-
Re and source mean reciprocal, to use something from the Earth and then to be the source of its renewal. Todays dictionaries define resource as any property that can be converted into money. Yet if we go back to the original sense of the word re-source, we will find that the biological sustainability of our forests lies embodied in a word that we blithely use but do not fully understand.- Chris Maser, 2001
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Emerging Trends inForest Certification The Role of Chain of Custody SystemsPARTNERS
McGill School of Environment Sustainable Forestry Certification WatchGroup Members Dr. Arun Agrawal (Faculty Advisor) Reid Allaway Rosanne DOrazio Alexandra English Melanie Grefard Mark Haber Ray Holberber Lisa Roscoe
-
Presentation OutlineReid: IntroductionResearch questions and methodsQuestion 1: resultsMel:Questions 2 and 3: resultsAli:Question 4: resultsMark:Conclusions and Recommendations
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About our PartnerSustainable Forestry Certification WatchNon-profit NGO based in MontrealProvides research and analysis services to the growing forest certification communityPublishes Forest Certification Watch newsletterArranges annual conference to promote development in the certification sectorMar. 25-29,2002 in Vancouver
Many Thanks to SFCWs Stewart Fast for his assistance with this projectwww.certificationwatch.org
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Goals of Forest CertificationAn approach to forestry practices designed to:Improve forest management practicesMinimize environmental impactsCapture market incentivesIncorporate long term perspectiveRecognize exemplary practicesInvolve multiple stakeholdersImprove consumer confidence
-
The supply chain of forest productsChain of Custody CertificationDelivers the message:This product has been made with timber from well-managed forests - and we can prove it!
-
Research Questions1. How do the various certification systems differ in their approach to supply chain verification?2. What are the motivations for acquiring FSC Chain of Custody certification?3. How are North American FSC Chain of Custody certified companies affected by their certification?4. What are the dynamics within the FSC supply chain and how do they affect different players in the chain of custody?
-
MethodsLiterature ReviewTelephone Interviews 48 interviews total represents9% of all Canadian companies8% of all US companies56% response rateboth COC and COC/FM certificate holdersData AnalysisLiterature review and analysisSurvey data compiled and examined to reveal trends using charts and cross-tabulations
Chart2
7
1
33
7
Survey Respondents
Sheet1
CALLERCOMP-NAMECONT-PERSONCERT-TYPECALL-NUMBPRODUCTISSUE-DATECOUNTRYFSC-1?MOTIVEWHY-FSC?AWARENESSCREDIBLE-SELFCREDIBLE-MKTCREDIBLE-ENV-GRPHARMONIZECERT-INVESTRECUP-COSTRECUP-MONTHINT-ADJUSTTOTAL-SALE-PRIORTOTAL-SALE-1YRCERT-SALE-1YRCERT-SALE-CURRENTMKT-SHARE-CHANGEPREMIUMPREMIUM-PERCENTSUPPLYBUYINGSELLINGBRAND-NAMEBENEFITSRENEWALENV-INITIATIVESSUPPLY-COC/FM
AliColumbia Forest Products: Old Fort N.C.Jeff Tuckey828-724-4191COC3hardwood plywood1999US12522212200 000102, 4110 000 000110 000 0006 600 0006 600 00001012237220
AliConrad Forest ProductsBruce Stennett541-756-2595COC1softwood lumber and plywood and poles processor2002US2232122210 000106-marketing/advertising35 000 00035 000 000000211.312235220
AliAnderson Lumber CompanyAnna Anderson814-837-9695COC3high grade logs and lumber2000US22,5-convenience62-12-124000100280 000280 000280 000280 00002222137210
AliACMI, Inc.Randy Keip229-888-3303COC3custom mill work, mouldings2001US224100024200102,42 000 0002 000 0000001011131210
AliIrving Forest ProductsAndre Beaulieu506-632-7777COC/FM1lumber and softwood chips2000CAN22,46222223 000 000+102,4-2-2-2-201010231122
AliShasta ForestsMr. Rynearson530-336-6986COC/FM2stumpage, conifer logs, hardwood chip logs2000US24,5-interest in community22222-180 000104,6-marketing/advertising50 000 00050 000 00045 000 00045 000 00001020208-supports viability of local manufacturers and good for forestry222
AliColumbia Forest Products: Presqu'isleNick Straetz207-764-4428COC3veneer1999US22322-12230 000100-2-2-2-201022235210
AliOrnamental MouldingsSusan Reed519-884-4080COC1wood mouldings1999CAN241,32-1-1-126000104-2-2-2-201012231210
MarkPrecision Veneer ProductsTim Turcott519-758-0960COC2plywood (hardwood and softwood) and veneer2000CAN22410001-22-15-2-20001011221-110
MarkNorth Enderby Timber Ltd.Duane Baumle250-838-9668COC3cedar lumber, decking and siding2001CAN22210002-110517 000 00017 000 0000001012235210
MarkOrnamentum FurnitureGrant Wyllychuck604-215-7444COC1solid wood furniture1999CAN241,2,3,7-benefits local community2111102-12,4031 00015 00022 000-11012114,8-niche for small businesses220
MarkClear Lake Furniture Inc.Derek Karner802-228-8395COC2custom home and office furniture2002US22410002100020.541 100 0001 100 000650 000650 00001012238-access to better quality wood210
MarkColonial CraftAngela Shrock651-631-3110COC3manufacturer of mouldings, doors, window grills, architectural mouldings, and picture frames, custom millwork1994US25-FSC encouragement1,2,322222-1-1-14-2-2-2-2-11022211,4210
MarkHA Stiles Company (HASCO)Cynthia Zills800-494-2945COC1dowels, hardwood and softwood2002US2252222285010-1-1-1-1-1-11011131-1-10
MarkPacific States Industries/Redwood Empire SawmillJason Goldberg707-894-4241COC4lumber2001US242,622222-1102,4-2-2-2-201012225220
MarkPacific Wood Systems Inc.Charles Coury541-935-9663COC2manufacturer of architectural wood surface products1998US22,41,2,3,52111210 0002-141 000 0001 000 00050 00050 000321011221,8-movement towards green products is a trend which is here to stay210
MelMid-Maine ForestryBarrie Brusila207-273-4046COC/FM2certified logs1998US22,41,32111-15500102-2-2-2-2-11000211222
MelTrue Temper Hardware - A Huffy Co.Dennis Apple814-438-7116COC1broker/distributor of dowels and squares1997US1222122110 0002-1210 000 000-1-13 500 000-11022231210
MelBrunkow Hardwood Corporation-SawmillBob Brunkow715-673-4343COC/FM1lumber, kiln dried2002US2262222-150 000102,4-1-1-1600 00021010227-111
MelSarita Furniture Ltd.Keith Wyton250-723-1879COC1furniture parts1999CAN241,3211025000102-2-2-2-2-11011124,8-allows for voice in industry/sustainable forestry210
