Download - Reconstruction
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RECONSTRUCTION1865-1877
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Why? Congress enacted this plan for two
reasonsSouth needed rebuilt after the war
Sherman’s MarchNeeded a way for Confederate states to be
allowed back in Union
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Lincoln’s 10% Plan Lenient Wanted to pardon Confederates if they
would take an oath swearing allegiance to the UnionHigh- ranking officials were excluded
Once 10% of voting population had taken the oath, they would be readmitted and also regain their seats in Congress
Not enacted he was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
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Wade-Davis Bill Created by Radical Republicans
Very severe Ironclad oath that they never supported
Confederacy Wanted slavery abolished
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Johnson’s Plan Same as Lincoln’s except he wanted to
ban all high-ranking officials AND wealthy plantation owners
Did not agree with Radical Republicans Felt that Congress had gone beyond
anything “contemplated by the authors of the Constitution”
Felt that white men alone must manage the South
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Congressional Reconstruction Passed the 14th
Amendment which stated that all people born in the United States were equal
Created the Freedmen’s Bureau Act Gave Freedmen Rights
○ Schools for children○ Distribution of Land
Provided protection in the courts
Created Civil Rights Act Guaranteed citizen rights to
everyone no matter what color, race or previous condition
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Problem with All Plans Southerners did not always mean the
oath Many were rich, political figures that
stated the oath to get back into Congress to repeal the Radical Republican’s legislations
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Johnson’s Impeachment Johnson fired Secretary
of War which was against the Constitution
Did the Radical Republicans have a legitimate reason or were they just looking for a way to get rid of Johnson?
Grant was elected to President and passed the 15th amendment which could keep no one from voting
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Reconstruction Begins Conditions in South
Economically devastated
Low population○ 400,000 died
Republicans started setting up public works programs to clean up
Troops sent to South to monitor
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Politics in South Three types of
Republicans in South Scalawags –
Southerners who were Republican○ Small farmers
Carpetbaggers – Northerners who moved South after the war
African Americans Created Controversy
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Former Slaves New Life “We are not prepared for this suffrage.
But we can learn. Give a man tools and let him commence to use them and in time he will earn a trade. So it is with voting. We may not understand it at the start but in time we shall learn to do our duty” ~~~ William Beverly Nash
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African American Successes Hiram Revels
1st African American US Senator
Voting Rights Citizen Rights
Frederick Douglass Supported rights for all
citizens including Women, Native American and Blacks
Spent reconstruction era traveling around giving speeches about sufferage
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African American Hardships Black Codes
Used before 14th and 15th amendments
Voided with their creation○ Blocked African
Americans from serving as jurors and testifying against white men
○ Forced them to sign a yearly work contract
○ Barred them from acquiring land
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Jim Crow Laws Poll Tax Grandfather Clause Literacy Test
Sharecropping Never ending cycle
Klu Klux Klan Wanted to destroy
Republican Party Killed 20,000 men,
women, children including whites
Many by lynching
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Southerners Gain Control Congress passed the Amnesty Act that
allowed 150,000 Confederates to vote Were able to gain power from
Republicans in Congress Let Freedmen’s Bureau expire Support for Reconstruction fades under
Southern controled Congress
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End of Reconstruction 1876 – Reconstruction officially ends Presidential election 1876
Samuel Tilden and Rutherford Hayes○ Tilden is short one electoral vote ○ South agrees to vote in Hayes on one
condition Compromise of 1877
If Hayes agrees to withdraw troops from South he will win
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Aftermath of Reconstruction Plessy v. Ferguson
Paved the way for African Americans today○ Separate but not so equal