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Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that studiesthe rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of
the reactors in which they take place.
TODAY’S LECTURE
Introduction
Definitions
General Mole alance E!uation
atch
C"#R $%R
$R
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Materials on the e* and CDR+M
http,--www.engin.umich.edu-cre-
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De&eloping Critical #hinking "kills
"ocratic /uestioning
is the
0eart of Critical #hinking
R. . $aul1s 2ine #ypes of "ocratic /uestions
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3et1s egin CRE
Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) isthe field that studies the rates and
mechanisms of chemical reactions and thedesign of the reactors in which they take place.
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• chemical species is said to ha&e reacted
when it has lost its chemical identity.
Chemical Identity
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• chemical species is said to ha&e reacted when it has lost its chemical
identity.
• #he identity of a chemical species is determined *y the kind ' number '
and configuration of that species1 atoms.
Chemical Identity
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• chemical species is said to ha&e reacted
when it has lost its chemical identity.
4. Decom%osition
Chemical Identity
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• chemical species is said to ha&e reacted
when it has lost its chemical identity.
4. Decomposition
5. Com&ination
Chemical Identity
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• chemical species is said to ha&e reacted
when it has lost its chemical identity.
4. Decomposition
5. Com*ination
6. Isomeri'ation
Chemical Identity
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7 #he reaction rate is the rate at which a
species looses its chemical identity per unit
&olume.
Reaction Rate
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7 The reaction rate is the rate at which aspecies looses its chemical identity per unit
&olume.
7#he rate of a reaction (mol-dm
6
-s) can *ee8pressed as either
the rate of Disappearance, (rA
or as
the rate of %ormation (Generation), rA
Reaction Rate
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Reaction Rate
Consider the isomeri9ation A )
rA * the rate o+ +ormation o+ s%ecies A %er unit olume
(rA * the rate o+ a disa%%earance o+ s%ecies A %er unit olume
r) * the rate o+ +ormation o+ s%ecies ) %er unit olume
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Reaction Rate
7 E:M$3E, A )
If "pecies is *eing formed at a rate of
;.5 moles per decimeter cu*ed per second' ie'
r) * ,-. mole/dm0/s
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Reaction Rate
7 E:M$3E,
r < ;.5 mole-dm6
-s
Then A is disa%%earing at the same rate$
(rA* ,-. mole/dm0/s
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Reaction Rate
7 E:M$3E, A )
r < ;.5 mole-dm6-s
#hen is disappearing at the same rate,
=r (< ;.5 mole-dm6-s
The rate o+ +ormation "generation o+ A# is
rA* (,-. mole/dm0/s
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Reaction Rate
7 %or a catalytic reaction' we refer to =r (>'
which is the rate of disappearance of
species on a per mass of catalyst *asis.
(mol-gcat-s)
2+#E, dC(-dt is not the rate of reaction
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Reaction Rate
Consider species ?,
7 r 1 is the rate o+ +ormation o+ s%ecies 1 %er
unit olume 2e-g- mol/dm0/s3
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Reaction Rate
7 r ? is the rate of formation of species ? per
unit &olume @e.g. mol-dm6AsB
7 r 1 is a +unction o+ concentration4
tem%erature4 %ressure4 and the t!%e o+
catal!st "i+ an!#
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Reaction Rate
7 r ? is the rate of formation of species ? per unit
&olume @e.g. mol-dm6-sB
7 r ? is a function of concentration' temperature'
pressure' and the type of catalyst (if any)
7 r 1 is inde%endent o+ the t!%e o+ reaction s!stem"&atch reactor4 %lug +low reactor4 etc-#
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Reaction Rate
7 r ? is the rate of formation of species ? per unit&olume @e.g. mol-dm6-sB
7 r ? is a function of concentration' temperature'
pressure' and the type of catalyst (if any)7 r ? is independent of the type of reaction
system (*atch' plug flow' etc.)
7 r 1 is an alge&raic e5uation4 not a
di++erential e5uation
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General Mole alance
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General Mole alance
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atch Reactor Mole alance
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C"#R
Mole alance
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$lug %low Reactor
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$lug %low Reactor Mole alance
PFR:
The integral form is: V =dF
A
rA
FA 0
FA
∫
This is the volume necessary to reduce the entering molar flow rate (mol/s) from FA0 to the
exit molar flow rate of FA.
$acked ed Reactor
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$acked ed Reactor
Mole alance
PBR
The integral form to find the catalyst weight is: W =dF
A
′rAFA 0
FA
∫
FA0 −FA + ′rAdW =dNA
dt∫
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Reactor Mole alance "ummary
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%ast %orward to the %uture
#hursday March 5;th' 5;;
Reactors with 0eat Effects
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Production of Propylene Glycol in an Adiabatic
CSTR
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What are the exit conversion X and exit temperature T?
