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Chad Martin
Renewable Energy Extension Specialist
Ag & Biological Engineering
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www.ces.purdue.edu/bioenergy
www.extension.purdue.edu/renewable-energy
Enhanced Hub of Information and Tools
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Primary Focus Areas
On-Farm Energy Efficiency
Biomass Energy
Biofuels & Co-Products
Wind Energy
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NREL and Purdue Extension Partnership for Wind Energy
Wind Energy Education pilot program:
Purdue University
Colorado State University
Montana State University
University of Wyoming
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Wind Energy Research at Purdue Dr. Doug Adams, and Dr. Sandy Fleeter
Research program for wind turbine reliability
Collaborative partnering with Sandia National Laboratory
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20% by 2030?
6/7
Prognosis could more than double the output of existing wind farms if it were possible to:
Sense and control loads along the span of the airfoil.
Sense wind at upstream turbines to optimize the operation (yaw, pitch) of downstream turbines.
Eliminate unscheduled maintenance/maximize uptime.
Sense wind speedsand direction
Control pitch/yawto suppress gusts
Sense blade defectand estimate loads
Predict and controlgrowth of defect
Schedule maintenancefor a convenient time
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Condition Monitoring
5/7
Fatigue to failure test of
TX-100 blade at NREL
in Boulder, CO
(Universal Resonant Exciter)
4 M Cycles 20° Crack
See crack grow
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U.S. Energy Production, 2007
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Top states for each renewable resource for electricity generation
1. Geothermal: California (88%)2. Solar: California (79%)3. Hydroelectric: Washington (31%)4. Wood: Maine (10%)5. Wind: Texas (27%)6. Biomass: Oregon (10%)
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration
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State Portfolio Standards
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Small Wind Turbine Considerations
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Renewable Energy is not the
starting point
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Our Energy Future Must ContainMany Different Components We will need many demand and supply side
options – there is no silver bullet
Energy efficiency will be very important – the energy we don’t consume is the cheapest resource
Renewable/Clean energy options have been and will continue to be driven by government policy
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Supplementing Grid Power
• Connected to utility gridthrough house/farm wiring
• 3 kW, 15-ft rotor, 23-ft tower*
• Produces ~ 5,000 kWh/yr
• Offsets ~ 3.8 tons CO2/yr
• Costs ~ $10,000
)
Typical Applications Farms, Homes, Businesses
Off-Grid Water Pumping with Wind
• Produces ~ 2,000 kWh/yr
• Offsets ~ 1.5 tons CO2/yr
• Costs ~ $4,000 installed
• Supplieswater for120 headof cattle
• 1 kW,9-ftrotor, 30-fttower
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Typical Applications Farms, Homes, Businesses
Offsetting All Utility Power
• “Net metering” utility power
• 10 kW, 23-ft rotordiameter, 100-ft tower
• Produces ~ 15,000 kWh/yr
• Offsets ~ 14 tons CO2/yr
• Costs ~ $35,000
Selling Power Back to Utility
• Produces ~120,000 kWh/yr
• Offsets ~ 91 tons CO2/yr
• Costs ~ $150,000
• Excesspowersold toutility
• 50 kW,49-ftrotor, 90-fttower
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Factors to Consider
Good wind resource: Class 2 or better
Home or business located on 1 acre or more of land
Average monthly electricity bills >$100 for 10 kW system, >$50 for 5 kW system
Zoning restrictions, economic incentives
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Source: U.S. DOE, National Renewable Energy Lab
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Net-metering for Grid-Connected Systems “Bank” excess energy with the local utility
Meter spins backward; customer receives full retail value for each kWh produced
Net excess generation (NEG) credited monthly or annually
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Importance of “Micro-Siting”
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Estimated 7% capacity factor in first 5 months of operation(December, 2006 – April, 2007)
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Example: Wind Turbine Installed CostRed highlights = Turbine System Cost
Updated: 5-Jul-07
High Cost Low Cost
Wind turbine & inverter $27,900 $27,900 $27,900
Tower (100 ft guyed) $9,200 $31,950 $7,400
Tower Wiring Kit $1,000 $1,140 $860
Shipping $1,500 $2,000 $1,000
Installation $8,000 $18,000 $2,000
Permits/Fees $500 $6,000 $0
Sales Tax, 2% $952 9% none
Total $49,052 $94,279 $39,160
Bergey Excel-S (10 kW)
Source: U.S. DOE, National Renewable Energy Lab
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Bergey Excel-S 10 kWSimple Payback
0
10
20
30
40
50
$0.050 $0.075 $0.100 $0.125 $0.150 $0.175 $0.200
Electric Rate ($/kWh)
Sim
ple
Pa
yb
ac
k (
Ye
ars
)
Bergey Excel
Class I/II
Bergey Excel
Class II/III
Bergey Excel
Class I/II w/ USDA
Bergey Excel
Class II/III w/ USDA
Source: U.S. DOE, National Renewable Energy Lab
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Entegrity 50 kWSimple Payback
0
10
20
30
40
50
$0.050 $0.075 $0.100 $0.125 $0.150 $0.175 $0.200
Electric Rate ($/kWh)
Sim
ple
Pa
yb
ac
k
(Ye
ars
)
Entegrity
50 kW
Class I/II
Entegrity
50 kW
Class I/II
Entegrity
50 kW
Class I/II
w/ USDA
Entegrity
50 kW
Class II/III w/ USDA
Source: U.S. DOE, National Renewable Energy Lab
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Grant and Loan Opportunities
USDA Rural Development
REAP – Rural Energy for America Program
www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/busp/9006grant
Indiana Office of Energy
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Please contact us with your questions
Chad Martin Klein Ileleji, Ph.D.
Renewable Energy Assistant Professor and Extension EngineerExtension Specialist [email protected]
[email protected] 765-494-1198
765-496-3964