net energy loss to space in orderto re-establish energy balance .
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Climate feedback:
Earthsystem response to a climate
forcing that either reinforce or counteracts theforcing
three main types of climate sensitivity:
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fast feedback sensitivity
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external forcing depends solely on fast climate
feedbacks due to changes in water vapor, clouds,
and sea ice.
anthropogenic perturbations of atmosphericcomposition due to fossil fuel burning, volcanic
eruptions, variations in solar luminosity, orbit.
The fast feedback sensitivity to a doubling ofatmospheric CO2 has been estimated to be about
3C.
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Ice Sheet/Vegetation Albedo
Feedbacks
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If surface albedo changes from land ice and
vegetation are regarded as a feedback, the
climate sensitivity to a doubling of CO2
increases to about 46C.
Assuming that this increased energy loss is
proportional to the surface temperature
change delta T:
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ClimateGreenhouse Gas Feedback
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If changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas
(GHG) concentrations resulting from climate-
related changes in terrestrial and ocean
carbon sequestration are also regarded as afeedback, the 2CO2 climate sensitivity is
higher still (>46C)
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Human Behavior Feedbacks
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In the most comprehensive type of climatesensitivity, changes in human activity (e.g.changes in fossil fuel burning, land use and
land/ocean ecosystem )in response to ongoingclimate change are regarded as a feedback
human behavior changes can be either aforcing or a feedback, since they can initiate
Earth system change and also be a response tothat change