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6/17/2014 Confidential 0
Rationalization of steel based composites
O. Bouaziz, J.D. Embury([email protected])
2014 June 5th
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1
Main driving forces for steel based composite
Steel basedfor mechanical strength
Functionnal properties :-thermal-electrical-magnetic-chemical
Specific stiffnessDamage tolerance
[Embury&Bouaziz, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 2010. 40:20 .1–20.29]
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Classification : scale and hybridation
[Embury&Bouaziz, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 2010. 40:20 .1–20.29]
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6/17/2014 Confidential 3
Macro -composites :scale of the combination
=scale of the component
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Automotive applications
Pillar of a body in white for car industry made by laser welding of an HSLA (high-strength, low-alloy) steelwith an ultra high-strength martensitic steel
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Other examples
hardness for piercing/corrosion
strength/conductivity
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6/17/2014 Confidential 6
Meso-composites
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Automotive applications
• Objectives : strong weight saving by specific rigidity improvement with other functions as low thermal and phonic conductivity
• Ways : light core sandwich with steel strips
• Rigidity is improved by 30%
Parement acier0.20 à 0.25 mm
Coeur organique 0.4 à 1.2 mmOrganic core
Steel strip
[Usilight-ArcelorMittal]
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Other examples
Magnetic stainless : compatibility with all induction cooktopsAluminium : heat conductionAustenitic stainless steel : bio-compatibility
Steel/Aluminium high-voltage cable =>strength/conductivity
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Toughness improvement
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Micro -composites :static an dynamic
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50 µm50µm
Classical DP microstructure Ultra-fine DP microstructure
Multi-phase steels
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Steel matrix micro-composites
• Objectives :– Improved rigidity, weight reduction
• Ways :– Increase the Young modulus and decrease the density by the
use of ceramic reinforcement (high volume fraction 10-20%) ⇒ increase E/ρ ratio
• Results with TiB2 reinforcement– With a extra-low-alloyed ferritic matrix + 12%vol. TiB2
– TiB2 precipitation during the continuous casting
– E = 245 GPa ρ = 7,32 g/cm3 ⇒ E/ρ +20%– UE = 14% TE = 21% (good compromise UTS/TE)
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Steel matrix composite Fe-TiB2
Hot rolled strip
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Strain (%)
Str
ess
(MP
a)
DP600
Composite Fer-13%TiB2
Inox 304
Inox F12T
IF
TRIP800 Good resistance
Good ductility : not commonfor metal matrix composites
The resistance can beobviously improved usingnot only a pure ferritic softmatrix
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Dynamic composites
[Spencer&al., Mat. Sci. & Eng. A, 387-89, 2004]
316 stainless steel
TRIP effect :high combination between strength and strain-hardening
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Dynamic composites : a simple view
21
strain( ) ( ) ( )ε+ε−=εσ σσ 21 .F).F1(
( )σσσσ −ε
+ε
+ε
−=εσ
1221
d
dF.
d
dF
d
d)F1(
d
d
εεε ==ε ddd 21
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Conclusions and prospects
– Driving forces for steel based composites have been determined– A classification has been proposed based on the hybrid or not hybrid
solution combined with the scale of combination– This work show that meso-scale dynamic composite doesn’t exist
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6/17/2014 Confidential 17
Strain -Hardening Controlby Architecture
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Motivations (1)
•Work-Hardening is one of the key properties controlling :– The formability (locus of necking)– Strain and stress fields at crack tip (toughness, tearing resistance)
•But WH decreases with strength
[Bouaziz, Mat. Sc. For. 2009]
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Motivations (2)
Low carbon steels used in automotive industry
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Motivations (3)
•Architecture could overcome the common limitations related to the combination of contradictory properties
– density/stiffness– density/strength– stiffness/toughness– ………..
•But what about the strain-hardening?
•For Metal Matrix Composites, the usual shapes of reinforcement are particle or fiber•Is it the best shape?
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Interest of corrugated reinforcement :
numerical simulations (1)
[Bouaziz&al., Proc. MRS 2009]
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Interest of corrugated reinforcement (2)
•WH can even be an increasing function of strain!!
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Experimental illustration of the concept (1)
: sandwich with corrugated core
•Efficient way to control WH by geometry (to be published)
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Experimental illustration of the concept (2)
: corrugated laser treatment
Référence
h/P=0.1 : Essai1 (E1)
h/P=0.2 Essai2 (E2)
h/P=0.3 Essai3 (E3)
Laser
[Bouaziz, scripta mat., 68, 2013]
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Microstructure
E1
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 5 10 15 20
position en x (mm)
dure
té (
HV
)
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Tensile tests (1)
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Tensile tests (2) : stress-strain curvesTraction après revenu 200°C/1H
0100
200300
400500
600700
800900
0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2
ε
σv
(MP
a)
DP600 revenu
Droit revenu
Ondulation 1 revenue
Ondulation 2 revenue
Ondulation 3 revenue
corrugatedstraight
base metal
•Corrugated thermal treatments by laser change the combination between strength and WH
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Conclusions
•The WH can also be mastered by architecture (corrugated reinforcement for instance)
•The concept could be nicely applied to (collaboration with Y. Champion) :
– Metallic glasses– Nano-grained metals
•The manufacturing processes of architectured materials have now to be carefully investigated