MelMidwest Hardwood Corp.Chris Olson763-391-6714COC1lumber1995US122,32221225 0002-13,450 000 00060 000 0001000100 00001011136120
MelTubator Mill IncDon Deschenes360-288-2234COC1cedar and whitewood fence and lumber products2000US124211226000105-1-10000012236110
MelTechtrabois IncMark Thibault418-244-3654COC1hardwood floring material2000CAN2251-1-1-1-12000-1-12,4-1-1-1-1-11012138-improved business efficiency210
RosanneTembecCharles Gagnon819-627-4230COC3hardwood chips, flooring, mill chips, paper board, pulp2001CAN22,3,41,2,3,7-affiliation with WWF211123 000 000101,32 500 000 0002 500 000 0000-1Inc1012111220
ReidStanley Lumber ProductDavid Stanley601-735-5007COC3dimensional lumber, soft and hardwood2002US22,34,5222-1-1450010425 000 00025 000 00050 00050 00001022231210
RosanneEdward F. KocjancicEdward Kocjancic814-837-8488COC/FM3N/A2001US25-image3,7-public acceptance222-1220 000104-2-2-1-1-11012236-111
RosanneUnity Forest ProductsAnita Elphick530-671-7152COC1softwood lumber, fencing, siding and specialty products2000US2232112-130 000104,6-marketing/advertising26 000 00026 000 0003000300001012234,52-10
RosanneSiskiyou Lumber ProductsJim Russell800-695-0210COC3broker/distributor secondary manufacuturer2001US22,32,32111220 000102,430 000 00030 000 00020 00020 00001022236110
RosanneEggers Industries NeenahPaul Niehaus920-722-6444COC2doors2002US2222222215 00010465 000 00065 000 00000023012221,4220
RosanneSpecialty VeneerAllan Young715-627-2889COC3veneer2000US22,5-image5221125000104-2-220 00020 000Inc212.522224210
ReidDLH Nordisk Inc.Christian Mengel336-852-8341COC1brokerage2001US225221124000105-2-20-201021231210
ReidCharles Shackleton and Miranda Thomas Ltd.Hamilton Gillett802-672-5175COC1furniture and furniture parts2002US24,5-pride in work and quality of product62-1-1-1135001042 400 0002 400 000-12 300 00001021222,7210
ReidFletcher ChallengeDave Durst410-850-5433COC3sales office/importer-reseller2001US225,6212-1-2-1-1-12,4-1-1-1-1Inc1022124210
ReidBig Creek Lumber CoJanet Webb831-457-5023COC/FM2mill2001US23,4,5-FSC encouragement3,7-initially SCS2211270 000102,4-1-102 2000 000-11022221,422-1
LisaEscon CorpGerry Leyra562-927-3456COC2solid wood exterior doors, engineered wood doors2001US22,31,2,3211111 000 000101,2,3,4-1-1-15 000 000Inc21521231,4220
LisaNew World Millworks Inc.Rick DeSimone303-791-9003COC1architectural millwork manufacturer2002US222,7-supply is FSC certified21112900103,6-policy10 500 000-1-10022022236210
LisaAdirondack Hardwoods/Saranac Hollow WoodworkingHal Moore518-293-8424COC1cabinets, flooring furniture, plywood, lumber2000US243222223 500102,4300 000300 00020022 000Inc1022224,7210
LisaSteve Staub Forestry and Environmnetal ConsultingSteve Staub831-332-0433COC/FM4certified redwood logs1998US22,41,3222229 000103,41 250 0001 250 000750 000100 00001020231,4222
RosanneColumbia Forest ProductsTim Spayde434-432-2591COC2plywood (hardwood)2000US12,3,42,3122-1250 0001041 000 000 0001 000 000 000-1-1-11011206220
RayRivianna Natural DesignsCrystal Mario434-244-3447COC2plaques2002US24,2321-11216 0002122,4-2-2-2-2-11012221,4,7220
RayWoodstream Corp.Bob Hoefel717-626-2125COC1rodent traps1999US2251000-2-2-2-24-2-2-2-211022231210
RayRex HardwoodDave Doucette978-263-0055COC2hardwood mouldings2001US247-supply is FSC certified22-11215 000105-1-1-1100 00002712234,8-constant supply of FSC210
RayTaraca Pacific Inc.Kur Antono415-765-0422COC1distribute tropical plywood2001US22522-112500021520 000 00020 000 0000001011231220
RayTBM HardwoodsAndy Garbik717-630-0025COC1kiln drying and lumber2001US2222-111-1200 000-1-12,4-1-1-1-1010122-17210
RayKingman Products Inc.Benny Ho925-377-1800COC2outdoor furniture2001US231100022000215-2-2-211 00001011234-110
RayKearse Manufacturing Inc.Chester Kearse Jr.803-368-8130COC/FM1veneer2001US2252211240 0001043 500 0003 500 0001 500 00050 000021022221,7212
RayWycombe Wood ProductsTim Clisch608-666-2446COC1mouldings2002US22,4321222500021427 600 000-1-120 00001012225210
LisaRoseburg Forest ProductsKaren Hess541-679-2728COC2veneer2000US22410002-1-1-13,4-2-2-2-2-1-1-122224210
Sheet2
TOTAL-SALE-CURRENTSUPPLYBUYINGSELLINGTOTAL-SALE-CURRENTRENEWAL
-2002SUPPLYAREA-21
-21220NE-22
-21221S-22
-21111W-2-1
-21021S-22
-21221NE-22
-21121NC-22
-21221NC-22
-21211W-2-1
-21221W-22
-21111NE-22
-21221NE-22
-21121W-22
-21021W-2-1
-21111NC-22
-11111W-1-1
-11221NC-11
-11211W-12
-11211NE-12
1 000 0001221NESUPPLY1 000 0002
1 000 0001221NEhardwood plywoodLG01 000 0002
1 000 000 0001221Wsoftwood lumber and plywood and poles processorP11 000 000 0002
1 100 0001121NChigh grade logs and lumberL, P, O11 100 0002
110 000 0001221Scustom mill work, mouldingsM, S1110 000 0002
110 000 0001221Slumber and softwood chipsL, O1110 000 0001
13 500 0001121NEstumpage, conifer logs, hardwood chip logsM, S113 500 0002
17 000 0001221WveneerP, V117 000 0002
17 000 0001121NEwood mouldingsL, F117 000 0002
2 000 0001221Wplywood (hardwood and softwood) and veneerF12 000 0002
2 400 0002211NCcedar lumber, decking and sidingF, S12 400 0002
2 500 000 0002022NEsolid wood furnitureO12 500 000 0002
20 000 0002222Wcustom home and office furnitureL120 000 0002
20 000 0002222NEmanufacturer of mouldings, doors, window grills, architectural mouldings, and picture frames, custom millworkO120 000 0002
25 000 0002222NCdowels, hardwood and softwoodL125 000 0002
25 000 0002222NElumberF125 000 0002
26 000 0002222Smanufacturer of architectural wood surface productsL126 000 0002
280 0002222Wcertified logsL, O1280 0002
3 000 0002122NCbroker/distributor of dowels and squaresFL13 000 000-1
3 500 0002122Slumber, kiln driedFL, O13 500 0002
30 000 0002212NEfurniture parts130 000 0001
330 0002222SlumberL, S, O1330 0002
35 000 0002122Wcedar and whitewood fence and lumber productsS135 000 0002
50 000 0002222Whardwood floring materialP150 000 0002
65 0002222NEhardwood chips, flooring, mill chips, paper board, pulpO165 0002
65 000 0002022NEdimensional lumber, soft and hardwoodM165 000 0002
8 500 0002222WN/AP, B18 500 0002
85 000 0002222NEsoftwood lumber, fencing, siding and specialty productsL185 000 0002
9 300 0002222Sbroker/distributor secondary manufacuturerF19 300 0002
2WdoorsM1
veneerL, LG2
CERT-TYPECOUNTRYbrokerageLG2
COCUSfurniture and furniture partsV2
COCUSsales office/importer-resellerM, S, O2
COCUSmillO, B2
COCUSsolid wood exterior doors, engineered wood doorsL2
COC/FMCANarchitectural millwork manufacturerB2
