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Rapid Technologies to Enhance Quality Control on Asphalt Pavements Infrared (IR) Scanner Workshop
Hosted by Maine DOTApril 28, 2016
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Our Focus for Today
2
Workshop Objective …
1. Describe the Infrared Scanner Technology (What is it and Why it is needed?)
2. Understand how to use the IR Equipment & Software
3. Discuss the results from the Maine DOT
4. Discuss the Contractor’s and Agency’s Perspective as a QC or QA Tool
5. Know Implementation Strategies
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Infrared Scanner Workshop
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AGENDA:
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Infrared Technology (IR)
What is it and why use it?
April 28, 2016
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IR – What is it & why use it?
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1. IR - Defined. 2. How is it measured?3. Why is it important?
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IR – What is it & why use it?
Infrared Thermography:• The mapping of temperature contours (equal
temperature) over the surface of a material. • Contours are used to evaluate materials by
measurement of their surface temperature and its variation.
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IR – What is it & why use it?
Temperature segregation (differential):• More than 25 ºF difference in mat temperature behind
screed.
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IR – What is it & why use it?
Types of Temperature Differences: 1. Cold spots
– Truck to truck temperature differences
– Improper loading and unloading of trucks
2. Thermal streaks – Longitudinal segregation– Inadequate or non-uniform
amount of material across the mat
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IR – What is it & why use it?
• Cold spots– Temperature difference of
mat between truck exchanges – common.
– Areas with higher air voids• Focused testing have
validated higher air voids– Coring – Radar (full coverage)– Nuclear gauge
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IR – What is it & why use it?
Background• 1996 through 2000s – field
work concluded temperature differences could be accurately detected and quantified:– Low temperatures result
in low density zones in mat
– A few States adopt temperature uniformity specification
.
Temperature profile criteria based on desired density
uniformity.
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IR – What is it & why use it?
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1. IR - Defined. 2. How is it measured?3. Why is it important?
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IR – What is it & why use it?
History; Mat Temperature Measurements• Temperature guns
– Point readings• Temperature cameras
– Time specific to identify areas with cold spots or thermal streaks
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IR – What is it & why use it?
History; Mat Temperature Measurements• IR sensors, IR-Bar; first device for continuous readings• Pave-IR Scanner; second generation device for
continuous readings
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IR – What is it & why use it?
Application & use of temperature cameras• Identify areas with cold spots for biased sampling in
density specification• Identify thermal streaks
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IR – What is it & why use it?
Application & use of IR-Bar and Scanner• Continuous readings to
evaluate mat uniformity through temperature uniformity.
• Non-uniform temperatures usually mean, non-uniform densities.
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IR – What is it & why use it?
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1. IR - Defined. 2. How is it measured?3. Why is it important?
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IR – What is it & why use it?
• Aggregate segregation in mat = temperature segregation• Non-uniform temperatures usually result in non-uniform
densities
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Segregation – A difficult issue to resolve, when it is difficult to identify or confirm.
IR – What is it & why use it?
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IR – What is it & why use it?
• Truck to truck segregation results in cold spots; IR can accurately identify these areas.
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IR – What is it & why use it?
• Both sided longitudinal and centerline segregation result in thermal streaks; IR can identify these areas.
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IR – What is it & why use it?
• Effect of cold spots, low mat temperatures on percent compaction; densities are:– Lower– More variable
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IR – What is it & why use it?
• Effect of reduced compaction or higher air voids because of lower mat temperatures.
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IR – What is it & why use it?
• Fatigue life can be substantially reduced, as a result of lower densities because of lower mat temperatures.
Source: NCAT (2000)
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Impact of temperature differences or areas with low temperatures.
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Research and Development
IR – What is it & why use it?
Loss of service life or increase in maintenance costs.
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IR – What is it & why use it?
Cold spots; areas with increased potential for:• Fatigue cracks• Raveling• Pot holes
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IR – What is it & why use it?
Thermal streaks; longitudinal areas with increased potential for:• Longitudinal cracking
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IR – What is it & why use it?
• Thermal streaks can be very damaging, depending on the level of density achieved in localized areas.
• Measuring the density, accurately, in a localized area is complicated.
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Questions?
28
NEXT:
• Equipment and Software: How to use it?
