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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Raj Jain, Shiv Kalyanraman, Ram ViswanathanDepartment of Computer and Information Sci.
The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH 43210
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Features
Scheme
Simulation results
Overview
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Design FeaturesCongestion Avoidance
High throughputLow delayOperation independent of buffers
LinkUtilization
Time
QueueLength
Time
5
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Design FeaturesWorks for bursty trafficFairness: Analytically provenMeasured overload/load at switch/sourceBounded oscillations ⇒ Good for VBRParameters: Few, insensitive, easyBipolar feedbackSeveral options: BECN
Precise fairness computation
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Transmission Rate
The OSU Scheme
The sources periodically send a control cellThe switches measure load over a periodThe switches specify reduction factor in cellThe destination returns the cell to the sourceThe source adjusts the transmission rate
Offered average Rate Adjustment Factor
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Control Cell FormatTransmitted Cell Rate (TCR)=1/Inter-cell timeOffered average cell rate (OCR)
Load adjustment factor: TCR New = TCR/LAFAveraging intervalFor BECN option: FECN/BECN bitTimestamp (when sent by the source)
1 ms
10 µs
TCR OCR
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Source AlgorithmArbitrarily select: Initial TCR
Averaging interval TSend sells at inter-cell time = 1/TCRSend control cells every TOn receiving a control cell:
T ← Averaging interval from cellExecute LAF algorithm
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Load Adjustment Factor in Cell<1Yes No
Current TCR = New TCR
YesNo
Ignore
Yes No
Ignore
New TCR = TCR in Control Cell
Load Adjustment Factor in Cell
New TCR <Current TCR
New TCR >Current TCR
Source LAF Algorithm
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Switch LAF AlgorithmParameters:
Averaging interval TTarget utilization band (TUB): U(1± ∆)
Compute Target # of cells per T at UCount cells received over TLoad = Received/TargetTcell ← Max{Tcell, T}LAFcell ← Max{LAFcell, Load}
LoadLevel
Time
1
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
The TUB Algorithm
In-TUB?
OCR<Fair share?
LAFcell ← Max{LAFcell, Load/(1-∆)}
LAFcell ← Max{LAFcell, Load/(1+∆)}
LAFcell ← Max{LAFcell, Load}
Fair share = Target rate/# of active VCsAnalytically proven:Fair and Closed (remain in TUB)
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
SecondSource’s
Ratey
First Source’s Rate x
23
4
56
(x, y)
(x’, y’)
1
Proof
Fairness Line
x + y = U(1+∆)x + y = Ux + y = U(1-∆)
Efficiency Line
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Single-Source Configuration
All links 150 Mbps, 1 kmMax-min optimal: 150 MbpsTUB = 0.90 (1 ± 0.1)Averaging interval = 150 µs
Sw 1 D1S1 Sw 1
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Two-Source Configuration
All links 150 Mbps, 1 kmMax-min optimal: 75 MbpsTUB=0.90(1 ± 0.1)Averaging interval = 150 µs
Sw 1S1
Sw 2S2
D1
D2
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Three-Source Configuration
All links 150 Mbps, 1 kmMax-min optimal: 50 MbpsTUB=0.90(1 ± 0.1)Averaging interval = 150 µs
S1
Sw 1 Sw 2S2
S3
D1
D2
D3
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Transient Configuration
All links 150 Mbps, 1 kmTUB=0.90(1 ± 0.1)Averaging interval = 150 µs
Sw 1S1
Sw 2S2
D1
D2
OptimalRate
Time
S1
S2
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Parking Lot Configuration
All links 150 Mbps, 1 kmMax-min optimal: 50, 50, 50 MbpsTUB=0.90(1 ± 0.1)Averaging interval 150 µs
S1
S2Sw 1 Sw 2 Sw 3
S3
D1
D2
D3
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Upstream Configuration
All links 150 Mbps, 1 kmMax-min optimal: 50, 50, 50, 100 MbpsTUB=0.90(1 ± 0.1)Averaging interval = 150 µs
Sw 1 Sw 2 Sw 3
S4
D3
D4
S2
S1 D1
D2S3
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
VC Cell Rates
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Link Utilization
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Queue Length
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Queue Size with Startup at PCR/10
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
VC Cell Rates in WAN Configuration
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Queue Size with WAN Configuration
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
VC rates with Train Traffic
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
BECN Option
TUB Algorithm
AggressiveFairnessOption
PreciseFair share
ComputationOption
Switch LAF Algorithm
Load Measurement at Switches
Load Measurement at Sources
Family Portrait
Source LAF Algorithm
1 2 3 4 65
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
Summary
Design Principles: Input rate overload, Feedback-control relationship, TCR/OCR specification, TUB fairness
Features: High throughput, Low delay, Avoidance,Bipolar
Basic Scheme: Source/switch LAF algorithm
Options: Thoroughly tested all variations