COC/FMUScabinets, flooring furniture, plywood, lumberV2
COCUScertified redwood logsB2
COCCANplywood (hardwood)F2
COCCANplaquesB2
COCCANrodent trapsP, L2
COCCANhardwood mouldingsS2
COCUSdistribute tropical plywoodO2
COCUSkiln drying and lumberF, FL, P, L2
COCUSoutdoor furnitureLG2
COCUSveneerS2
COCUSCanada COC7mouldingsV2
COC/FMUSCanada COC/FM1veneerV2
COCUSUS COC33
COC/FMUSUS COC/FM7
COCCAN
COCUS
COCUS
COCCAN
COCCAN
COCUS
COC/FMUS
COCUS
COCUS
COCUS
COCUS
COCUS
COCUS
COCUS
COC/FMUS
COCUS
COCUS
COCUS
COC/FMUS
COCUS
COCUS
COCUS
COCUS
COCUS
COCUS
COCUS
COC/FMUS
COCUS
COCUS
Sheet2
0
0
0
0
Respondent Distribution
Chart1
01
10
0.440.56
0.460.54
01
Adequate Supply
Inadequate Supply
Sales Volumes
Percent Response
Fig. 7A Adequacy of Supply vs. Size of Company
Sheet3
yes63%Northeast33%
no25%West33%
don't know13%North Central17%
South17%
Adequate SupplyInadequate SupplyCERT-SALE-CURRENTSUPPLY
10 K -100 K0%100%-21
100 K - 1 M100%0%-22
1 M - 10 M44%56%-21
10 M -100 M46%54%-22
more than 100 M0%100%-21
-20
All respondentsAdequate supplyInadequate supply-21
Mouldings10%5%14%-22
Specialty Items15%11%18%-21
Flooring2%5%7%-22
Furniture15%11%18%-22
Logs8%21%0%-11
Brokerage10%21%4%-11
Veneer10%21%4%-11
Lumber27%21%32%-11
Plywood10%0%18%-12
Other23%16%29%-11
-11
01
CERT-TYPECERT-INVESTPREMIUMBUYINGSELLINGSUPPLY-COC/FM01
COC200 000122001
COC10 000222001
COC4000221001
COC4200111001
COC/FM3 000 000+102202
COC/FM80 000102201
COC30 000122030001
COC60001220100 0001
COC-21120100 0002
COC-11220100 0001
COC0121011 0001
COC100012202 2000 0002
COC-112202 300 0002
COC850111020 0002
COC-1122020 0002
COC10 000212020 0001
COC/FM5500102222 0001
COC10 000122022 0002
COC/FM50 000102110 K -100 K280 0002
COC50001110100 K - 1 M3 500 0002
COC25 00011101 M - 10 M45 000 0002
COC6000022010 M -100 M5 000 0002
COC20001210more than 100 M50 0001
COC3 000 000121050 0002
COC4500122050 0002
COC/FM20 00012216 600 0001
COC30 0001220600 0001
COC20 0001220650 0001
COC15 0002220
COC50002220
COC40001120
COC35001120
COC-11210
COC/FM70 000122-1
COC1 000 0002120
COC9002220
COC3 5001220
COC/FM9 0001022
COC50 0001120
COC16 0001220
COC-21220
COC15 0002220
COC50001120
COC200 0001220
COC20001120
COC/FM40 0002222
COC50001220
COC-1-1220
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Research Question 1:How do the various certification systems differ in their approach to supply chain verification?
HypothesesMain differences areVerification methodCredibilityOriginsFSC chain of custody systemIs most rigorous and comprehensiveHolds the greatest potential for future developments
-
Origins of Certification SystemsIndustry InitiativesCSA, SFIEnvironmental NGO InitiativesFSCNon forestry-specific standardsISO 14000
-
Credibility and VerificationSystems-based vs. Performance-based1st, 2nd or 3rd party verificationFrequency of audits
-
Supply Chain VerificationChain of custody monitoringSystems-based (volume monitoring)Performance based (physical monitoring)
Certification of some or all product handlersFSC = all links in chainSFI, CSA = some or most but not allISO = not applicable
-
Public confidenceCredibility is as Important to the Industry as to ConsumersReal commitment to sustainable forestry or simple self preservation?Commitment to sustainable forestry must be real. A media campaign to change attitudes will not work. They [the public] will find out-Ragnar Friberg, chief forester, Stora Forest and Timber, SwedenCredibility is the Key
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Why Focus on theForest Stewardship Council (FSC)?International adoptionRigorous standards and verificationConsidered credible by all playersOnly system to integrate social concernsUnique chain of custody
Chart1
0.42
0.29
0.23
0.21
0.13
0.13
0.1
FSC Benefits
Responses (%)
Why FSC?
Sheet1
Most stringent42%
Most established29%
Buyer demand23%
International recognition21%
Convenience13%
Other13%
Unaware of other systems10%
Sheet2
Sheet3
-
Research Question 2: What are the motivations for acquiring FSC COC certification?
Hypothesis: Main motivations included gaining market access, appeasing NGO pressures and satisfying consumer demand.
-
Motivations75% : market access35% : environmental concern15% : public pressure0 % : premiums
Chart7
75
35
15
15
0
Percent of Companies (%)
Motivations
Feuil1
recupFSC-1?Q8FSC-1?Q1no to recupfirst FSCQ9Q16
-22111first FSCINT-ADJUSTtotal45PremiumsCERT-INVESTQ7
-12Recup costs2no512first FSC-2no (1)22, 4inter adjustdata to use /45premium rec# of compagn-2MOTIVE
-12yes102yes4312no3-2yes (2)86-marketing/advertising1new management24yes9-22
-12no32212yes32-102product handling1840no370%8037-12
-12don't know5212-12,43training programs6131-5%21-12,5-convenience
-12refuse1212-12,44record keeping31696-10%73-12
11212-14,6-marketing/advertising5none71611-15%73-12,4
12212-106other3716-20%21-14,5-interest in community
122120log categories4-1don't know121-25%010range 0 to 30000002
1221285050not asked226-30%2128504n = 48
122129000-1K0 - 1000451004639002
1221210001K - 100K1001 - 100000322,441000av invested $2/48 x 100 %
122122000100K- 1M100001 - 10000003452000194340.2439024394
1221220001M +1000001 +246200022market access7536
122113500-1internal adjust/45 x 100%735005-FSC encouragement4environmental concern3517
122123500n= 412,48350023public pressure157
1221240004record keeping699400045other157
1211240002product handling401040002,41premiums00
1221242002none161142002,4
1221245002,4training programs131245002
1111250002other71350002
121125000Yes to recupfirst FSC3,4new management41450004
122125000225total= 149%1550002
1221250000222,4total responses1650002
122125500221,31755002
12212yes to first FSC4360002241860002,3,4
12212no haven't recup3260002141960002,3
122129000214,6-marketing/advertising2090005-image
1221210000222,421100002
122111000022422100002,3
1221210000022423100002
122121500022524150002,5-image
122150000425150002
122160002,426160004,5-pride in work and quality of product
122200002,427200002
112200001,2,3,428200003,4,5-FSC encouragement
122250003,6-policy29250002,3
122300002,430300002
221300003,431300004
22240000432400002,4
222500002,433500002,3,4
22250000434500004,2
21270000535700002
21280000536800004
22renewed522000002,4372000002
22recup222000005382000002
22not recup32100000043910000003
222300000024030000002
3000000+3,44130000002,4
CERT-INVEST2
Feuil1
5
43
First FSC certifacate?
