RefinedGroundwater Availability Model GAM) for the
Seymour Aquiferin Haskell, Knox, and Baylor Counties
Stakeholder Advisory Forum 1Proposed Modeling Plan
October 23, 2008
Outline of Presentation
General Introduction to the TWDB GAM ProgramRefined Seymour GAM Team and RolesObjectives of Stakeholder Advisory ForumsBrief Overview of Seymour Aquifer Basics of Groundwater FlowBasics of Groundwater ModelingRefined Seymour GAM - OverviewExisting Seymour GAM vs. Refined Seymour GAMRefined Seymour GAM – Tools and InputsAdditional Data for the Refined ModelRefined Seymour GAM – Conceptual ModelRefined Seymour GAM Modeling ProcessModel LimitationsRefined Seymour GAM Schedule
Refined Seymour GAM Team and Roles
INTERA, Inc.– Project management– SAF meetings– Model development– GIS– Stakeholder communication
Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin, – Aquifer recharge/discharge
data integrationWater Prospecting and Resource Consulting– Data gathering– Stakeholder communication
Dr. Jim Butler, P.G.– Senior technical input
Pre-development aquifer conditionsCurrent aquifer conditions
Dr. Graham Fogg– Senior technical review
Groundwater modelingSurface/groundwater interactions
TWDB GAM Program
TWDB GAM Program (cont)
PEC OS
W EBB
BR EW STER
H UD SPET H
PRESID IO
REEVES
CU LBER SON
VAL VERD E
DU VAL
TER R ELL
C R OC K ETT
KEN ED Y
FRIO
H ARR IS
H I LL
BELL
BEE
C LAY
POLK
ED W ARD S
J EFF D AVIS
KER R
GAIN ES
LEON
U VALD E
H ALE
D ALLAM
IR ION
D IMMIT
LAMB
KIN G
BEXARKIN N EY
STAR R
H ALL
W ISEJ AC K
U PTON
HID ALGO
S U TTON
C ASS
OLD H AM
ELLIS
MEDIN A
KIMBLE
Z AVALA
KEN T
R U SK
LEE
LYNN
GR AY
COKE
L A SALLE
MILAM
ER ATH
HAR TLEY
HU N T
BR AZO R IA
SMITH
KN OX
FLOYD
LLAN O
A N DR EW S
TYLER
TR AVISLIBERTY
JON ES
N U ECES
R EA GAN
BOW IE
W AR D
ZAPATA
LAMAR
R EAL
N OLAN
TER R Y GA R ZA
MILLS
C OLEMAN
EC TOR
TOM GR EEN
MASON
YOU N G
FALLS
C AMER ON
MAT AGOR DA
H AYS
BR OW N
C OOKE
JASPER
D EAF SMITH
BUR N ET
M AVERIC K
H OU STON
LAVACA
FISH ER
C OLLIN
MOOR E
FANN IN
M OTLEY
MAR TIN
L IVE OAK
D ALLAS
EL PASO
BAILEY
B OSQU E
H AR D IN
KLEBER G
JIM H OGG
TAYLOR
C OT TLE
POTTER
D ON LEY
GOLIAD
SAN SABA
ATASC OSA
D EN TON
COR YELLCR AN E
CON C HO
BAYLOR
DE W ITT
BR OOKS
PAR KER
R U NN ELS
N AVAR R O
ARC H ER
CAR SON
CASTR O
W OOD
SC U RR Y
C R OSBY
FAYETTE
Mc MULL EN
W HAR TON
BORD EN
C ALHOU N
SH ELBY
MEN ARD
GILLESPIE
PAR MER
W ILSON
D IC KEN S
SC H LEIC H ER
GR IMES
F OARD
PAN OLA
H ASKELL
BR ISC OE
R AN D ALL
DAW SON
MID LAN D
H OWAR D
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GON ZALES
GR AYSON RED R IVER
SWISH ER
R OBER TS
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TARR AN T
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VIC TORIA
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SH ER MAN
W H EELER
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PECOS
WEBB
BREWSTER
HUDSPETH
PR ESIDIO
REEVES
CULBERSON
VAL VERDE
DUVAL
TERR ELL
CROCKETT
FRI O
HARRIS
HILL
BELL
BEE
KENEDY
CLAY
POLK
ED WARDS
JEFF DAVI S
GAINES
LEON
KERR
UVALDE
HALE
DALLAM
KI NG
IRION
LAMB
DIMMI T
BEXARKI NNEY
STARR
HALL
JACK
CASS
WISE
SU TTON
OLDHAM
HIDALGO
ELLI S
UPTON
ZAVALA
MEDI NA
KI MBLE
RUSK
LEE
LYNN KEN T
GRAY
LA SALLE
COKE
MILAM
ERATH
HARTLEY
HUNT
SMITH
KN OX
FLOYD
LLANO
TYLER
BR AZORIA
AN DREWS
TRAVI S LIBERTY
REAGAN
JONES
ZAPATA
LAMAR
BOWI E
NUECES
WARD
REAL
NOLAN
TERR Y GARZA
COLEMAN
MILLS
EC TOR
YO UNG
TOM GREEN
MASON
FALLS
MAVERICK
BU RNET
HAYS
DEAF SMITH
JASPER
LAVACA
HOUSTON
