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Reactivity and Rates of Reaction
By : Albert Ng
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THE MYSTERY OF
SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION
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Learning Objectives How metals react with oxygen How metals react with water How metals react with acids Displacement reactions The reactivity series Measuring rate of reaction by change in mass of the
reactants Measuring rate of reaction by the change in volume of
the product The effect of concentration The effect of particles size The effect of temperature Catalysts
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Metal Mostly active Combined readily with non metals such as
oxygen to form stable compounds
Example of Metals: Aluminium Iron Lead Tin Silver Gold Nickel
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Sodium Silver-white, highly reactive metal Need to be kept under a layer of oil because it
readily react wit water and oxygen in the air to produce flames
Very soft metal Shiny surface of small cut sodium quickly
tarnished soon it react with air
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Comparatively, iron take much longer to react with air ( Rusting of Iron )
INDICATION: Different metals have different speeds at which they react with other chemicals = Different Reactivity
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Reaction of metals with oxygen Why most metals lose their lustre over time?
Metals react with oxygen in the air to form metal oxide. This process is called oxidation
Metal + Oxygen Metal Oxide
Example:
Iron + Oxygen Iron Oxide
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When metals heated with oxygen A) Copper develop a covering of black powder
without glowing or bursting into flame B) Iron glows and produces yellow sparks, a
black powder is left behind C) Sodium only needs a little heat to make it
burst into yellow flame and burn quickly to leave a white powder behind
D) Gold is not changed after it has been heated and then left to cool
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Reaction of metals with water Pg 147
Rocksil wool soaked in
water
Metal Sample
Rubber Bung
Hydrogen
Water
Heat
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Calcium A) In COLD water
Sink Form bubble of hydrogen on its surface Bubbles increase over time Water become cloudy as calcium hydroxide
formed
B) Test tube filled with water over fizzing metal
Gas pushes water out of the test tube Tube filled with gas and raised out from water with
a light splint held beneath its mouth Popping sound heard because hydrogen in tube
react with oxygen in the air
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Copper Sink in cold water and does not react with it Does not react with steam
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Sodium Floats on surface of the water Bubbles of hydrogen produced around it
(Fizzing) Gas produced push the metal across the
surface Metals burst into flame Clear solution of sodium hydroxide formed
VIDEO
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Iron Sinks in water No bubbles of hydrogen formed When steamed, hydrogen produced slowly
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Magnesium Sinks in water Bubbles of hydrogen produced very slowly Magnesium hydroxide solution formed When heated with steam, hydrogen is
produced quickly
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Potassium Floats on water Bursts into flames immediately Hydrogen bubbles rapidly produced around
the metal Clear solution of potassium hydroxide formed
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Reaction of metals with acids Pg 149 Piece of metal placed in tube Acid was poured into the tube Bubble of hydrogen gas observed Reactivity of Metals can be compared by comparing the
amount of hydrogen gas produced in the reaction between acid and different metals
Metal+ Hydrochloric Acid Metal Chloride + Hydrogen
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Apparatus used in investigating the reaction of some metals (Not sodium or potassium) and hydrochloric
acid
Refer to Page 149
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Reaction of metals with dilute HCL and Concentrated HCL
Lead Did not react with dilute HCL Bubbles of hydrogen gas produced slowly
Zinc React slowly with dilute HCL to produce bubbles of
hydrogen
Copper Did not react with either dilute or concentrated HCL
Magnesium React quickly with dilute HCL to produce bubbles of
hydrogen
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Reactivity Series