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REMINDERS: Problem Set 2: Due Friday (Jan 31) Midterm 1: Next Wednesday, Feb 5
- Lecture material covering chapters 1-5 - Multiple Choice, Short Answers, Definitions - Practice midterm will be on course website - Closed-book, no notes, no calculator. - No scantron or blue book necessary
UPCOMING REVIEW SESSION:
- Tuesday, Feb 4, 6:30-8:00pm in HSS 1330
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In general, Fog and Clouds form when air cools to saturation point as Temp DECREASES, qsat DECREASES, so RH INCREASES
RH = (q / qsat) x 100% if Temp decreases enough, RH ==> 100% (saturation) and condensation occurs. There are a variety of cooling mechanisms. Radiational cooling of surface can lead to Radiation Fog...
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Radiation Fog in the San Joaquin Valley January 2004
FOG
SNOW S.F.
L.A.
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Advection Fog in San Francisco
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Advection Fog Also occurs when warm moist air moves over cold land surface Southeast U.S. is prone to this type of fog in winter
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A
B
O Two unsaturated air parcels at A and B
When A and B mixed end up at point O. Now on saturated side of curve => condensation occurs and get Mixing Fog
RH<100%! RH<100%!q! q!
q!qsat!
RH>100%!
Temperature
Spec
ific
Hum
idity
Saturation Curve
Below curve: RH < 100% (not saturated) Above curve: RH > 100% ==> condensation occurs
MIXING FOG
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Cirrus Clouds - High and Optically Thin - Composed of Ice Crystals
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Altocumulus – Mid level clouds
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Stratocumulus Clouds – Low level clouds
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Stratocumulus
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Cumulus Clouds – Vertically developed
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Cumulus Clouds – Vertically developed
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Cumulus Clouds – Vertically developed “Supercell” System – Tornado Producer
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Nimbus cloud – Precipitating
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Virga – Precipitation that evaporates before reaching ground
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Color Enhanced Infrared Image Assign colors (or shades of gray) to different temperatures
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January 19, 2004 10AM PST
Infrared Visible
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Stability
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Is the Atmosphere Stable or Unstable? Question we ask to see if air will rise. If air rises, clouds may form.
Stable: Air parcel pushed up a little, but returns to original level Unstable: Air parcel pushed up a little,
and continues to rise.
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Clicker Question
Which of these situations is more unstable?
(A) (B)
cold air
cold air warm air
warm air
Set Clicker Frequency to AD
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Also must consider that as air moves up (or down) in the atmosphere, it's temperature will change. ==> changes in pressure cause expansion or compression