COOKE
FISHER
BROW N
COLLIN
MOORE
MOTLEY
FANN IN
MARTIN
EL PASO
BAI LEY
DALLAS
LIVE O AK
BOSQUE
HARDIN
JIM HO GG
TAYLOR
CAMERON
PO TTER
GOLIAD
CRANE
COTTLE
DONLEY
ATASCOSA
SAN SABA
DENTON
CORYELL
BAYLOR
CONC HO
BROOKS
RUNNELS
PARKER
NAVARRO
ARCHER
DE WI TT
CARSON
SCURRY
MATAGO RDA
CROSBY
KLEBERG
FAYETTE
SH ELBY
WOOD
CASTRO
BORDEN
MENARD
WHARTON
NEWTON
PAR MER
GILLESPIE
MCMULLEN
DICKENS
SCHLEI CHER
FO ARD
HASKELL
PANOLA
GRIMES
MIDLAND
WILSON
RANDALL
BR ISCOESWISHER
DAWSON
GRAYSON
GONZALES
HOW ARD
RED RI VER
ROBERTS
HOCKLEY
TARR ANT
ANDERSON
MCLENNAN
LUBBO CK
CALHO UN
CHEROKEE
VI CTORI A
BASTRO P
WALKER
SHERMAN
YO AKUM
MITCH ELL
STERLING
HEMPHI LL
WHEELER
KARNES
TRI NITY
WINKLER
JACKSON
LIPSCOMB
LOVI NG
WILLIAMSON
AUSTI N
EASTLAND
REFUGIO
HOPKIN S
HARRISON
BLANCO
CALLAHAN
COLORADO
AN GELINA
MCCULLOCH
STEPHENS
WILLACY
JEFFERSO N
KAU FMAN
BAN DERA
HANSFORD
COMANCHE
MONTAGUE
PALO PINTO
JIM WELLS
LIMESTONE
COMAL
HAMI LTON
OCHI LTREE
WILBARGER
SABI NE
COCHRAN
CHAMBERS
FORT BEND
VAN ZANDT
HENDERSON
STO NEWALL
JOHNSON
FREESTON E
MONTGOMERY
GLASSCO CK
KENDALL
TITUS
BRAZO S
HOO D
WICHITA
ARMSTRO NG
UPSHUR
ROBERTSON
HUTCHINSO N
LAMPASAS
CHILDRESS
WA
LLER
NACOG DOC HES
SH ACKELFORD
BURLESON
HARDEMAN
GUADALUPE
GALVESTON
MARI ON
THROCKMORTO N
COLLINGSWO RTH
MADI SON
CALDW ELL
SAN PATR ICIO
SAN JACI NTO
AR ANSAS
WASHINGTON ORANGE
DELTA
RAINS
GREGG
SA
N A
UG
US
T INE
CAMP
MO
RR
IS
FRAN
KLIN
SOMER-VELL
ROCK-WALL
Region F Brazos G
Panhandle
Far West Texas
Region C
East Texas
Region H
Llano Estacado
Plateau
Rio Grande
South Central Texas
Region B
Coastal Bend
Lower Colorado
North East Texas
Lavaca
P
D
K
N
B
M
L
J
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GF
Groundwater Availability Modeling
Contract ManagerShirley Wade
Texas Water Development Board
Purpose: To develop tools that can be used to help GCDs, RWPGs, and others assess groundwater availability. Public Process: You get to see how the model is put together.Freely Available: Standardized, thoroughly documented, and available upon request.Living Tools: Periodically updated.
GAM
TWDB GAM Program (cont)
TWDB GAM Program (cont)CR1
TWDB GAM Program (cont)CR2
Managed available groundwater (MAG)…the amount of groundwater available for use.The State does not directly decide how much groundwater is available for use: GCDs will through GMA process. A GAM is a tool that can be used to assess groundwater availability once GCDs and GMAs decide on the desired future condition of the aquifer.
What isGroundwater
Availability or MAG?
TWDB GAM Program (cont)
Water Code & TWDB rules require that GCDs use GAM information, if available, for their management plans.TWDB rules require that RWPGs use managed available groundwater estimates, if developed in time for the planning cycle
Do we haveto use GAM?
TWDB GAM Program (cont)
The Model– Predict water levels and flows in response to pumping and drought– Effects of well fields
Data in the Model– Water in storage– Recharge estimates– Hydraulic properties
GMAs and RWPGs can request runs
How do weuse GAM?
TWDB GAM Program (cont)
GCDs, RWPGs, TWDB, and others collect new information on aquifer.This information can enhance the current GAMs.TWDB plans to update GAMs every five years with new information.Please share information and ideas with TWDB on aquifers and GAMs.
LivingTools
TWDB GAM Program (cont)
SAF meetings– Hear about progress on the model– Comment on model assumptions– Offer information (timing is important!)