Solution
Let the reaction be represented by
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EE$I2G $
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"eparations
#hese topics do not *uild upon one another
Filtration Distillation Adsorption
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Reaction Engineering
#hese topics *uild upon one another
Mole Balance Rate Laws Stoichiometry
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Mole Balance
Rate Laws
Stoichiometry
Isothermal Design
Heat Effects
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Mole Balance Rate Laws
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Mole Balance
Rate Laws
Stoichiometry
Isothermal Design
Heat Effects
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t h R t M l l
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atch Reactor Mole alance
t h R t M l l
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atch Reactor Mole alance
t h R t M l l
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atch Reactor Mole alance
t h R t M l l
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atch Reactor Mole alance
t h R t M l l
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atch Reactor Mole alance
Continuously "tirred #ank Reactor
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Continuously "tirred #ank Reactor
Mole alance
Continuously "tirred #ank Reactor
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Continuously "tirred #ank Reactor
Mole alance
Continuously "tirred #ank Reactor
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Continuously "tirred #ank Reactor
Mole alance
C " # R
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C " # R
Mole alance
C"#R
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C"#R
Mole alance
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$lug %low Reactor
$lug %low Reactor Mole alance
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$lug %low Reactor Mole alance
PFR:
$lug %low Reactor Mole alance
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$lug %low Reactor Mole alance
PFR:
$lug %low Reactor Mole alance
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$lug %low Reactor Mole alance
PFR:
$lug %low Reactor Mole alance
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$lug %low Reactor Mole alance
PFR:
$lug %low Reactor Mole alance
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$lug %low Reactor Mole alance
PFR:
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$lug %low Reactor Mole alance
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$lug %low Reactor Mole alance
PFR:
The integral form is: V =dF
A
rA
FA 0
FA
∫
This is the volume necessary to reduce the entering molar flow rate (mol/s) from FA0 to the
exit molar flow rate of FA.
$acked ed Reactor Mole
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alance
PBR
$acked ed Reactor Mole
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alance
PBR
FA0 −FA + ′rAdW =dNA
dt∫
$acked ed Reactor Mole
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alance
PBR
FA0 −FA + ′rAdW =dNA
dt∫
$acked ed Reactor Mole
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alance
PBR
FA0 −FA + ′rAdW =dNA
dt∫
$acked ed Reactor Mole
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alance
PBR
The integral form to find the catalyst weight is: W =dF
A
′rAFA 0
FA
∫
FA0 −FA + ′rAdW =dNA
dt∫
Reactor Mole alance "ummary
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Reactor Mole alance "ummary
Reactor Mole alance "ummary
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Reactor Mole alance "ummary
Reactor Mole alance "ummary
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Reactor Mole alance "ummary
Reactor Mole alance "ummary
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Reactor Mole alance "ummary
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Chemical Reaction Engineering
synchronous Fideo "eries
Chapter 4,
General Mole alance E!uation
pplied toatch Reactors' C"#Rs' $%Rs'
and $Rs
htt%$//www-engin-umich-edu/6cre
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Chemical Reaction Engineering
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Chemical Reaction Engineering
Chemical reaction engineering is at the heart of &irtually
e&ery chemical process. It separates the chemical engineerfrom other engineers.
Industries that Draw Heail! on Chemical ReactionEngineering "CRE# are$
C$I (Chemical $rocess Industries)
Dow' Du$ont' moco' Che&ron
$harmaceutical nti&enom' Drug Deli&ery
Medicine #issue Engineering' Drinking and Dri&ing
Compartments for perfusion
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Compartments for perfusion
Perfusion interactions between
compartments are shown by arrows.
V G, V
L, V
C , and V
M are -tissue water
volumes for the gastrointestinal,
liver, central and muscle
compartments, respectively.
V S is the stomach contents volume.
Stomach
VG = 2. l
Gastrointestinal
VG = 2. l
tG = 2.!" min
#iver
$lcohol
V# = 2. l
t# = 2. min
%entral
V% = &'.( l
t% = ).* min
+uscle at
V+ = 22.) l
t+ = 2" min
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Chemical Reaction Engineering
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C e ca eact o g ee g
Chemical reaction engineering is at the heart of &irtually e&ery
chemical process. It separates the chemical engineer from otherengineers.
Industries that Draw Heail! on Chemical ReactionEngineering "CRE# are$
C$I (Chemical $rocess Industries)Dow' Du$ont' moco' Che&ron
$harmaceutical nti&enom' Drug Deli&ery
Medicine $harmacokinetics' Drinking and Dri&ing
Microelectronics CFD
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Reaction Rate
Consider the isomeri9ation A
)
rA * the rate o+ +ormation o+ s%ecies A %er unit olume
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Reaction Rate
Consider the isomeri9ation A )
rA * the rate o+ +ormation o+ s%ecies A %er unit olume
(rA * the rate o+ a disa%%earance o+ s%ecies A %er unit olume
Reactor Mole alance "ummary