Feuil2
3
32
Of no to recup; no / yes to First FSC
Feuil3
2
8
Of yes to recup; no / yes to first FSC
9
37
Premiums
2
3
Of those renued, 40% has recup
10
32
Recuperated Costs
69
40
16
13
7
4
Percent of Compagnies (%)
Internal Adjustments
80
2
7
7
2
0
2
% Premiums Received
% of Companies
% Premiums Received by Companies
4
32
3
2
Costs ($)
number of companies
Costs of Certification
0
0
0
0
0
Percent of Companies (%)
Motivations
-
Research Question 3:How are North American COC certified companies affected by their certification?
Hypothesis:The majority of companies have not yet recuperated costs.
-
Costs of CertificationMost companies have invested $1001-$100,000
Costs Attributed toprice of certificationyearly auditinginternal adjustments
Chart6
4
32
3
2
Costs ($)
number of companies
Feuil1
recupFSC-1?Q8FSC-1?Q1no to recupfirst FSCQ9Q16
-22111first FSCINT-ADJUSTtotal45PremiumsCERT-INVESTQ7
-12Recup costs2no512first FSC-2no (1)22, 4inter adjustdata to use /45premium rec# of compagn-2
-12yes102yes4312no3-2yes (2)86-marketing/advertising1new management24yes9-2
-12no32212yes32-102product handling1840no370%8037-1
-12don't know5212-12,43training programs6131-5%21-1
-12refuse1212-12,44record keeping31696-10%73-1
11212-14,6-marketing/advertising5none71611-15%73-1
12212-106other3716-20%21-1
122120log categories4-1don't know121-25%010range 0 to 3000000
1221285050not asked226-30%212850
122129000-1K0 - 100045100463900
1221210001K - 100K1001 - 100000322,441000av invested $
122122000100K- 1M100001 - 10000003452000194340.243902439
1221220001M +1000001 +2462000
122113500-1internal adjust/45 x 100%73500
1221235002,483500
1221240004record keeping6994000
1211240002product handling40104000
1221242002none16114200
1221245002,4training programs13124500
1111250002other7135000
121125000Yes to recupfirst FSC3,4new management4145000
122125000225total= 149%155000
1221250000222,4total responses165000
122125500221,3175500
12212yes to first FSC436000224186000
12212no haven't recup326000214196000
122129000214,6-marketing/advertising209000
1221210000222,42110000
12211100002242210000
122121000002242310000
12212150002252415000
12215000042515000
122160002,42616000
122200002,42720000
112200001,2,3,42820000
122250003,6-policy2925000
122300002,43030000
221300003,43130000
2224000043240000
222500002,43350000
2225000043450000
2127000053570000
2128000053680000
22renewed522000002,437200000
22recup22200000538200000
22not recup3210000004391000000
22230000002403000000
3000000+3,4413000000
CERT-INVEST
Feuil1
5
43
First FSC certifacate?
Feuil2
0
0
Of no to recup; no / yes to First FSC
Feuil3
2
8
Of yes to recup; no / yes to first FSC
9
37
Premiums
2
3
Of those renued, 40% has recup
10
32
Recuperated Costs
69
40
16
13
7
4
Percent of Compagnies (%)
Internal Adjustments
80
2
7
7
2
0
2
% Premiums Received
% of Companies
% Premiums Received by Companies
0
0
0
0
Costs ($)
number of companies
Costs of Certification
-
Internal Adjustments69% : record keeping 40% : product handling16% : none
Chart1
69
40
16
13
7
4
Percent of Compagnies (%)
Feuil1
recupFSC-1?Q8FSC-1?Q1no to recupfirst FSCQ9Q16
-22111first FSCINT-ADJUSTtotal45PremiumsCERT-INVESTQ7
-12Recup costs2no512first FSCno (1)22, 4inter adjustdata to use /45premium rec# of compagn-2
-12yes102yes4312no3yes (2)86-marketing/advertising1new management24yes9-2
-12no32212yes3202product handling1840no370%8037-1
-12don't know52122,43training programs6131-5%21-1
-12refuse12122,44record keeping31696-10%73-1
112124,6-marketing/advertising5none71611-15%73-1
1221206other3716-20%21-1
122124-1don't know121-25%010range 0 to 3000000
1221250not asked226-30%212850
122125100463900
122122,441000av invested $
12212452000194340.243902439
12212462000
12211-1internal adjust/45 x 100%73500
122122,483500
122124record keeping6994000
121122product handling40104000
122122none16114200
122122,4training programs13124500
111122other7135000
12112Yes to recupfirst FSC3,4new management4145000
12212225total= 149%155000
12212222,4total responses165000
12212221,3175500
12212yes to first FSC43224186000
12212no haven't recup32214196000
12212214,6-marketing/advertising209000
12212222,42110000
122112242210000
122122242310000
122122252415000
12242515000
1222,42616000
1222,42720000
1121,2,3,42820000
1223,6-policy2925000
1222,43030000
2213,43130000
22243240000
2222,43350000
22243450000
21253570000
21253680000
22renewed522,437200000
22recup22538200000
22not recup324391000000
2222403000000
3,4413000000
Feuil1
0
0
First FSC certifacate?
Feuil2
0
0
Of no to recup; no / yes to First FSC
Feuil3
0
0
Of yes to recup; no / yes to first FSC
0
0
Premiums
0
0
Of those renued, 40% has recup
0
0
Recuperated Costs
0
0
0
0
0
0
Percent of Compagnies (%)
Internal Adjustments
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
% Premiums Received
% of Companies
% Premiums Received by Companies
-
Costs Recuperated?76% of companies have not yet recuperated the costs of their certification.
Why not?
