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Regents ReviewRegents Review
Forms of Government
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DemocracyDemocracy
Rule by the peopleOfficials are elected by votersBasic rights (civil liberties)- freedom of
speech, press, fair trial, freedom from imprisonment without proper cause.
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ExampleExample
Athens- citizens could directly participate in the government. By voting on issues in the city state.
However, only a small number were citizens (women, foreigners, slaves- not citizens).
Established pattern for later democracies.
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FeudalismFeudalism
Decentralized government (weak central government)- spread out.
Wealth determined by land ownership.Strict class structure.
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ExampleExample
Europe during Middle AgesLived on manor. Lord, vassals, knights,
serfs.Catholic Church very powerful. Honor code- Chivalry.Japan- 1100’s- Shogun, daimyo, samurai,
farmers, merchants and artisans.Code of BushidoStrict class structure.
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Divine RightDivine Right
Are also absolute monarchsDerive their authority directly from god.Compared to Mandate of Heaven (China).
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ExampleExample
Louis XIV “The Sun King”Built VersaillesPatronized the artsEngaged in constant warfare
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AbsolutismAbsolutism
One ruler with complete powerInherited positionWriters/ philosophers- Machiavelli and
Hobbes said human nature is bad and need a strong ruler to maintain order.
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ExampleExample
Henry VIII (England)- broke away from the Catholic Church.
Peter and Catherine The Great (Russia)- sought to expand and westernize.
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TotalitarianismTotalitarianism
20th century system similar to absolutism.Ruler seizes powerGovernment controls all aspects of your
life- education, art, literature.
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ExampleExample
Stalin (USSR)- glorification, purges, 5 Year plan.
Hitler (Germany)- Nuremberg Laws, Holocaust (genocide).
Mussolini (Italy)- censorshipMao (China)- Cultural Revolution