Large oceanic movements occurring over hundreds of millions of years from the mid-Silurian to the Pleistocene as a result of the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath the continental Amurian Plate and Okinawa Plate to the south, and subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Okhotsk Plate to the north. Japan was originally attached to the eastern coast of the Eurasian continent. The subducting plates pulled Japan eastward, opening the Sea of Japan around 15 million years ago. Japan has 108 active volcanoes. Destructive earthquakes, often resulting in tsunamis, occur several times each century.
Advanced Seismometers are used Advanced Seismometers are used in Japan to predict earthquakes in Japan to predict earthquakes before large-scale destruction before large-scale destruction
takes place.takes place.
Houses in Japan are made Houses in Japan are made in bridge design, in bridge design,
to withstand earthquakes.to withstand earthquakes.
Estimated Population Exposed to Earthquake Shaking
Communication & Transmission of Tsunami Warning to Localities & Civil Defense Authorities Present at Japan..
Signboard
Tsunami
TSUNAMIWARNING
Central Government
TV /Radio Station
TSUNAMIWARNING
Radio
TV ( Telops, Warning maps )
TSUNAMIWARNING
Local government
13
ONAGAWA [BWR]
• 1: 498 MWe (‘84), 2: 796 MWe (‘95), 3: 796 MWe (‘02).
FUKUSHIMA (1) DAIICHI [BWR]
• 1: 439 MWe (‘71)
• 2-5: 760 MWe (‘74, ‘76, ‘78, ‘78)
• 6: 1067 MWe (’79)
FUKUSHIMA (2) DAINI [BWR]
• 1-4: 1067 MWe (’82, ‘84, ‘85, ‘87)
REACTOR 1 REACTOR 2 REACTOR 3 REACTOR 4 REACTOR 5 REACTOR 6
Partial core meltdown
Potential meltdown
feared
Blast, debris, radiation leak
Fire; water levels
dropping
Water levels dropping
Heat rising in spent fuel
pool
FUKUSHIMA REACTOR STATUS
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS blast as the Generators are damaged due to NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS blast as the Generators are damaged due to the Earthquakethe Earthquake
NOTE: Radiation levels rise considerably and are at levels high enough to impact human health at the Fukushima power plant.
HEALTH THREAT FROM A NUCLEAR ACCIDENTHEALTH THREAT FROM A NUCLEAR ACCIDENT
ExposureBurns to eyes/skinMolds/AllergensInhalationGI TractARSThyroidCancer
Environmental
Infrastructure
Socio-Economic
Loss of Assets
Loss of Employment
Displacement
Loss of Shelter
Loss of AccessTo Food/Water
Delays/ Inability to Evacuate Access to care prohibitedTrauma/WoundsBurnsRadiationBlastMaternal & NeonatalChronic DiseaseBurns/Smoke InhalationExposure
MeningitisMeaslesMalnutritionDehydrationDiarrhoea
NuclearAccident Loss of Utilities
Loss of Transportation Networks
Loss of EssentialServices
Fires and Explosions
Loss of Communications
Contaminated Air
Contaminated Soil
ContaminatedWater
Radiation Contamination
RadiationExposure
Contaminated Food
Secondary Fires
Reactions of the GOVERNMENT OF JAPANReactions of the GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology National Police Agency The Nippon Telephone and Telegraph (NTT) company The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Ministry of Forests and Waters and Ministry of Finance Police and Fire Department Transportation Coast Guard Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare (MHLW)
The National Emergency Management Committee, led by the Prime Minister, has been established to oversee and coordinate all response activities. All relevant ministries and agencies have been involved in the response.
Dead Injured Missing Rescued Food meals distributed to the
affected5178
Persons2285
Persons7844-8193Persons
25460Persons
550000persons
NOTES: •Snow and freezing temperatures hit the most severely affected areas; food, water and fuel shortages are the main concerns•Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant crisis is still not under control with a fourth explosion.•Construction of temporary shelters is a priority in the wake of mass evacuations.
Shreshtha SenguptaDebonita Ghosh
Rounak PramanikSanmoy MaitySubhas Das