Report review– At end of project
Contact TWDB– Contract manager
Participating inthe GAM Process
TWDB GAM Program (cont)
Comments:Comments:
Contract ManagerContract [email protected]@twdb.state.tx.us
(512) 936(512) 936--08830883www.twdb.state.tx.us/gamwww.twdb.state.tx.us/gam
Refined Seymour GAM Team Contact Information
INTERA, Inc.– John Pickens– Toya Jones– John Ewing
1812 Centre Creek Dr.Suite 300Austin, TX 78754(512) [email protected]@[email protected]
Bureau of Economic Geology (BEG)– Bridget Scanlon
Bureau of Economic GeologyThe University of Texas at Austin University Station, Box X Austin, TX 78713-8924 512) 471-0140 [email protected]
Water Prospecting and Resource Consulting (WPRC)– Andrew Chastian-Howley
100 East 15th StreetFort Worth, TX 76102
(512) [email protected]
Objectives of Stakeholder Advisory Forums
Interaction between the GAM team and interested stakeholders– Stakeholder communication and input are critical to the success
of the refined Seymour GAM– Stakeholders will be relied upon to voice issues and provide
information to ensure the model addresses the important water resource questions regarding the Seymour Aquifer
– SAF meetings will be held periodically to discuss modeling progress and solicit comments
Future updates – TWDB website– SAFs (as needed)
SAF presentations and questions and responses from meetings will be posted at http://www.twdb.state.tx.us/gam/symr/symr.htm
Brief Overview of Seymour Aquifer
0 40 80
Miles
Aquifer
OutcropDowndip
Cenozoic Pecos Alluvium
OutcropDowndip
OutcropDowndip
Gulf Coast
Hueco-Mesilla Bolson
Ogallala
Seymour
OutcropDowndip
Carrizo-Wilcox
Edwards
Edwards-Trinity (Plateau) Trinity
Major aquifersin Texas
Brief Overview of Seymour Aquifer (cont)
An unconfined (water-table) aquiferComposed of clay, silt, sand, and gravelGravel and sands occur primarily at baseBasal gravel and sand is the predominate water-bearing zoneThickness is typically up to 100 feetSaturated thickness typically less than 60 feet
Basics of Groundwater Flow
Definitions– Aquifer – Water saturated permeable geologic unit that
can transmit significant quantities of water.– Water table – The level at which water stands in a shallow
screened well.– Hydraulic head - The water level in a well expressed as an
elevation.– Hydraulic conductivity – A physical property of the geologic
media representing its ability to transmit water.– Specific yield – The volume of water that an unconfined
aquifer releases from storage per unit surface area of aquifer per unit decline in water table elevation.
– Storativity – The volume of water that a confined aquifer releases from storage per unit surface area of aquifer per unit decline in head.
Basics of Groundwater Flow (cont)
Definitions (cont)– Recharge – The entry of water to the saturated zone at the
water table. Recharge equals water inputs at the ground surface (precipitation + irrigation) minus water losses (runoff + evapotranspiration).
– Stream losses or gains – The water that is either lost from an aquifer or gained by an aquifer through the base of the stream.
– Cross-formational flow – Groundwater flow between geologic formations.
Basics of Groundwater Flow (cont)
Principles– The primary observable quantity describing groundwater
flow is the water level as measured in a well.– The water level expressed as elevation is termed the
hydraulic head.– The difference in hydraulic head between wells defines
the direction of groundwater flow.Groundwater flows from high hydraulic head to low hydraulic head.
– The water table is typically a subdued replica of the topography.
– The saturated thickness and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer material define the volumetric flow rates (e.g., pumping).
Schematic Cross Section of Groundwater Flow
Groundwater flows from high hydraulic potential (energy) to low hydraulic potential.
Basics of Groundwater Modeling
Definition of a model– A representation of reality that attempts to explain the behavior
of some aspect of reality and is always less complex than the real system it represents (Domenico, 1972)
– A tool designed to represent a simplified version of reality (Wang and Anderson, 1982)
Why do we model groundwater flow– Groundwater, unlike surface water, is difficult to directly observe– Aquifers are typically complex in terms of spatial extent and
hydrogeologic characteristics– Groundwater models provide the only means for integrating