Chart5
10
32
Feuil1
recupFSC-1?Q8FSC-1?Q1no to recupfirst FSCQ9Q16
-22111first FSCINT-ADJUSTtotal45PremiumsCERT-INVESTQ7
-12Recup costs2no512first FSCno (1)22, 4inter adjustdata to use /45premium rec# of compagn-2
-12yes102yes4312no3yes (2)86-marketing/advertising1new management24yes9-2
-12no32212yes3202product handling1840no370%8037-1
-12don't know52122,43training programs6131-5%21-1
-12refuse12122,44record keeping31696-10%73-1
112124,6-marketing/advertising5none71611-15%73-1
1221206other3716-20%21-1
122124-1don't know121-25%010range 0 to 3000000
1221250not asked226-30%212850
122125100463900
122122,441000av invested $
12212452000194340.243902439
12212462000
12211-1internal adjust/45 x 100%73500
122122,483500
122124record keeping6994000
121122product handling40104000
122122none16114200
122122,4training programs13124500
111122other7135000
12112Yes to recupfirst FSC3,4new management4145000
12212225total= 149%155000
12212222,4total responses165000
12212221,3175500
12212yes to first FSC43224186000
12212no haven't recup32214196000
12212214,6-marketing/advertising209000
12212222,42110000
122112242210000
122122242310000
122122252415000
12242515000
1222,42616000
1222,42720000
1121,2,3,42820000
1223,6-policy2925000
1222,43030000
2213,43130000
22243240000
2222,43350000
22243450000
21253570000
21253680000
22renewed522,437200000
22recup22538200000
22not recup324391000000
2222403000000
3,4413000000
Feuil1
0
0
First FSC certifacate?
Feuil2
0
0
Of no to recup; no / yes to First FSC
Feuil3
0
0
Of yes to recup; no / yes to first FSC
0
0
Premiums
2
3
Of those renued, 40% has recup
0
0
Recuperated Costs
0
0
0
0
0
0
Percent of Compagnies (%)
Internal Adjustments
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
% Premiums Received
% of Companies
% Premiums Received by Companies
-
Why are costs not recuperated?
77 % of companies have less than 20 % certified sales.
80 % of companies receive no premiums.
-
Premiums ?Only 2 companies receive premiums greater than 15%.
Chart1
80
2
7
7
2
0
2
% Premiums Received
% of Companies
% Premiums Received by Companies
Feuil1
recupFSC-1?Q8FSC-1?Q1no to recupfirst FSCQ9Q16
-22111first FSCINT-ADJUSTtotal45PremiumsCERT-INVESTQ7
-12Recup costs2no512first FSC-2no (1)22, 4inter adjustdata to use /45premium rec# of compagn-2MOTIVE
-12yes102yes4312no3-2yes (2)86-marketing/advertising1new management24yes9-22
-12no32212yes32-102product handling1840no370%8037-12
-12don't know5212-12,43training programs6131-5%21-12,5-convenience
-12refuse1212-12,44record keeping31696-10%73-12
11212-14,6-marketing/advertising5none71611-15%73-12,4
12212-106other3716-20%21-14,5-interest in community
122120log categories4-1don't know121-25%010range 0 to 30000002
1221285050not asked226-30%2128504n = 48
122129000-1K0 - 1000451004639002
1221210001K - 100K1001 - 100000322,441000av invested $2/48 x 100 %
122122000100K- 1M100001 - 10000003452000194340.2439024394
1221220001M +1000001 +246200022market access7536
122113500-1internal adjust/45 x 100%735005-FSC encouragement4environmental concern3517
122123500n= 412,48350023public pressure157
1221240004record keeping699400045other157
1211240002product handling401040002,41premiums00
1221242002none161142002,4
1221245002,4training programs131245002
1111250002other71350002
121125000Yes to recupfirst FSC3,4new management41450004
122125000225total= 149%1550002
1221250000222,4total responses1650002
122125500221,31755002
12212yes to first FSC4360002241860002,3,4
12212no haven't recup3260002141960002,3
122129000214,6-marketing/advertising2090005-image
1221210000222,421100002
122111000022422100002,3
1221210000022423100002
122121500022524150002,5-image
122150000425150002
122160002,426160004,5-pride in work and quality of product
122200002,427200002
112200001,2,3,428200003,4,5-FSC encouragement
122250003,6-policy29250002,3
122300002,430300002
221300003,431300004
22240000432400002,4
222500002,433500002,3,4
22250000434500004,2
21270000535700002
21280000536800004
22renewed522000002,4372000002
22recup222000005382000002
22not recup32100000043910000003
222300000024030000002
3000000+3,44130000002,4
CERT-INVEST2
Feuil1
0
0
First FSC certifacate?
Feuil2
0
0
Of no to recup; no / yes to First FSC
Feuil3
0
0
Of yes to recup; no / yes to first FSC
0
0
Premiums
2
3
Of those renued, 40% has recup
0
0
Recuperated Costs
0
0
0
0
0
0
Percent of Compagnies (%)
Internal Adjustments
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
% Premiums Received
% of Companies
% Premiums Received by Companies
0
0
0
0
Costs ($)
number of companies
Costs of Certification
0
0
0
0
0
Percent of Companies (%)
Motivations
-
Question 4: What are the dynamics within the FSC supply chain and how do they affect different players in the chain of custody?Three hypotheses:Organization size is not a limiting factor in acquiring FSC COC certificationSupply of certified wood products in the supply chain is inadequateCOC processes are mainly driven by buyer organizations that are responding to consumer demand
-
Company Location
Chart1
0.33
0.33
0.17
0.17
5A-Supply-region
5A-Supply-region
0.33
0.33
0.17
0.17
4A-Buyers-suppliers
0.810.19
0.720.28
Adequate
Inadequate
Location
Percentage Response
Fig. 5A Adequacy of Supply per Region
South
South
Northeast
Northeast
West
West
North Central
North Central
0.5
0.5
0.47
0.53
0.38
0.62
0.25
0.75
Same
Different
Company Buyers and Suppliers
Percentage Response
Fig. 4A Buyers/Suppliers after Certification
3A-Supply
0.630.250.13
0.40.60
Adequate
Inadequate
Don't know
Certificate Holders
Percentage Response
Fig. 3A Supply Adequacy
6A-buyers-suppliers-supply
0.220.78
0.250.75
0.450.55
0.450.55
Adequate Supply
Inadequate Supply
Company Buyers/Suppliers after Certification
Percentage Response
Fig. 6A Buyer/Supplier vs Adequacy of Supply
Sheet1
SUPPLY-COC/FMSUPPLYBUYINGSELLING
0122
0122
0221
0111SouthNortheastWestNorth Central
2102Adequate50%47%38%25%
2202Inadequate50%53%62%75%
0222
0122
0112
0122
0121
0122
0222BuyersSuppliers
0111Same81%72%
0122Different19%28%
0112
2002NortheastWestNorth CentralSouth
022233%33%17%17%
1102
0111COC/FMCOC
0111Adequate63%40%
0122Inadequate25%60%
0121Don't know13%0%
0121
0222
1122Same BuyersDifferent BuyersSame SuppliersDifferent Suppliers
0122Adequate Supply45%22%45%25%
0222Inadequate Supply55%78%55%75%
0122Different BuyersDifferent SuppliersSame BuyersSame Suppliers
0222Adequate Supply22%25%45%45%
0212Inadequate Supply78%75%55%55%
0212
0221
-1222
0212
0222
0222
2202
0112
0122
0222
0122
0112
0122
0112
2222
0122
0222
Sheet2
Sheet3
-
Hypothesis 1: Organization size is not a limiting factor in acquiring FSC COC certification. Findings:only 60% of companies responded3 companies have sales under 1 million $76% of companies between 1 and 100 million $ Discussion:certification is not a function of size no apparent disadvantage once certifiedsupported by recent surveys1
1 Humphries et al. (1998),Carter and Merry (1995)
Chart1
1
2
9
13
4
Total Sales Volume (K=1000, M=1,000,000)
Number of companies
Current total sales volume of certified companies
Chart2
1
3
6
13
4
Total Sales Volume (K=1000, M=1,000,000)
Number of companies
Current total sales volume of certified companies
Sheet1
10 K -100 K1
100 K - 1 M2
1 M - 10 M9
10 M -100 M13
more than 100 M4
Sheet1
0
0
0
0
0
Total Sales Volume (K=1000, M=1,000,000)
Number of companies
Current total sales volume of certified companies
Sheet2
Sheet3
-
Hypothesis 2: Supply of certified wood in supply chain is inadequate.60% of COC respondents have an inadequate supply
Yet 60% of COC/FM respondents say they have sufficient supply to meet buyer (COC) demand.
