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RAPID INTERVENTION COMMUNITY COURT
Enhancing public safety by addressing the root causes of criminal behavior
Presentation at VT Law SchoolNovember 15th 2013
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PUBLIC SAFETY OR INSANITY?
• “Doing the same thing over and over and expecting different results”
– -Benjamin Franklin
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What exactly is Rapid Intervention Community Court? (AKA RICC)
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RICC
The mission of RICC is to provide immediate services that address the root causes of criminal behavior.
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Defining the Problem
• Department of Corrections budget $140 million• Recidivism rate: 43% (VT. DOC facts and figures FY2012)
• Total DOC population: 10,743• Total cost per inmate per citizen: $192• Total misdemeanor convictions: 9,058• More than 40% of first time entrants into DOC are
under 25• 74.6% of female inmates receive mental health
services
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DEFINING THE PROBLEM
• Cost of one year in prison: $58,110• Total expenditures for in state prison costs:
$91,929,918• Total expenditures for out of state prison costs:
$13,920,906• Vermont spends $114 million on jail. Is this a
good use of criminal justice dollars?• Can we do better? Can we do something
different?
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RICC
Necessary components to be successful:1. Use science to determine eligibility.2. Have a clear incentive for participation.3. Consistent compliance monitoring.4. Link to community-based partners.
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Evidence-Based MethodologyORAS: Ohio Risk Assessment System
- Evaluates level of risk for recidivating by identifying dynamic risk factors to guide and prioritize appropriate and effective programmatic intervention
- Criminogenic factors include: Criminal history; education; employment; family & social support; neighborhood problems; substance abuse; peer associations; criminal attitudes and behavioral patterns
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Evidence-Based Methodology
Program staff incorporate Motivational Interviewing where possible when enrolling individuals into the program.
Motivational Interviewing and Thinking for Change are both utilized in RICC/Burlington Community Justice Center’s Retail Theft Awareness and Prevention Class.
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Evidence-Based Methodology
Program partners all employ promising practices or evidence-based interventions OR are themselves evidence-based programs. For example:- Turning Point Center’s Recovery Coaching is
based on Making Alcoholics Anonymous Easier.- Lund, HowardCenter, and Spectrum all utilize
Motivational Interviewing.
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Incentive
Important question to consider before starting program:
What motivation will someone have to complete a program that requires them to accept responsibility and address the risk factors in their lives?
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Incentive
• RICC is optional and voluntary. Someone can choose to still go through the traditional criminal justice system.
• Carrot/Stick approach:• Carrots:
– 90 days = shorter process than going through courts– Avoid fees, Prosecution, Lengthy Court Process, Charge,
Conviction, Corrections etc.
• Stick: Prosecution of their case will happen if they’re not compliant with their contract.
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Community Partnership
“This program represents a philosophical change – that Community Justice Centers and social service providers are equal partners in crime prevention.”
TJ Donovan
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Community Partnership
• Community Justice Centers (Burlington, Essex, S. Burlington, Williston, & Winooski) and Chittenden County-based Reparative Boards
• Lund• Spectrum Youth Services• HowardCenter• Mercy Connections• Turning Point Center• VT Works for Women• Private Substance Abuse Counselors
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Community Partnership
Burlington Community Justice Center: close working partner with RICC-- Restorative Justice Panels-- Retail Theft Awareness and Prevention Class-- Assists with ORAS screening -- Consultant role-- Advisory CommitteeFor questions about the BCJC’s role with RICC, please contact Karen Vastine: 802-865-7185
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Community PartnershipCommunity Justice Centers – continued-- Individuals meet with members of the community and the victim at their restorative justice panel meeting-- Collaboratively designed restorative contract-- Can assist with restitution collection-- Staff and panel provides ‘case-management’ to assist with successful completion of program-- Constant two-way communication vis-à-vis updates on cases etc.
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Community Partnership
Lund Family Services, Spectrum Youth & Family Services and HowardCenter-- Depending on demographics, individuals can be served by these programs for mental health and substance abuse assessment and counseling.
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Community Partnership
Turning Point Center- Recovery Coaches assist people in accessing
housing, job training, community services, and networks of community support.
- Peer Support- Volunteering- Additional Programing in a safe, sober
environment
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Community Partnership
Mercy Connections-- Programs, predominantly for women, that nurture self sufficiency through education, mentoring and community involvement.-- Getting Ahead in a Just-Gettin’-By World: Aha! Process Inc
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Compliance
• Dedicated staff person to monitor compliance: appointment reminders, contract check-ins, works with community partners.
• Non compliance with recommended plan results in Flash Cite i.e. cited into court on the following Tuesday or Thursday.
• Simultaneous Citation/Contract End Date• Failures are tracked by SA office.
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Key Components
1. Screening appropriate pre-charge cases2. Determine risk/needs by employing Ohio Risk
Assessment System tool (ORAS) .3. Divert case by linking individual to the
appropriate community based organization.4. Compliance: 90 day threshold5. Completion-no charge filed6. Failure-flash cite to court for following Tues or
Thurs
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RICC Present & Future
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DOES RICC WORK?
• What was the post-program behavior of program participants?
• Outcome Evaluation– Conducted by Vermont Center for Justice Research
700 participants September of 2010 to December of 2012.
– Success = No conviction for any criminal offense
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THE RESULTS
Completed RICC
Failed to Complete
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%93%
75%
Percentage of Participants Who Remained Conviction Free
Column1
18% less recidivism = 18% less CJ services
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NUMBER OF CRIMES FOR WHICH RECIDIVISTS WERE CONVICTED
Completed RICC Failed to Complete0
10
20
30
40
50
60
15
48
# of Reconvictions Per 100 Recidivists
2
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HOW DO YOU EXPLAIN THE RESULTS?
Completed RICC Failed to Complete
NO MEASURABLE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE GROUPS: THE PROGRAM PROBABLY MADE THE DIFFERENCE
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READ THE FULL REPORT
WWW. VCJR. ORG
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HOW DO WE MEASURE SUCCESS?
• Duty of prosecutors is to keep our communities safe. To do justice.
• Are we enhancing public safety by addressing the root causes of criminal behavior?
• Are we reducing recidivism?• What is the proper measure for public safety?• Are we fulfilling our duty?
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Opportunities for Improvement
• Increasing Transparency• Creating an active advisory committee• Increasing communication• Using a more sophisticated database to track
client details.