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Infrared Technology (IR)
IR Equipment and Software: How to Use It?
April 28, 2015
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IR Equipment and Software
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1. Equipment and Installation2. Software and Its Features
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IR Equipment and Software
Equipment• Mast Base• Mast Extension• Mast Arm• IR Scanner• DMI• GPS Unit• Wiring• Connection bolts
& materials
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IR Equipment and Software
IR mast base and extension attached to paver.
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IR Equipment and Software
• IR Scanner attached to paver; scans mat behind screed in one direction.
• GPS attached to the mast arm.
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IR Equipment and Software
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IR scan screen used to see/monitor mat temperatures in real time; attached to the mast post or extension.
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IR Equipment and Software
35
DMI placed on wheel hub to measure distance during paving operation.
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IR Equipment and Software
36
1. Equipment and Installation2. Software and Its Features
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IR Equipment and Software
37
Two models of data transfer and extraction
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IR Equipment and Software
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• Online Web App: https://eroutes.info/paveappweb/• Login is user specific
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IR Equipment and Software
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Explore Data: MOBA Pave Project Manager Main Screen
Color Map
Thermal Profile
Diagrams and project information
Properties
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IR Equipment and Software
Color Map and Properties for Screen
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IR Equipment and Software
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Thermal Profile Properties Screen
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IR Equipment and Software
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Project Properties Screen
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IR Equipment and Software
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Time Diagram Screen
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IR Equipment and Software
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Speed Diagram Screen
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IR Equipment and Software
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Temperature Class Diagram Screen
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IR Equipment and Software
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Map Diagram Screen
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IR Equipment and Software
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Click any location on the thermal profile
Adding Point Measurements
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IR Equipment and Software
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Generates PDF Report
Generating Reports
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IR Equipment and Software
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Generating Reports
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IR Equipment and Software
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Generating Reports
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IR Equipment and Software
Exporting Data• Export to .txt (semicolon separated) • Save as .paveproj
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Questions?
52
NEXT:
• Data Analyses and Findings: I-95 Rehabilitation;
Houlton, ME
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Infrared Technology (IR)
Data Analyses and Findings: I-95 Rehabilitation; Houlton, ME
April 28, 2016
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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1. Project Overview2. Data Collection3. Data Processing4. Data Summary
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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Northbound and Southbound Lanes; Canadian Border to the South
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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Northbound and Southbound Lanes; Canadian Border to the South
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
Mixture delivered to site with end dump and horizontal discharge trucks.
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Mixture placed with Caterpillar paver and Weiler material transfer vehicle.
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, MECompaction Train:• Breakdown: Volvo & Ingersoll-
Rand Vibratory rollers, & Hamm steel wheel oscillatory roller. Two used in echelon.
• Intermediate; Caterpillar rubber tired roller
• Finish; Caterpillar static steel wheel drum
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, MEFour steel wheel rollers used, including: Caterpillar, Volvo & Ingersoll-Rand Vibratory rollers, & Hamm steel wheel oscillatory roller.
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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Nuclear & non-nuclear density gauge used to measure mat density
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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1. Project Overview2. Data Collection3. Data Processing4. Data Summary
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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Raw Temperature Profile for first part of the southbound lane.
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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Raw Temperature Profile for center part of the southbound lane.
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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Raw Temperature Profile for latter path of the southbound lane.
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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Raw Temperature Profile showing continuous improvement or more uniform mat temperatures along the southbound lane.
Near Start of
Lot
Near Center of Lot
Near End of
Lot
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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Summary of Raw Data for One Lot
Avg. Temp. = 276.0 ºF
Not mat temperatures
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Pave
r Spe
ed (i
n/m
in)
Distance (ft)
Paver Speed Diagram
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Avg.
Tem
p. (F
)
Distance (ft)
Average Temperature Plot
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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1. Project Overview2. Data Collection3. Data Processing4. Data Summary
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
Data Processing—eliminate invalid temperature measurements:1. Eliminate measurement locations within 2 feet of the
mat’s edge.