How can that be?
Chart7
0.630.250.13
0.40.60
Adequate
Inadequate
Don't know
Certificate Holders
Responses (%)
Supply Adequacy
Chart6
Chart6
0.630.250.13
0.40.60
Adequate
Inadequate
Don't know
Certificate Holders
Percentage Response
Supply Adequacy
5A-Supply-region
0.50.5
0.470.53
0.380.62
0.250.75
Adequate
Inadequate
0.4
0.6
Adequate
Inadequate
Location
Percentage Response
Fig. 5A Adequacy of Supply per Region
6A-buyers-suppliers-supply
0.220.78
0.250.75
0.450.55
0.450.55
Adequate Supply
Inadequate Supply
Company Buyers/Suppliers after Certification
Percentage Response
Fig. 6A Buyer/Supplier vs Adequacy of Supply
Sheet1
SUPPLY-COC/FMSUPPLYBUYINGSELLING
0122
0122
0221
0111SouthNortheastWestNorth Central
2102Adequate50%47%38%25%
2202Inadequate50%53%62%75%
0222
0122
0112
0122
0121
0122
0222BuyersSuppliers
0111Same81%72%
0122Different19%28%
0112
2002NortheastWestNorth CentralSouth
022233%33%17%17%
1102
0111COC/FMCOC
0111Adequate63%40%
0122Inadequate25%60%
0121Don't know13%0%
0121
0222
1122Same BuyersDifferent BuyersSame SuppliersDifferent Suppliers
0122Adequate Supply45%22%45%25%
0222Inadequate Supply55%78%55%75%
0122Different BuyersDifferent SuppliersSame BuyersSame Suppliers
0222Adequate Supply22%25%45%45%
0212Inadequate Supply78%75%55%55%
0212
0221
-1222Adequate40%
0212Inadequate60%
0222
0222
2202
0112
0122
0222
0122
0112
0122
0112
2222
0122
0222
Sheet2
Sheet3
MBD00707CDE.xls
Chart1
0.33
0.33
0.17
0.17
5A-Supply-region
5A-Supply-region
0.33
0.33
0.17
0.17
4A-Buyers-suppliers
0.810.19
0.720.28
Adequate
Inadequate
Location
Percentage Response
Fig. 5A Adequacy of Supply per Region
South
South
Northeast
Northeast
West
West
North Central
North Central
0.5
0.5
0.47
0.53
0.38
0.62
0.25
0.75
Same
Different
Company Buyers and Suppliers
Percentage Response
Fig. 4A Buyers/Suppliers after Certification
3A-Supply
0.630.250.13
0.40.60
Adequate
Inadequate
Don't know
Certificate Holders
Percentage Response
Fig. 3A Supply Adequacy
6A-buyers-suppliers-supply
0.220.78
0.250.75
0.450.55
0.450.55
Adequate Supply
Inadequate Supply
Company Buyers/Suppliers after Certification
Percentage Response
Fig. 6A Buyer/Supplier vs Adequacy of Supply
Sheet1
SUPPLY-COC/FMSUPPLYBUYINGSELLING
0122
0122
0221
0111SouthNortheastWestNorth Central
2102Adequate50%47%38%25%
2202Inadequate50%53%62%75%
0222
0122
0112
0122
0121
0122
0222BuyersSuppliers
0111Same81%72%
0122Different19%28%
0112
2002NortheastWestNorth CentralSouth
022233%33%17%17%
1102
0111COC/FMCOC
0111Adequate63%40%
0122Inadequate25%60%
0121Don't know13%0%
0121
0222
1122Same BuyersDifferent BuyersSame SuppliersDifferent Suppliers
0122Adequate Supply45%22%45%25%
0222Inadequate Supply55%78%55%75%
0122Different BuyersDifferent SuppliersSame BuyersSame Suppliers
0222Adequate Supply22%25%45%45%
0212Inadequate Supply78%75%55%55%
0212
0221
-1222
0212
0222
0222
2202
0112
0122
0222
0122
0112
0122
0112
2222
0122
0222
Sheet2
Sheet3
-
Adequate or Inadequate Supply?General agreement in the literature on a supply deficit1How to explain COC/FM response to having enough supply?COC/FM companies are mostly supplying for themselves, or their local community Supported by Humphries et al. which found that 77% of respondents sell locally.What does this mean? Lack of communication between forest management companies and buyers.
1 Humphries et al. (1998), Carter and Merry (1995)
-
Buyer/Supplier RelationsIn fact, certification does not appear to involve changing buyer/supplier relations.