available data and predicting groundwater flow at the scale of interest
Basics of Groundwater Modeling (cont)
Numerical Groundwater Flow Model– Is a mathematical representation of a physical aquifer– Uses the basic laws of physics that govern groundwater flow– Represents the aquifer using discrete parameters– Calculates hydraulic heads at discrete locations determined by
the model grid– Values from the model parameters can be modified until the
model calculated hydraulic heads match observed hydraulic heads (i.e., model calibration)
– The calibrated model can be used as a tool to calculate future hydraulic heads in the aquifer
Basics of Groundwater Modeling (cont)
Modeling protocol (steps)– Define the model objectives and select the modeling tools best
able to meet the objectives– Gather and analyze the data
Model input parametersCalibration targets
– Develop a conceptual model of the physical system– Design the mathematical model– Calibrate the model to observed conditions– Analyze the sensitivity of the model to input values– Document all aspects of the modeling process in a report– Use the model to predict future conditions
Evaluate water management strategiesEvaluate GMA groundwater availability
•• Hydraulic ConductivityHydraulic Conductivity•• Storage valueStorage value•• ThicknessThickness
IrrigationIrrigationreturn flowreturn flow
Exchange of Exchange of water with water with
neighboring neighboring cellscells
NaturalNaturalrechargerecharge
Water Water remaining remaining in storagein storage
Water removed Water removed from storage by from storage by pumpingpumping
Gridblock Accounting
Basics of Groundwater Modeling (cont)RechargeRecharge
Refined Seymour GAM
Model objectives– Develop a three-dimensional realistic and
scientifically accurate groundwater flow model that represents the physical characteristics and relevant processes of the Seymour aquifer in Haskell, Knox, and Baylor counties and is suitable for use by stakeholders (e.g., the Rolling Plains GCD)
Refined Seymour Study Area
Wellington
QuanahChilicothe
ElectraCrowellPaducah
Benjamin
Memphis
Matador
Shamrock
KnoxCity
HaskellRule
Jayton
Rotan
Anson
Dickens
Spur
Roscoe Merkel
ChildressTurkey
Hedley
McLean Erick
MangumGranite
Hollis
Eldorado
Abilene
Wichita Falls
Vernon
Stamford
Burkburnett
Sweetwater
Hamlin
Seymour
Munday
Aspermont
Clay
Hall
King
Kent
Gray
Floyd
Knox
Jones
Nolan
Cottle
Motley
Taylor
Young
Fisher
Archer
Baylor
Scurry
Donley
Haskell
Foard
Briscoe
Mitchell
Dickens
Wheeler
Wilbarger
Stonewall
Wichita
Childress
Shackelford
Collingsworth
Hardeman
Throckmorton
Greer
Jackson
Beckham
Harmon
0 10 20
Miles
State Line
County Boundaries
Major Roadways
Urban Areas
Refined Seymour Study Area (cont)
Lake Kemp
Lake Stamford
Truscott Brine Lake Lake Diversion Lake Wichita
Millers Creek Reservoir
Santa Rosa Lake
Lake Pauline
Lake Davis
North Fork Buffalo Creek Reservoir
Lake Sweetwater
Baylor Lake
Lake Electra
0 10 20
Miles
State Line
County Boundaries
Streams & Rivers
Lakes & Reservoirs
Refined Seymour Study Area (cont)
Panhandle
Region B
LlanoEstacado
Brazos G Region C
Region F
0 10 20
Miles
State Line
County Boundaries
Regional Water Planning Group
Refined Seymour Study Area (cont)
Lone WolfGCD
High PlainsUWCD No.1
PanhandleGCD
Rolling PlainsGCD
Tri-CountyGCD
Wes-TexGCD
ClearForkGCD
Salt ForkUWCD Lower Seymour
GCD
CollingsworthCountyUWCD
__
0 10 20
Miles
State Line
County Boundaries
Groundwater Conservation District
Refined Seymour Study Area (cont)
Red RiverBasin
Brazos RiverBasin
Colorado RiverBasin
Trinity RiverBasin
State Line
County Lines
Rivers & Streams
Lakes & Reservoirs
River Basins
0 10 20
Miles
Refined Seymour Study Area (cont)
Land Surface Elevation (ft-MSL)3,001 - 3,5002,501 - 3,0002,301 - 2,5002,101 - 2,3001,901 - 2,1001,701 - 1,9001,501 - 1,7001,301 - 1,5001,101 - 1,300901 - 1,100661 - 900
0 10 20
Miles
State Line
County Boundaries
Lakes & Reservoirs
Streams & Rivers
Refined Seymour Study Area (cont)
0 10 20
Miles
Precipitation (in/yr)
32.5 - 34.031.0 - 32.529.5 - 31.028.0 - 29.527.5 - 28.026.0 - 27.524.5 - 26.023.0 - 24.521.5 - 23.020.0 - 21.518.5 - 20.012.6 - 18.5
State Line
County Boundaries
Existing Seymour GAM Model Domain
Minor AquifersBlaine, OutcropBlain, DowndipDockum, OutcropDockum, DowndipEdward-Trinity
Major AquifersSeymourEdwards-TrinityOgallala
Model Boundary
State Line
County BoundariesFile
: SE
Y_2
.4_A
quife
r.mxd
Source: Online: Texas Water Development Board, August 2003
0 10 20
Miles