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
Data Processing—eliminate invalid temperature measurements:2. Eliminate data with paver stops greater than 10 seconds,
between locations:– 2 feet behind measurement location of stop– 8 feet in front of measurement location of stop
3. Eliminate temperature readings < 170 ºF and > 400 ºF.
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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T1.0 T98.5
• Temperature Differential, each 150 foot segment
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME• Temperature Differential Criteria, each 150 foot
segment:
• Tdiff < 25 ºF No temperature difference• 25 ºF < Tdiff < 50 ºF Moderate temperature difference• Tdiff > 50 ºF Severe temperature difference
73
0.15.98 TTTDiff −=
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320
Freq
uenc
y
Temperature Bins (degree F)
Summary of Processed Data for first day of paving
Raw IR data: Tavg. = 276 ºFProcessed data: Tavg. = 306 ºF
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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1. Project Overview2. Data Collection3. Data Processing4. Data Summary
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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Paver Stops
Total Number of Increments
Number of Increments within Temp. Regimes Thermal
StreakingMinor Moderate SevereExclude 579 546 25 8 NoneInclude 579 494 56 29 None
Processed Data
To include or exclude paver stops?If paver stop cause severe temperature differences:
they should be included. However:
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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Required paver stops due to sampling should be eliminated from temperature difference profiles.
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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Paver Stops
Total Number of Increments
Number of Increments within Temp. Regimes Thermal
StreakingMinor Moderate SevereExclude 579 546 25 8 NoneInclude 579 494 56 29 None
Processed Data
Minnesota DOT’s specification:• Minor Temperature Difference: +$20 per Increment• Moderate Temperature Difference: $0 per Increment• Severe Temperature Difference: -$20 per Increment
Total Incentive to Contractor: $9,300 for the project section.[Including paver stops]
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
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In summary: very good temperature consistency along the I-95 Houlton, ME rehabilitation project.
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Data Analyses & FindingsI-95 Houlton, ME
Contact Information:• Dale Peabody; [email protected]• Bruce Yeaton; [email protected]• Ulrich Amoussou-Guenov; ulrich.amoussou-
[email protected]• Paul Angerhofer; [email protected]• Harold Von Quintus; [email protected]• Paul Dalbey; [email protected]
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Questions?
81
NEXT:
• Implementation: Maine DOT and Contractor
Points of View
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Infrared Technology (IR)
Implementation: Maine DOT and Contractor Points of View
April 28, 2015
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Agency/Contractor Deployment
1. Agency; Maine DOT– Reasons for deploying IR Technology– Benefits – Agency points of view– Plans to implement IR Technology; short-term plans– Schedule for deployment
2. Contractors: Lane & Pike – Reasons for using IR Technology– Benefits – Contractor points of view– Making decisions in real time to minimize penalties– Use of future projects
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Agency/Contractor Deployment
Some Typical Questions for Deployment:1. How many projects has Pave-IR ScanTM been used on?2. How many projects were for quality assurance?3. What percent of profiles exhibited medium & severe temperature
differences?4. How easy is it to set up the project in Pave-IR ScanTM?5. Any problems experienced with the equipment?6. Has the Pave-IR system changed daily practice?7. Has use of the Pave-IR system changed interaction between the
owner & contractor?8. How easy is the IR data to extract and process?9. Do you review the Pave-IR reports at the end of the day?10. Do you think you are getting a higher quality mat at the end of the
day using the Pave-IR system?84
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Infrared Technology (IR)
Implementation Products and Strategies
April 28, 2016
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Implementation Products and Strategies
86
1. Field Demonstration Projects and Products2. Application and Use: Examples3. Questions and Answers
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CA
AZ
CO
NM
TX
OK AR
LA
MO KY
AL GA
FL
VA
OH
MI
VTAK
MT
NV
MEWA
OR
UTKS
IDWY
ND
SD
MN
NE
WI
IAIL IN
MS
TNSC
NC
WV
PA
NY
CTNJDEMD
MANH
PR
RI
Demonstration Projects and Products
DC
HI
NorthernMarianaIslands /Guam
AmericanSoma
V.I.
EFL
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Demonstration Projects and Products
1. Case Study/Demonstration Report2. Showcase3. Trouble Shooting and Best Practices Guide4. Specification Guide5. IR Guide/Primer
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Demonstration Projects and Products
1. Field Demonstration Projects and Case Study Report:
• Purpose– Enhance the deployment and use of the IR
technology. – Identify/summarize lessons learned from field trials.– Confirm Pave-IR can identify the different types of
temperature differentials that affect mat density and pavement performance.