72% of respondents have the same suppliers and 81% the same buyers as before certification
Chart1
0.810.19
0.720.28
Same
Different
Company Buyers and Suppliers
Percentage Response
Buyers/Suppliers after Certification
5A-Supply-region
5A-Supply-region
0.810.19
0.720.28
Same
Different
Company Buyers and Suppliers
Percentage Response
Buyers/Suppliers after Certification
1A-location
0.33
0.33
0.17
0.17
Adequate
Inadequate
Location
Percentage Response
Fig. 5A Adequacy of Supply per Region
South
South
Northeast
Northeast
West
West
North Central
North Central
0.5
0.5
0.47
0.53
0.38
0.62
0.25
0.75
Fig. 1A Company Locations
3A-Supply
0.630.250.13
0.40.60
Adequate
Inadequate
Don't know
Certificate Holders
Percentage Response
Fig. 3A Supply Adequacy
6A-buyers-suppliers-supply
0.220.78
0.250.75
0.450.55
0.450.55
Adequate Supply
Inadequate Supply
Company Buyers/Suppliers after Certification
Percentage Response
Fig. 6A Buyer/Supplier vs Adequacy of Supply
Sheet1
SUPPLY-COC/FMSUPPLYBUYINGSELLING
0122
0122
0221
0111SouthNortheastWestNorth Central
2102Adequate50%47%38%25%
2202Inadequate50%53%62%75%
0222
0122
0112
0122
0121
0122
0222BuyersSuppliers
0111Same81%72%
0122Different19%28%
0112
2002NortheastWestNorth CentralSouth
022233%33%17%17%
1102
0111COC/FMCOC
0111Adequate63%40%
0122Inadequate25%60%
0121Don't know13%0%
0121
0222
1122Same BuyersDifferent BuyersSame SuppliersDifferent Suppliers
0122Adequate Supply45%22%45%25%
0222Inadequate Supply55%78%55%75%
0122Different BuyersDifferent SuppliersSame BuyersSame Suppliers
0222Adequate Supply22%25%45%45%
0212Inadequate Supply78%75%55%55%
0212
0221
-1222
0212
0222
0222
2202
0112
0122
0222
0122
0112
0122
0112
2222
0122
0222
Sheet2
Sheet3
-
Hypothesis 3: COC processes are mainly driven by buyer organizations responding to consumer demand
Findings:Demand > Supply#1 motivation to certify = market access
Discussion:Companies are becoming certified in response to buyer demandIn order to retain market accessCannot say whether or not this is directly a result of consumer demand
-
Summary of Chain DynamicsCompanies are getting certified in order to retain buyersBuyers encourage their existing suppliers to become certified, who encourage their suppliers to become certified, who So why arent forestry companies responding to this demand?no premiums while largest costs not aware of demandlag time to certify forestry operations
-
The Future of Forest CertificationFSC COC is still in its infancyCertification is becoming increasingly popular75% of our sample received their certification since the year 2000
Chart1
1
1
1
3
6
11
15
10
Year
Organization
Issue Date of Certification
BENEFITS(2)
BENEFITS(2)
1
1
1
3
6
11
15
10
Year
Organization
Issue Date of Certification
RENEW (2)
39
5
4
Benefits of Certification
Yes
No
87.5
12.5
Renewal of Certification
BENEFIT TYPES (2)
20
15
8
7
6
6
1
Benefit
Organization
Types of Benefits Derived from Certification
PERCENT-CERT-SALES (2)
20
2
1
0
4
Percent Certified Sales
Number of Organizations
Percent Certified Sales Among those Organizations that Plan to Renew Certification
-
Renewal of Certification82% of the interviewees plan to renew their certification
Chart3
39
5
4
Chart2
Chart2
39
5
4
Renewal of Certification
BENEFITS(2)
87.5
12.5
Year
Organization
Issue Date of Certification
1994
1995
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1
1
1
3
6
11
15
10
Benefits of Certification
BENEFIT TYPES (2)
20
15
8
7
6
6
1
Benefit
Organization
Types of Benefits Derived from Certification
PERCENT-CERT-SALES (2)
20
2
1
0
4
Percent Certified Sales
Number of Organizations
Percent Certified Sales Among those Organizations that Plan to Renew Certification
-
Certification and the Market Of the organizations that plan to renew their certification:74% do not receive a premium on certified wood products51% consider the supply of certified wood products to be inadequate67% have not yet recuperated their costs from certification74% have certified sales that make up 20% or less of their total sales volume
-
Solving the Puzzle of CertificationWhy are 82% of organizations renewing their certification despite limited market incentives?
-
Reported BenefitsCOC certification provides a number of benefits which are important to the future of forest certification
Chart2
20
15
8
7
6
1
Organization
Types of Benefits Derived from Certification
Sheet1
CALLERCOMP-NAMECONT-PERSONCONT-INFOCERT-TYPECALL-NUMBPRODUCTISSUE-DATECOUNTRYFSC-1?MOTIVEWHY-FSC?AWARENESSCREDIBLE-SELFCREDIBLE-MKTCREDIBLE-ENV-GRPHARMONIZECERT-INVESTRECUP-COSTRECUP-MONTHINT-ADJUSTTOTAL-SALE-PRIORTOTAL-SALE-1YRTOTAL-SALE-CURRENTCERT-SALE-1YRCERT-SALE-CURRENTMKT-SHARE-CHANGEPREMIUMPREMIUM-PERCENTSUPPLYBUYINGSELLINGBRAND-NAMEBENEFITSRENEWALENV-INITIATIVESSUPPLY-COC/FM
AliColumbia Forest Products: Old Fort N.C.Jeff Tuckey828-724-4191COC3hardwood plywood1999US12522212200 000102, 4110 000 000110 000 000110 000 0006 600 0006 600 00001012237220
AliConrad Forest ProductsBruce Stennett541-756-2595COC1softwood lumber and plywood and poles processor2002US2232122210 000106-marketing/advertising35 000 00035 000 00035 000 000000211.312235220
AliAnderson Lumber CompanyAnna Anderson814-837-9695COC3high grade logs and lumber2000US22,5-convenience62-12-124000100280 000280 000280 000280 000280 00002222137210
AliACMI, Inc.Randy Keip229-888-3303COC3custom mill work, mouldings2001US224100024200102,42 000 0002 000 0002 000 0000001011131210
AliIrving Forest ProductsAndre Beaulieu506-632-7777COC/FM1lumber and softwood chips2000CAN22,46222223 000 000+102,4-2-2-2-2-201010231122
AliShasta ForestsMr. Rynearson530-336-6986COC/FM2stumpage, conifer logs, hardwood chip logs2000US24,5-interest in community22222-180 000104,6-marketing/advertising50 000 00050 000 00050 000 00045 000 00045 000 00001020208-supports viability of local manufacturers and good for forestry222
AliColumbia Forest Products: Presqu'isleNick Straetz207-764-4428COC3veneer1999US22322-12230 000100-2-2-2-2-201022235210
AliOrnamental MouldingsSusan Reed519-884-4080COC1wood mouldings1999CAN241,32-1-1-126000104-2-2-2-2-201012231210
MarkPrecision Veneer ProductsTim Turcott519-758-0960COC2plywood (hardwood and softwood) and veneer2000CAN22410001-22-15-2-2-20001011221-110
MarkNorth Enderby Timber Ltd.Duane Baumle250-838-9668COC3cedar lumber, decking and siding2001CAN22210002-110517 000 00017 000 00017 000 0000001012235210
MarkOrnamentum FurnitureGrant Wyllychuck604-215-7444COC1solid wood furniture1999CAN241,2,3,7-benefits local community2111102-12,4031 00065 00015 00022 000-11012114,8-niche for small businesses220
MarkClear Lake Furniture Inc.Derek Karner802-228-8395COC2custom home and office furniture2002US22410002100020.541 100 0001 100 0001 100 000650 000650 00001012238-access to better quality wood210
MarkColonial CraftAngela Shrock651-631-3110COC3manufacturer of mouldings, doors, window grills, architectural mouldings, and picture frames, custom millwork1994US25-FSC encouragement1,2,322222-1-1-14-2-2-2-2-2-11022211,4210
MarkHA Stiles Company (HASCO)Cynthia Zills800-494-2945COC1dowels, hardwood and softwood2002US2252222285010-1-1-1-1-1-1-11011131-1-10