Refined Seymour GAM Model Domain
Knox
Haskell
Baylor
Throckmorton
King
Stonewall
WichitaGroup
Clear ForkGroup
SeymourFormation
Pease RiverGroup
Existing versus Refined Model
Model Input Existing Model Refined ModelGrid 1-mile by 1-mile 1/8-mile by 1/8-mile
Structure used DEM, point data from TWDB & TCEQ, will apply same data at refined scalecontour maps, and Seymour outline will include data from GCD well records
may include Brazos alluvium if data allowsHydraulic Conductivity interpolation of measurements and inferred add any new (>2003) data to interpolation
values from specific capacity tests add zones to differentiate between olderand younger deposits (TDWR, 1978)add data from GCD well records
Recharge temporal variability (monthly) and average Use data (Cl, H3/He3, matric potential) in recharge from SWAT simuations rangland and dryland and irrigated farmlandspatial variability from elevation model to describe predevelopment and land use/calibrated recharge relationships and historical land use
relationshipswill investigate irrigation return flow
Streams locations and geometry from RF1 no new information; repeat method undermonthly streamflows from gauge data refined conditions
Pumping annual data from TWDB no new information; repeat method undermonthly factors from Borrelli et al., 1998 refined conditions
ET temporal (monthly) and spatial variability follow methods in BEG & INTERA, 2005 andfrom SWAT modeling data from Borrelli et al. 1998
Springs used spring locations from Brune, TWDB either use fine scale USGS NHD coveragecounty reports, USGS database with DEM, place drains in all boundary cells,
or both
Refined Grid
Refined Grid – X-section Schematic
Interactions Between Model Grid Cells
NOTE: Grid blocks will be 1/8-mileby 1/8-mile not 1-mile by 1-mile
Refined Seymour GAM – Model Tool
MODFLOW-2000– Three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater flow code– Most widely accepted groundwater flow code in use today– Written and supported by the U.S. Geological Survey– Public domain– Well documented– Large user group– Supported by enhanced boundary condition packages to
handle recharge, evapotranspiration, streams, springs, and reservoirs
Groundwater Vistas for Windows Version 4– Graphical user interface for MODFLOW
Refined Seymour GAM - Input
Ground surface elevation– Digital elevation model (DEM)
Top and bottom elevations of the Seymour aquifer– TWDB Report 226 (Harden and Associates, 1978) – Driller’s logs from TWDB website, the Rolling Plains GCD, and TCEQ well
records
Structure Data Sources
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ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
D D
D D D D
D
D
D
D
D D D
D
D D
D
D D
County Boundaries
Driller's Logs on TWDB Website
D Driller's Logs in TCEQ Records
Î Seymour Outline
Contours from Published Reports
0 2.5 5
Miles
LegendNew Structure Data
Existing GAM Additional Data from Rolling Plains GCD
Refined Seymour GAM - Input (cont)
Aquifer properties– Hydraulic conductivity
TWDB Report 226 (Harden and Associates, 1978)TWDB Bulletin 6209 (Ogilbee and Osborne, 1962) – Haskell and Knox County reportTWDB Report 218 (Preston, 1978) – Baylor County report Driller’s logs from TWDB website, the Rolling Plains GCD, and TCEQ well records
– Specific yieldTWDB Report 218 (Preston, 1978) – Baylor County report
Hydraulic Conductivity Data Sources
LegendNew SC Data
G
G
G
GGGGG
G GGGG GGG
G
County BoundariesG SC data from TCEQ
Field K data from County Reports
0 2.5 5
Miles
Existing GAM Additional Data from Rolling Plains GCD
Older and Younger Deposits
from R.W. Harden & Associates (1978)
Refined Seymour GAM - Input (cont)
Initial elevation of the water table– TWDB website– TWDB Report 226 (Harden and Associates, 1978)– TWDB Bulletin 6209 (Ogilbee and Osborne, 1962) – Haskell and Knox County
report– TWDB Report 218 (Preston, 1978) – Baylor County report
Hydraulic head data for the calibration period (1980 through 1997) – TWDB website– TWDB website– TWDB Report 226 (Harden and Associates, 1978)– TWDB Bulletin 6209 (Ogilbee and Osborne, 1962) – Haskell and Knox County
report– TWDB Report 218 (Preston, 1978) – Baylor County report
Water Level DataKnox
Haskell
Baylor
ThrockmortonS
tone
wal
lK
ing
approximately yearly measurementsseasonal measurements
Locations with Transient
Water-Level Data
2130202
2135702
2149601
2151702
2129102
2134402
2136201
Knox
Haskell
Baylor
ThrockmortonSto
new
all
Kin
g
Jan-
80Ja
n-81
Jan-
82