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Demonstration Projects and Products
1. Field Demonstration Projects and Case Study Report, continued:
• Outcome– Case Study Report– Information for showcase– Workshops for individual field demonstration projects
• Demonstrate and discuss value added using IR technology to agency and contractor.
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Demonstration Projects and Products
2. Showcase:• Showcase for IR Technology
– Missouri DOT is the host agency– June 1, 2016
• Purpose– Highlight IR technology, provide training & operation. – Attendance includes agencies, contractors, industry,
consultants and academia.• Outcome
– Report to document showcase
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All participating agencies in IR
demonstration projects have received an
invitation.
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Demonstration Projects and Products
3. Trouble Shooting and Best Practices Guide• Purpose of Guide
– Provide guidance on:• Setting up the equipment and getting started.• Interpreting the raw data for making decisions.
– Identify data collection and maintenance issues with the equipment and software.
• Outcome– Based on all 10 demonstration projects – Experience of agencies & consultants
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Demonstration Projects and Products
4. Specification Guide; AASHTO PP 80-14
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Demonstration Projects and Products
4. Specification Guide, continued• Purpose
– Advance standardization of IR equipment and testing protocols through AASHTO.
– Agencies can customize it to their needs• Outcome
– Revised/Enhanced AASHTO PP 80-14 • Based on:
– 10 Demonstration Projects– Agency Experience: Minnesota DOT, Texas DOT, etc.
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Demonstration Projects and Products
5. IR Guide/Primer• Purpose
– Introduce the Pave-IR method to transportation agencies and contractors.
– Increase awareness of how IR can improve paving operations and increase uniformity of mat.
– Demonstrate use of Pave-IR as a QC Tool.• Outcome
– Based on all 10 demonstration projects.
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Implementation Products and Strategies
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1. Field Demonstration Projects and Products2. Application and Use: Examples3. Questions and Answers
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Application and Use: Examples
Application & Use, WHY:• Continuous readings to evaluate
mat uniformity through temperature uniformity.
• Non-uniform temperatures imply non-uniform densities, which usually mean higher maintenance.
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Application and Use: Examples
Role of IR in Quality Assurance Programs1. Quality control plan; contractor
– Monitor production/placement operations to minimize temperature differentials of mat.
– Use data to trouble shoot low or non-uniform densities
2. Acceptance plan; agency– Reduce future distress and maintenance costs – Dispute resolution
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Application and Use: Examples
IR Role in Quality Control Plan; 3 examples1. Missouri demonstration project2. Virginia demonstration project3. Federal Lands demonstration project
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Application and Use: Examples
1. Missouri demonstration project– Communication between plant and paver; monitoring
production/placement operations to minimize temperature differentials of mat.
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Application and Use: Examples
2. Virginia demonstration project– Identify reason for severe temperature differentials and
take action.• Avg. temperature differential at start of paving
project; about 30 ºF.• Avg. temperature differential after adding two
trucks; about 15 ºF.
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Application and Use: Examples
3. Federal Lands demonstration project– Identify reason for severe temperature differentials and
take action; loading of trucks.• One dump of mix in truck bed – severe temp.
differential• Two dump, no stockpile – reduced temp. differential.
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Application and Use: Examples
IR Role in Acceptance Plan; examples:• Identify cold spots
– Colorado, Michigan, Minnesota, Quebec, Texas, Washington
• Identify thermal streaks– Quebec
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Application and Use: Examples
Cold spots; areas with increased potential for:• Fatigue cracks• Raveling• Pot holes
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• Increase in maintenance costs.
• Loss of service life
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Thermal streaks; areas with increased potential for longitudinal cracking.
Research and Development
Application and Use: Examples
Loss of service life & increase in maintenance costs.