MarkPacific States Industries/Redwood Empire SawmillJason Goldberg707-894-4241COC4lumber2001US242,622222-1102,4-2-2-2-2-201012225220
MarkPacific Wood Systems Inc.Charles Coury541-935-9663COC2manufacturer of architectural wood surface products1998US22,41,2,3,52111210 0002-141 000 0001 000 0001 000 00050 00050 000321011221,8-movement towards green products is a trend which is here to stay210
MelMid-Maine ForestryBarrie Brusila207-273-4046COC/FM2certified logs1998US22,41,32111-15500102-2-2-2-2-2-11000211222
MelTrue Temper Hardware - A Huffy Co.Dennis Apple814-438-7116COC1broker/distributor of dowels and squares1997US1222122110 0002-1210 000 000-113 500 000-13 500 000-11022231210
MelBrunkow Hardwood Corporation-SawmillBob Brunkow715-673-4343COC/FM1lumber, kiln dried2002US2262222-150 000102,4-1-13 000 000-1600 00021010227-111
MelSarita Furniture Ltd.Keith Wyton250-723-1879COC1furniture parts1999CAN241,3211025000102-2-2-2-2-2-11011124,8-allows for voice in industry/sustainable forestry210
MelMidwest Hardwood Corp.Chris Olson763-391-6714COC1lumber1995US122,32221225 0002-13,450 000 00060 000 000110 000 0001000100 00001011136120
MelTubator Mill IncDon Deschenes360-288-2234COC1cedar and whitewood fence and lumber products2000US124211226000105-1-1-10000012236110
MelTechtrabois IncMark Thibault418-244-3654COC1hardwood floring material2000CAN2251-1-1-1-12000-1-12,4-1-1-1-1-1-11012138-improved business efficiency210
RosanneTembecCharles Gagnon819-627-4230COC3hardwood chips, flooring, mill chips, paper board, pulp2001CAN22,3,41,2,3,7-affiliation with WWF211123 000 000101,32 500 000 0002 500 000 0002 500 000 0000-1Inc1012111220
ReidStanley Lumber ProductDavid Stanley601-735-5007COC3dimensional lumber, soft and hardwood2002US22,34,5222-1-1450010425 000 00025 000 00025 000 00050 00050 00001022231210
RosanneEdward F. KocjancicEdward Kocjancic814-837-8488COC/FM3N/A2001US25-image3,7-public acceptance222-1220 000104-2-2-2-1-1-11012236-111
RosanneUnity Forest ProductsAnita Elphick530-671-7152COC1softwood lumber, fencing, siding and specialty products2000US2232112-130 000104,6-marketing/advertising26 000 00026 000 00026 000 0003000300001012234,52-10
RosanneSiskiyou Lumber ProductsJim Russell800-695-0210COC3broker/distributor secondary manufacuturer2001US22,32,32111220 000102,430 000 00030 000 00030 000 00020 00020 00001022236110
RosanneEggers Industries NeenahPaul Niehaus920-722-6444COC2doors2002US2222222215 00010465 000 00065 000 00065 000 00000023012221,4220
RosanneSpecialty VeneerAllan Young715-627-2889COC3veneer2000US22,5-image5221125000104-2-2-220 00020 000Inc212.522224210
ReidDLH Nordisk Inc.Christian Mengel336-852-8341COC1brokerage2001US225221124000105-2-2-20-201021231210
ReidCharles Shackleton and Miranda Thomas Ltd.Hamilton Gillett802-672-5175COC1furniture and furniture parts2002US24,5-pride in work and quality of product62-1-1-1135001042 400 0002 400 0002 400 000-12 300 00001021222,7210
ReidFletcher ChallengeDave Durst410-850-5433COC3sales office/importer-reseller2001US225,6212-1-2-1-1-12,4-1-1-1-1-1Inc1022124210
ReidBig Creek Lumber CoJanet Webb831-457-5023COC/FM2mill2001US23,4,5-FSC encouragement3,7-initially SCS2211270 000102,4-1-117 000 00002 2000 000-11022221,422-1
LisaEscon CorpGerry Leyra562-927-3456COC2solid wood exterior doors, engineered wood doors2001US22,31,2,3211111 000 000101,2,3,4-1-125 000 000-15 000 000Inc21521231,4220
LisaNew World Millworks Inc.Rick DeSimone303-791-9003COC1architectural millwork manufacturer2002US222,7-supply is FSC certified21112900103,6-policy10 500 000-18 500 000-10022022236210
LisaAdirondack Hardwoods/Saranac Hollow WoodworkingHal Moore518-293-8424COC1cabinets, flooring furniture, plywood, lumber2000US243222223 500102,4300 000300 000330 00020022 000Inc1022224,7210
LisaSteve Staub Forestry and Environmnetal ConsultingSteve Staub831-332-0433COC/FM4certified redwood logs1998US22,41,3222229 000103,41 250 0001 250 0001 000 000750 000100 00001020231,4222
RosanneColumbia Forest ProductsTim Spayde434-432-2591COC2plywood (hardwood)2000US12,3,42,3122-1250 0001041 000 000 0001 000 000 0001 000 000 000-1-1-11011206220
RayRivianna Natural DesignsCrystal Mario434-244-3447COC2plaques2002US24,2321-11216 0002122,4-2-2-2-2-2-11012221,4,7220
RayWoodstream Corp.Bob Hoefel717-626-2125COC1rodent traps1999US2251000-2-2-2-24-2-2-2-2-211022231210
RayRex HardwoodDave Doucette978-263-0055COC2hardwood mouldings2001US247-supply is FSC certified22-11215 000105-1-185 000 000-1100 00002712234,8-constant supply of FSC210
RayTaraca Pacific Inc.Kur Antono415-765-0422COC1distribute tropical plywood2001US22522-112500021520 000 00020 000 00020 000 0000001011231220
RayTBM HardwoodsAndy Garbik717-630-0025COC1kiln drying and lumber2001US2222-111-1200 000-1-12,4-1-120 000 000-1-1010122-17210
RayKingman Products Inc.Benny Ho925-377-1800COC2outdoor furniture2001US231100022000215-2-2-2-211 00001011234-110
RayKearse Manufacturing Inc.Chester Kearse Jr.803-368-8130COC/FM1veneer2001US2252211240 0001043 500 0003 500 0003 500 0001 500 00050 000021022221,7212
RayWycombe Wood ProductsTim Clisch608-666-2446COC1mouldings2002US22,4321222500021427 600 000-19 300 000-120 00001012225210
LisaRoseburg Forest ProductsKaren Hess541-679-2728COC2veneer2000US22410002-1-1-13,4-2-2-2-2-2-1-1-122224210
Sheet2
Maintain/Increase Market20
Improve Public Image15
Non-market Benefits8
Other7
Future Market Access6
Increase Profits1
Sheet2
Organization
Types of Benefits Derived from Certification
Sheet3
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Why Renew?Maintain market share and satisfy important buyersFuture importance of certification may outweigh its current impactsPresence of non-market benefitsEnvironmental concern
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General ConclusionCurrently, FSC COC certification does not seem to be generating the expected market incentiveshowever, the general attitude among certificate holders remains positiveThe voluntary nature of FSC COC certification has inherent strengths and weaknessesFSC COC is an important, but underutilized, toolThe long term impact of certification on the forestry industry is not yet known, but it is an important first step towards sustainability
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RecommendationsThe establishment of an FSC supply information networkFuture research topicsInvestigate ways to expand rigorous certification into pulp and paper sectorAddressing the discrepancy in supply between FM and COC certificate holdersInvestigate the impact of box stores, such as Home Depot, on Chain of Custody dynamics
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AcknowledgementsStewart Fast & Sustainable Forest Certification WatchProfessor: Arun AgrawalTeaching Assistant: Brian Sarwer-FonerAll our colleagues in 401Thank you
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Forest Certification can onlySucceed If consumers are conscious of the impacts of their purchase decisionsPlease choose wisely