Jan-
83Ja
n-84
Jan-
85
Jan-
86Ja
n-87
Jan-
88Ja
n-89
Jan-
90
Jan-
91
Jan-
92Ja
n-93
Jan-
94Ja
n-95
Jan-
96
Jan-
97
Jan-
98Ja
n-99
Jan-
00
Jan-
01Ja
n-02
Jan-
03
Jan-
04
Jan-
05Ja
n-06
Jan-
07
Jan-
08
Jan-
09
Date
1255
1260
1265
1270
1275
1280
1285
1290
1295
Wat
er -L
evel
Ele
vatio
n (fe
et)
21-30-202Baylor County
base of well
Jan-
80Ja
n-81
Jan-
82
Jan-
83Ja
n-84
Jan-
85
Jan-
86Ja
n-87
Jan-
88Ja
n-89
Jan-
90
Jan-
91
Jan-
92Ja
n-93
Jan-
94Ja
n-95
Jan-
96
Jan-
97
Jan-
98Ja
n-99
Jan-
00
Jan-
01Ja
n-02
Jan-
03
Jan-
04
Jan-
05Ja
n-06
Jan-
07
Jan-
08
Jan-
09
Date
1480
1485
1490
1495
1500
1505
1510
1515
1520
Wat
er -L
evel
Ele
vatio
n (fe
et)
21-35-702Haskell County
base of well
Jan-
80Ja
n-81
Jan-
82
Jan-
83Ja
n-84
Jan-
85
Jan-
86Ja
n-87
Jan-
88Ja
n-89
Jan-
90
Jan-
91
Jan-
92Ja
n-93
Jan-
94Ja
n-95
Jan-
96
Jan-
97
Jan-
98Ja
n-99
Jan-
00
Jan-
01Ja
n-02
Jan-
03
Jan-
04
Jan-
05Ja
n-06
Jan-
07
Jan-
08
Jan-
09
Date
1625
1630
1635
1640
1645
1650
1655
1660
1665
Wat
er -L
evel
Ele
vatio
n (fe
et)
21-49-601Haskell County
base of well
Jan-
80Ja
n-81
Jan-
82
Jan-
83Ja
n-84
Jan-
85
Jan-
86Ja
n-87
Jan-
88Ja
n-89
Jan-
90
Jan-
91
Jan-
92Ja
n-93
Jan-
94Ja
n-95
Jan-
96
Jan-
97
Jan-
98Ja
n-99
Jan-
00
Jan-
01Ja
n-02
Jan-
03
Jan-
04
Jan-
05Ja
n-06
Jan-
07
Jan-
08
Jan-
09
Date
1540
1545
1550
1555
1560
1565
1570
1575
1580
Wat
er -L
evel
Ele
vatio
n (fe
et)
21-51-702Haskell County
base of well
Jan-
80Ja
n-81
Jan-
82
Jan-
83Ja
n-84
Jan-
85
Jan-
86Ja
n-87
Jan-
88Ja
n-89
Jan-
90
Jan-
91
Jan-
92Ja
n-93
Jan-
94Ja
n-95
Jan-
96
Jan-
97
Jan-
98Ja
n-99
Jan-
00
Jan-
01Ja
n-02
Jan-
03
Jan-
04
Jan-
05Ja
n-06
Jan-
07
Jan-
08
Jan-
09
Date
1380
1385
1390
1395
1400
1405
1410
1415
1420
Wat
er -L
evel
Ele
vatio
n (fe
et)
21-29-102Knox County
base of well
Jan-
80Ja
n-81
Jan-
82
Jan-
83Ja
n-84
Jan-
85
Jan-
86Ja
n-87
Jan-
88Ja
n-89
Jan-
90
Jan-
91
Jan-
92Ja
n-93
Jan-
94Ja
n-95
Jan-
96
Jan-
97
Jan-
98Ja
n-99
Jan-
00
Jan-
01Ja
n-02
Jan-
03
Jan-
04
Jan-
05Ja
n-06
Jan-
07
Jan-
08
Jan-
09
Date
1435
1440
1445
1450
1455
1460
1465
1470
1475
Wat
er -L
evel
Ele
vatio
n (fe
et)
21-34-402Knox County
base of well
Jan-
80Ja
n-81
Jan-
82
Jan-
83Ja
n-84
Jan-
85
Jan-
86Ja
n-87
Jan-
88Ja
n-89
Jan-
90
Jan-
91
Jan-
92Ja
n-93
Jan-
94Ja
n-95
Jan-
96
Jan-
97
Jan-
98Ja
n-99
Jan-
00
Jan-
01Ja
n-02
Jan-
03
Jan-
04
Jan-
05Ja
n-06
Jan-
07
Jan-
08
Jan-
09
Date
1395
1400
1405
1410
1415
1420
1425
1430
1435
Wat
er -L
evel
Ele
vatio
n (fe
et)
21-36-201Knox County
base of well
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214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409214240921424092142409
21361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103213610321361032136103
Knox
Haskell
Baylor
ThrockmortonSto
new
all
Kin
g
June
197
5
Jan
1976
June
197
6
Jan
1977
June
197
7
Jan
1978
Date
1430
1435
1440
1445
1450
1455
Wat
er -L
evel
Ele
vatio
n (fe
et)
June
197
5
June
197
6
June
197
7
21-36-103Knox County
base of well
June
200
2
June
200
3
June
200
4
June
200
5
June
200
6
June
200
7
June
200
8
Date
1470
1475
1480
1485
1490
1495
1500
1505
1510
Wat
er -L
evel
Ele
vatio
n (fe
et)
June
200
2
Jan
2003
June
200
3
Jan-
2004
June
200
4
Jan
2005
June
200
5
Jan
2006
June
200
6
Jan
2007
June
200
7
Jan
2008
June
200
8
21-35-748Haskell County
base of well
June
197
5
June
197
6
June
197
7
June
197
8
June
197
9
June
198
0
June
198
1
June
198
2
June
198
3
June
198
4
June
198
5
June
198
6
Date
1565
1570
1575
1580
1585
1590
1595
Wat
er -L
evel
Ele
vatio
n (fe
et)
21-42-409Haskell County
base of well
Refined Seymour GAM - Input (cont)
Cross-formational flow– Water-Level data on the TWDB website
Recharge– TWDB Bulletin 6209 (Ogilbee and Osborne, 1962) – Haskell and Knox County
report– Chloride concentrations in the unsaturated zone for various land cover (current
work by the BEG)
Recharge Estimates
LocationRise in Water
Level (ft)
Starting Year
Ending Year
Total Time
Specific Yield
Estimated Reharge
(in/yr)nr 60 1900 1933 33 0.15 3.27Rochester 4 2 0.15 3.60west of Rochester 25 25 0.15 1.80west of Rochester 30 25 0.15 2.16nr >16 1906 1918 12 0.15 >2.40west of Rochester 61 nrwest of Rochester 28 nrwest of Rochester 63 nrRochester 30 1900 1930 30 0.15 1.80nr = not reported
Recharge estimates from water-level rises reported in Ogilbee and Osborne (1962)
Ogilbee and Osborne (1962) suggest that “the development of the land for cultivationappears to have increased the opportunities for recharge and probably has decreasedthe amount of water lost by evapotranspiration.