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Application and Use: Examples
Specification Guide; AASHTO PP 80-14
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1. Scope2. Referenced Document3. Terminology4. General Thermal Profile Requirements5. Hardware6. Data File Format7. Calibration8. Profiler Accuracy9. References10.Appendices (Non-mandatory)
1. Example Acceptance Criteria2. Terminology3. Criteria4. Monetary Adjustment
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Application and Use: Examples
IR Role in Acceptance Plan• Determine biased areas for
sampling and testing– Washington DOT
• Determine pay factors– Minnesota DOT– Quebec
• Minnesota pay factors for each 150 foot segment:– $20 bonus; <25ºF– $20 penalty; >50ºF
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Application and Use: Examples
Washington State DOT; WSDOT SOP 733• Aggregate segregation: spots and streaks defined by
visual inspection• Equipment for measuring temperature differentials:
– Infrared camera– Handheld noncontact infrared device– IR-Bar or IR-Scanner not identified
• Temperature Differential Area: > 25ºF and paver stops are included– Measured prior to compaction
• In temperature differential areas; systematic compaction test is required for all areas.
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Application and Use: Examples
Alaska DOT; Special Provision draft• IR and IC added to Glenn Hwy project• After test strip is completed, monitor is covered for first
lot, then removed for latter lots and compared to the first:– IR-Scanner
• Temperature Differential Area: > 25ºF and paver stops are included– Measured prior to compaction
• In temperature differential areas:– Perform density profiles– Adjust compaction and paving equipment operation to eliminate
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Application and Use: Examples
Texas DOT; Item 341, Tex-244-F• Equipment for measuring temperature differentials:
– Infrared camera– IR-Bar or IR Scanner
• Temperature Differential Category, behind paver and paver stops are excluded:– < 25ºF is minor thermal segregation– 25ºF to 50ºF moderate thermal segregation– > 50ºF is severe thermal segregation
• In areas with severe temperature differential:– Eliminate or remove and replace.– Density profile not required when using IR devices
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Application and Use: Examples
Minnesota DOT• Equipment for measuring temperature differentials:
– IR Scanner
• Temperature Differential Category and acceptance:– < 25ºF is minor thermal segregation; $20 bonus/sect.– 25ºF to 50ºF moderate thermal segregation $0 bonus– > 50ºF is severe thermal segregation $20 penalty/sect.
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Application and Use: Examples
Deployment Strategy, Common Steps/Tasks:1. Define temperature differences that cause significant distress,
increasing maintenance cost & reducing service life (Minnesota, Ontario, Texas, Washington). a) Many published reports that document the importance of temp.
2. Identify mat property changes between areas with severe temperature differentials (Ontario, Texas).a) Many research reports that identify how density affects the mat’s
properties related to performance.3. Draft IR specification (Minnesota, Ontario, Texas, Washington)4. Obtain comments from industry for revising specification; getting input
from other partners (Ontario, Minnesota, Texas).5. Host/sponsor training sessions with equipment/software
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Application and Use: Examples
Deployment Strategy, Common Steps/Tasks:6. Execute pilot projects over 1 to 2 years (Minnesota, Ontario)7. Educate industry/agency personnel on results (Ontario).8. Update/revise specification (Minnesota, Ontario, Texas, Washington)9. Establish actions based on temperature profile differences (all)
a) Increased density testing (Texas) b) Biased testing (Washington)c) Incentives/disincentives based temperature differentials
(Minnesota, Ontario)10. Confirm appropriateness of acceptance plan (Ontario)11. Full deployment
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Application and Use: Examples
Conclusion from demonstration projects, to-date:• Pave-IR scanner is one tool
to confirm a uniform, high-quality mat.
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Implementation Products and Strategies
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1. Field Demonstration Projects and Products2. Application and Use: Examples3. Questions and Answers
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Agency/Contractor Deployment
Some Questions for Deployment:1. How many projects has Pave-IR ScanTM been used on?2. How many projects were for quality assurance?3. What percent of profiles exhibited medium & severe temperature
differences?4. How easy is it to set up the project in Pave-IR ScanTM?5. Any problems experienced with the equipment?6. Has the Pave-IR system changed daily practice?7. Has use of the Pave-IR system changed interaction between the
owner & contractor?8. How easy is the IR data to extract and process?9. Do you review the Pave-IR reports at the end of the day?10. Do you think you are getting a higher quality mat at the end of the
day using the Pave-IR system?11. How have agencies/contractors used the IR products? 116
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Workshop Wrap-Up
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Complete workshop forms.
NEXT:
• Presentation and Demonstration of Ground
Penetrating Radar Equipment