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Ranking Species
in
Mutualistic Networks
Virginia Domínguez García and Miguel Á. Muñoz
Lake Como Quantitative Laws II – June 2016
Statistical Physics and
Complex Systems Group
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Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks – Mutualistic Interactions
Mutualistic interactions
Mutual beneficial interplay:
Bee obtains nutrients in exchange for its pollination
service
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Mutualistic interactions
Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks – Mutualistic Interactions
90 % tropical trees
Needs mutualism
70 % of cropsneeds bees
Ubiquitous 90% of tropical trees are involved
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Mutualistic interactions
Ubiquitous 90% of tropical trees are involved
Interactions can involve hundreds of
species
Tight coevolution: one to one
specialization
Mutualistic bipartite Networks
Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks – Mutualistic Interactions
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Mutualistic interactions
Bipartite: 2 Different set of nodes PlantsAnimals
Mutualistic bipartite networks
Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks – Mutualistic Networks
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Mutualistic interactions
Bipartite: 2 Different set of nodes PlantsAnimals
Interactions
Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks – Mutualistic Networks
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Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks – Mutualistic Networks
specialistgeneralist
specialist
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Specialist (few partners)
Specialist
Specialist Generalist(many partners)
specialistgeneralist
Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks – Mutualistic Networks
specialist
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Specialist (few partners)
Specialist
Specialist Generalist(many partners)
specialistgeneralist
Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks – Mutualistic Networks
specialist
Measures number of shared
neighbours
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Mutualistic Networks – External perturbation
The International Union for Conservation of
Nature has evaluated 52,205 species, depicted
here, for their ability to survive
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Mutualistic Networks – External perturbation
How to identify the most important species in the network?
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If we identify important species the network will collapse fast
Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks - Framework
FRAMEWORK: DECONSTRUCTING ECOSYSTEMS
We do not know how these networks are assembled Other strategyTear them down
Search for the most efficient way to destruction
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PageRank
A node is
important if
linked to
important
nodes
Closeness
Less distance to
others
Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks - Framework
FRAMEWORK: DECONSTRUCTING ECOSYSTEMS
WHICH
RANKING
? Degree
More
connections
Betweenness
Bottlenecks
Nestedness
Contribution to
nestedness
�
Eigenvector
Overlap with
leading
eigenvalue of
A
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Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks - Framework
FRAMEWORK: MusRank Ranking algorithm for mutualistic networks
Inspired in a recent work in
econometrics Products
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Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks - Framework
FRAMEWORK: MusRank Ranking algorithm for mutualistic networks
Inspired in a recent work in
econometrics
Active species
Passive species
Importance
Vulnerability
�Determined by number and vulnerability of
partners
(Linear)
��Bounded by the less important partner
(Non-linear)
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Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks
FRAMEWORK: MusRank
Adjacency matrix
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Act
ive
Passive
-Imp
ort
an
ce
Vulnerability
+
- +
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Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks
FRAMEWORK: MusRank
FIXPONT
Ranking of
Importance of Active
species
Ranking of
Vulnerability of
Passive species
Independent of initial
conditions
Act
ive
Passive
-Imp
ort
an
ce
Vulnerability
+
- +
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Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks
FRAMEWORK: MusRank
FIXPONT
Ranking of
Importance of Active
species
Ranking of
Vulnerability of
Passive species
Independent of initial
conditions
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Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks
FRAMEWORK: Evaluating a ranking
Extinction
curve
Active PassiveD
ecr
ea
sin
gra
nk
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Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks
FRAMEWORK: Evaluating a ranking
Extinction
Area
Active Passive
0 1
1destructive ranking
0 1
1not destructive ranking
OK!
De
cre
asi
ng
ran
kActive Passive
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Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks
RESULTS: MusRank PERFORMANCE
Genetic Algorithm
best
RESULT:
The ranking provided by
MusRank outperforms all
others
RESULT:
Reversing Active/Passive roles
do not change results
Robust algorithm
Distance from each ranking to the genetic algorithm
over all dataset (60 networks)
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Ranking Species in Mutualistic Networks
Take home message
Mutualistic networks
-mutual benefit interplay
-hundred of species involved
-characteristic features: Degree heterogeneity (Generalists and specialists),
robust core, phylogeny groups, nestedness,…
-Mutualistic interactions are very important for biodiversity manteinance.
Rankig species
-protocol to quantify “lethality” of a ranking
-MusRank: best method to asses species importance in mutualistic networks
WE AREIMPORTANT !!
Oh, No!!I’m more importantthan you are ! hehehe
Thanks for Your
attention !!