Recharge Estimates (cont)
Setting Borehole Cl(P) Mean Minimum Maximu
mmm/yr in/yr mg/L m ft m m ft mg/L mg/L mg/L mm/yr in/yr
"Natural" Land CoverHAS03-07 626 24.6 0.401 5.79 19.00 15 49 4.0 13.0 10.7 6.1 17.2 26.8 1.1HAS04-27 629 24.8 0.401 5.94 19.49 15 49 3.7 12.2 47.4 23.0 71.9 6.4 0.3
Rain-Fed Agriculture Partly FlushedHAS03-07 657 25.9 0.408 2.9 9.51 15 49 3.5 11.5 33.8 13.8 60.6 10.0 0.4HAS04-27 633 24.9 0.409 9.14 29.99 15 49 5.6 18.2 17.2 6.2 49.6 22.0 0.9
Rain-Fed Agriculture Completely FlushedHAS03-01 627 24.7 0.404 6.1 20.01 15 49 6.1 20.0 15.5 3.1 27.5 21.0 0.8HAS03-02 627 24.7 0.404 2.51 8.23 15 49 2.5 8.2 12.9 5.9 28.6 25.6 1.0HAS03-03 630 24.8 0.404 6.1 20.01 15 49 6.1 20.0 21.2 5.9 74.3 19.4 0.8HAS03-04 627 24.7 0.403 3.66 12.01 15 49 3.7 12.0 8.1 3.4 21.9 41.6 1.6HAS04-30 633 24.9 0.411 4.57 14.99 15 49 4.6 15.0 7.2 6.4 9.3 36.6 1.4HAS04-31 633 24.9 0.41 3.66 12.01 15 49 3.7 12.0 6.1 5.1 7.7 43.9 1.7HAS04-32 635 25.0 0.408 9.75 31.99 15 49 9.8 32.0 15.0 5.5 30.5 22.5 0.9HAS04-25 632 24.9 0.409 12.19 39.99 15 49 12.2 40.0 18.7 4.1 65.6 27.1 1.1HAS04-28 628 24.7 0.403 10.36 33.99 15 49 10.4 34.0 19.9 5.8 58.6 20.6 0.8HAS04-24 632 24.9 0.409 9.6 31.50 15 49 9.6 31.5 10.0 3.6 41.5 38.6 1.5
Irrigated Agriculture Cl(P + Irr)HAS03-06 928 36.5 2.20 6.1 20.01 15 49 6.1 20.0 93.5 29.5 201.6 30.4 1.2HAS04-23 930 36.6 12.20 33.5 109.91 15 49 3.4 11.0 291.9 82.6 537.9 63.0 2.5HAS04-29 837 33.0 3.00 10.67 35.01 15 49 10.7 35.0 23.4 4.8 35.8 148.0 5.8HAS07-01 964 38.0 36.00 6.92 22.70 15 49 6.9 22.7 764.8 475.2 1268.4 70.8 2.8HAS07-02 968 38.1 103.00 6.4 21.00 15 49 6.4 21.0 2586.5 1917.9 3956.0 41.2 1.6HAS07-03 964 38.0 22.70 12.8 41.99 15 49 12.8 42.0 186.0 47.4 372.1 118.6 4.7
Estimated Recharge
Depth to WaterDepth Precipitation Flushed Depth
Preliminary estimates based on chloride concentrations in the unsaturatedzone – ongoing work by the BEG
Where does recharge go?
recharge
discharge to Permian
baseflow
spring discharge
water table ET pumping
Seymour
Permian
Refined Seymour GAM - Input (cont)
Natural discharge– Streams
Locations– TWDB website (major river GIS coverage)
Gain-loss– TWDB Report 218 (Preston, 1978) – Baylor County report
– SpringsLocations and Discharge Rates
– TWDB website– Brune (2002) – Springs of Texas, 2nd Edition– USGS (Heitmuller and Reece , 2003) – Database of Historical
Documented Springs and Spring Flow Measurements in Texas
Refined Seymour GAM - Input (cont)
Artificial discharge via pumping– Locations and Rates
TWDB pumping database
Monthly Variation in Irrigation Pumping
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Month
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Pum
ping
(AFY
)
Baylor County
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Month
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
Pum
ping
(AFY
)
Haskell County
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Month
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
Pum
ping
(AFY
)Knox County
Additional Data for Refined Model
Recharge studies by the BEG– Soil physics– Environmental tracers– Groundwater age dating
Historic development of the saturated interval in the Seymour– Filling up of the Seymour resulting from changes in land use
Data not previously publicly available (stakeholder, etc.)– Hydraulic properties
Additional data received from the Rolling Plains GCD– Water levels
Ability to use data since 1997 is limited due to required transient calibration period of 1980 through 1997
– Soft data Where is the Seymour Aquifer more productive and less productive?Where is recharge into the Seymour Aquifer higher and where is it lower?What is the interaction between the Seymour and underlying Permian-age rocks? Where do the Seymour and Permian-age rocks interact?
A simplified representation of the hydrogeological features that govern groundwater flow in the Seymour– Hydrostratigraphy– Hydraulic properties– Recharge– Pumping– Boundaries
Refined Seymour GAM – Conceptual Model
Seymour Formation
Clear Fork Group
ModelLayer
1
ModelLayer
2
Northwest Southeast
Recent Alluvium
Seymour
Clear Fork
Recharge
Discharge (ET, springs, pumping)
River-Formation Interaction
Cross-Formational Flow
No-Flow Boundary
General-Head Boundary
Groundwater Flow Direction
from R.W. Harden & Associates (1978)
Refined Seymour GAM Modeling Process
Collection and analysis of dataDevelopment of a conceptual model Construction of the mathematical modelSimulate development of the Seymour Aquifer (i.e., filling up of the aquifer)Calibrate the model to transient conditions from 1980 through 1997 using monthly time stepsConduct a sensitivity analysis on major parametersDocument all aspects of the model
Model Limitations
The Seymour aquifer is heterogeneous vertically (sand, gravel, silt, clay), but is represented as one layer with average properties.Processes and timing related to the historical development of the Seymour Aquifer are largely unknown.Data available (e.g., water levels, pumping) is limited in some regions.The GAM is a tool for making groundwater availability assessments on a regional basis only. The GAM is not capable of predicting aquifer responses at small scales (e.g., individual wells).
