REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
8-3
http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG
http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html
REMEMBER BIO 1http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm
Remember from CELL BIO
Enzymes for PHOTOSYNTHESIS are in the ________________CHLOROPLASTS
http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG
See a video clip about the LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTION
(Part 1) 8C
PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS
= sac-like
photosynthetic = stack of thylakoids
membranes
inside chloroplast
THYLAKOIDSGRANUM (pl. grana)
Image from BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
SPACESTHYLAKOIDSPACE
STROMA
cytoplasm
http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG
Gel-filled spaceInside the thylakoid
sac
Gel-filled space inside
chloroplast surrounding
thylakoid sac
Gel-filled space OUTSIDE chloroplast but inside the cell membrane
PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS
Proteins that are part of the thylakoid
membrane organize
________________________________ into clusters called _____________________PHOTOSYSTEMS
http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG
Light absorbing PIGMENTS
LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY CARRIERS
Molecule that carries
= _______
Molecule that carries HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS
= ___________
ATP
NADP+
Images by Riedell
________ + _____ + _____ → ____________
HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS require a special carrier, too
____________ is one
of the carriers that
cells use to transport
high energy electrons.
NADP+
2 e- H+
_______= nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Frying pan image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Light-Dependent Reaction
Light-Independent
Reactions
Light & Water
Oxygen
ATP
NADPH
LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS
PHOTOSYSTEM II
ATP SYNTHASE
↓
↓
PHOTOSYSTEM I
ELECTRON TRANSPORTSYSTEM
↓INSIDE THYLAKOID SPACE
OUTSIDE THYLAKOID IN STROMAImage modified from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
PHOTOSYSTEM II
It was discovered and named 1st
↓
↓
PHOTOSYSTEM I
WHY DOES PHOTOSYSTEM II COME BEFORE PHOTOSYSTEM I?
Image modified from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
See a video clip about the LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTION
(Part 2) 8D
Molecules moveautomatically from“where there’s A
LOT” to “where there’s
NOT”
Animatioin from: http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/diffusion-animated.gif
REMEMBER CELL BIO
http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm
REMEMBER CELL BIO
Diffusion happens anytime there is a difference in concentration in one place compared to another
= ________________________CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm
REMEMBER CELL BIO
…as long as membrane will let molecule through
Diffusion can happen across membranes TOO
http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm
LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS
See an animation about the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
SEE A MOVIEATP SYNTHASEIN ACTION
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/metabolism/atpsyn1.sw
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/metabolism/photosynthesis.swf
LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONRequires ______________
Molecules are part of ________________
Made up of __________________
connected by ______________________
& ___________________
Uses light energy to change
ADP + P → _______
NADP+ + 2e- + H + → _________
Breaks apart ______ molecules and releases _____________
LIGHT
ATP
THYLAKOID membranes
PHOTOSYSTEMS II & I ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
NADPHH20
oxygen
ATP SYNTHASE
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Light-Dependent Reaction
Light-IndependentReactions
CALVIN CYCLE
Light & Water
Oxygen
ATP
NADPH
Carbon Dioxide (CH2O)n
PHOTOSYNTHESIS OVERVIEW
Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Prentice Hall
Go to Section:
Click the image to play the video segment.
Calvin Cycle (8E)
CO2 Enters the Cycle
Energy Input
5-CarbonMoleculesRegenerated
Sugars and other compounds
6-Carbon SugarProduced
Calvin Cycle
See Calvin cycleanimation
CALVIN CYCLE (also called _________________________)
____________ require ____________
Happens in _________ between thylakoidsNADPH donates _______________
ATP donates _________________
CO2 donates ______________ to make __________
LIGHT
LIGHT INDEPENDENT
ENERGY
STROMAHydrogen + electrons
Carbon & oxygenGLUCOSE
http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html
DOES NOT
Factors that Affect Photosynthesis____________________
Water is one of the raw materials needed, so
A shortage of water can ________________
photosynthesis
AMOUNT OF WATER
http://www.hononegah.org/departments/Anderson/cactus.JPG
Desert plants and conifers that live in dry conditions have a waxy coating on their leaves to prevent water loss.
slow or stop
Factors that Affect Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis enzymes function best between 0° C - 35° C
At temperatures above or below
this range, photosynthesis will slow or stop
Conifers in winter may carry outphotosynthesis only occasionally
TEMPERATURE
http://www.sustland.umn.edu/maint/images/evergreen10.jpg
Enzymes work BEST at a certain ___ and __________.
Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC
or TOO HOT cause proteins to unwind or _________
pH temperature
DENATURE
http://www.desktopfotos.de/Downloads/melt_cd.jpg http://www.nealbrownstudio.com/adm/photo/163_nb_fried_egg.jpg
REMEMBER CELL BIO
Denaturing changes the shape of the enzyme making it not work
Image from:http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html
HOMEOSTASIS (keeping pH and temperature constant) is important for maintaining enzyme function.
Factors that Affect Photosynthesis
____________________
More light increases rate of photosynthesis
up to a certain level until plant reaches its
maximum rate of photosynthesis
LIGHT INTENSITY
See effect of light experiment
http://206.173.89.42/REALTYWITHALOHA_COM/piphoto/funny%20sun%20with%20sunglasses.gif
http://www.teachnet.ie/foneill/exper.htm
THE BIG PICTURE
PHOTOSYNTHESIS provides
the _____________ we breathe
and the __________
heterotrophs (like us)
consume to survive
_____________ + ____________ _______________ + ____________
Carbondioxide WATER Sugars Oxygen
OXYGEN
sugars
Go to Section:
Photosynthesis
includes
of
take place intakes place in uses
to produce to produce
use
Section 8-3
Concept Map
Go to Section:
Photosynthesis
includes
of
take place intakes place in uses
to produce to produce
use
Light-dependentreactions
Calvin cycle
Thylakoidmembranes Stroma NADPHATPEnergy from
sunlight
ATP NADPH O2 Chloroplasts High-energysugars
Section 8-3
Concept Map