Advantages of the Refined Model
Additional data– Well log data from the Rolling Plains GCD
StructureHydraulic conductivity
– RechargeWork being conducted by the BEG
Refined Grid– Improves horizontal to vertical aspect ratio and thus communication
between gridblocks– Should reduce the number of dry cells– Provides ability to incorporate more heterogeneity in structure and
hydraulic properties– Provides increased resolution of drawdown
Considers only one pod of the aquifer– Improves model accuracy– Improves model performance
Additional Data to Support Model.
Additional data is welcomedAdditional data must be received by November 13, 2008All data used in the refined model will become publically available at the end of the projectForward data to– Toya Jones
INTERA, Inc.1812 Centre Creek Dr., Suite 300Austin, Texas 78754(512) [email protected]
Refined Seymour GAM Schedule
Date DescriptionMarch, 2008 Project Start
January, 2009 Completion of Conceptual Model DevelopmentFebruary 12, 2009 Draft Conceptual Model Report to TWDB
June, 2009 Completion of Steady-State Model CalibrationJuly, 2009 Completion of Transient Model Calibration
September 10, 2009 Draft Model Report to TWDBNovember, 2009 TWDB Feedback on Draft Model ReportDecember, 2009 Model Training SeminarJanuary 7, 2010 Final Model Report to TWDB
Seymour Aquifer Refined GAM Stakeholders Advisory Forum #1
Munday, Texas October 23, 2008
Attendance List, Questions and Answers, Discussion
ATTENDANCE LIST
Name Affiliation Toya Jones INTERA, Inc. Shirley Wade Texas Water Development Board Wade Oliver Texas Water Development Board Andrew Chastain-Howley Water Prospecting and Resource Consulting Ray Brady RMBJ Geo, Inc. Mendy Shugart Texas Department of Agriculture Joe Shephard City of Seymour Mike McGuire Rolling Plains Groundwater Conservation District Sam Fare West Central Texas Municipal Water District
PRESENTATION
The Stakeholder Advisory Forum was held on Thursday, October 23, 2008 at 6:30 p.m. at the Perry Patton Community Center located at 131 West Cisco Street in Munday, Texas.
The presentation topics for this form included:
Groundwater availability modeling overview Basics of groundwater flow Basics of groundwater modeling Comparison of existing Seymour Aquifer groundwater availability model and refined
groundwater availability modeling for the Seymour Aquifer in Baylor, Haskell, and Knox counties
Review of data needed for groundwater modeling New well data from Rolling Plains Groundwater Conservation District Timelines and request for additional information Schedule for the refined groundwater availability model for the Seymour Aquifer in
Baylor, Haskell, and Knox counties.
The meeting concluded at 8.45 p.m.
A summary of questions, answers and other discussion is listed below.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Question: Toya Jones: Where are the springs within the model area? Answer: Mike McGuire: There are a few springs along the Brazos River, probably more in Baylor County. Question: Toya Jones: There are data gaps in the southeastern and northwestern parts of the model. Are these areas dry? Answer: Mike McGuire: These areas are generally weak producers. There is some water production in the southern Baylor County pod. In the western Knox/Baylor pod, there is only windmill water and in southeastern Knox and eastern Haskell county much of this area is dry. Question: Sam Fare: Why is the model only using pumping data from the period of 1980 to
1997?
Answer: Toya Jones and Shirley Wade: The TWDB has detailed pumping from this period
which has been validated.
Question: Andrew Chastain-Howley: Were there ever any pumping tests conducted on the United States Geological Survey monitoring well near Munday? Answer: Mike McGuire: No. However, the production well (21-35-702) close to this site has a long history of data and it may be possible to use those data for estimation of specific yield. Question: Toya Jones: Is there any feel for communication between the Seymour Aquifer and the underlying Permian strata? Answer: Mike McGuire: Little communication is suspected. Question: Toya Jones: What are the irrigation amounts in each of the counties? Answer: Numerous: 2,100 acres-feet in Baylor County, 39,000 acre-feet in Haskell and Knox counties.
Question: Andrew Chastain-Howley: Are there any flowing creeks within the aquifer area?
Answer: Mike McGuire: There is no year round surface flow over the Seymour.
Question: Ray Brady: Are there similar modeling plans for any of the other pods (such as
Collingsworth County)?
Answer: Shirley Wade: There are no plans for modeling other pods at this time. If
stakeholders wish these other areas to be reviewed then the local Groundwater Conservation
Districts should vocalize this need to the TWDB.
DISCUSSION
Mike McGuire: Well yields are not generally as strong in the younger sediments to the west of the main pod in Knox and Haskell counties. Numerous: The native vegetation predating human development was tall grass prairie. There was also some skepticism that the aquifer was completely dry at the beginning of the 20th Century. Toya Jones: The intention is to simulate the Seymour Aquifer filling up with water. The reports suggest that the aquifer filled up between 1900 and 1930. Note: No other suggested scenarios or methods were put forward at this time. Mike McGuire: With respect to recharge, the active area is between the cities of Rochester and Rule, where the Altus sandy loam soils are at the surface. The Natural Resources Conservation Service has completed soil surveys which may be of use for the recharge analysis. Sam Fare: In addition, the best soils for recharge are generally the best soils for agriculture and irrigation. Therefore, these areas will get return flows in addition to high natural recharge rates. The dry land farming is conducted mainly on the black clay soils (which have lower recharge potential). Toya Jones: Suggested that the consultant estimates recharge and then send it to stakeholders for review. Mike McGuire: Municipal pumping from the aquifer is only for the city of Seymour today.
All other municipalities are supplied by surface water from Miller Creek Reservoir, which
filled up in 1978.