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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CC303 : GEOTEKNIK 1 (LAB)
LECTURE NAME : EN.RUFAIZAL BIN MAMAT
NAME OF GROUP F :
MOHD HANAFI BIN ALIAS(14DKA11F1153)
MUHAMAD SHAHFUAN BIN NORDIN(14DKA11F1164)
MOHAMMAD AMERUL BIN MAT NAWI(14DKA11F1166)
MOHD NOOR HAFIZ BIN BACHOK(14DKA11F1168)
MOHD AFIQ
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FORMAT REPORT
a) Coverb) Rubricc) Student code of ethnicsd) The report should contain:
1-No. of experiment2- Topic of experiment3- Objective4- Apparatus5- Theory6- Procedure7- Result8- Calculation9- Discussion10- Conclusion
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STUDENT CODE OF ETHNICS
We hereby declare that this report was provide by own efforts. We also pleaded not receive or
give any assistance in preparing this report and make this declaration in the belief that what is
in it is true.
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Reg. No:14DKA10F2052
Date:
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NO EXPERIMENT : 1
TOPIC EXPERIMENT : COMPACTION TEST
INTRODUCTION : Soil compaction is defined as the method of mechanically
increasing the density of soil. In construction, this is
significant part of the building process.
OBJECTIVE : 1) to determine the relationship between the
moisture content and the dry density of a soil for a specified
compactive effort.
2) to determine how much space is available for air and water.
APPARATUS : 1) Manual rammer
2) mold3) Extruder,
4)Balance,
5)Drying oven,
6)Mixing pan,
7)Trowel, #4 sieve,
8) Moisture cans,
9)Graduated cylinder
10) Straight Edge.
11) 5kg of sand
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5kg of sand
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THEORY :
Compaction is the process by which the bulk density of an aggregate of matter is increasedby driving out air. For any soil, for a given amount of compactive effort, the density obtained
depends on the moisture content. At very high moisture contents, the maximum dry density is
achieved when the soil is compacted to nearly saturation, where (almost) all the air is driven
out. At low moisture contents, the soil particles interfere with each other; addition of some
moisture will allow greater bulk densities, with a peak density where this effect begins to be
counteracted by the saturation of the soil.
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PROCEDURE :
(1) Depending on the type of mold you are using obtain a sufficient
quantity of air-dried soil in large mixing pan. For the 4-inch mold
take approximately 10 lbs, and for the 6-inch mold take roughly 15
lbs. Pulverize the soil and run it through the # 4 sieve.
(2) Determine the weight of the soil sample as well as the weight of the
compaction mold with its base (without the collar) by using the
balance and record the weights.
(3) Compute the amount of initial water to add by the following method:
(a) Assume water content for the first test to be 8 percent.
(b) Compute water to add from the following equation:
100soil massin grams 8 water to add (inml) =
Where water to add and the soil mass are in grams. Remember
that a gram of water is equal to approximately one milliliter of water.
(4) Measure out the water, add it to the soil, and then mix it thoroughly
into the soil using the trowel until the soil gets a uniform color (See
Photos B and C).
(5) Assemble the compaction mold to the base, place some soil in the
mold and compact the soil in the number of equal layers specified by
the type of compaction method employed (See Photos D and E).
The number of drops of the rammer per layer is also dependent upon the type of mold used
(See Table 1). The drops should be
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applied at a uniform rate not exceeding around 1.5 seconds per Engineering Properties of
Soils Based on Laboratory Testing
drop, and the rammer should provide uniform coverage of the
specimen surface. Try to avoid rebound of the rammer from the top
of the guide sleeve.
(6) The soil should completely fill the cylinder and the last compacted
layer must extend slightly above the collar joint. If the soil is below
the collar joint at the completion of the drops, the test point must be
repeated. (Note: For the last layer, watch carefully, and add more
soil after about 10 drops if it appears that the soil will be compacted
below the collar joint.)
(7) Carefully remove the collar and trim off the compacted soil so that it
is completely even with the top of the mold using the trowel. Replace
small bits of soil that may fall out during the trimming process (See
Photo F).
(8) Weight the compacted soil while its in the mold and to the base, and
record the mass (See Photo G). Determine the wet mass of the soil
by subtracting the weight of the mold and base.
(9) Remove the soil from the mold using a mechanical extruder (See
Photo H) and take soil moisture content samples from the top and
bottom of the specimen (See Photo I). Fill the moisture cans with
soil and determine the water content.
(10) Place the soil specimen in the large tray and break up the soil until it
appears visually as if it will pass through the # 4 sieve, add 2 percent
more water based on the original sample mass, and re-mix as in
step 4. Repeat steps 5 through 9 until, based on wet mass, a peak Engineering Properties of
Soils Based on Laboratory Testing
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RESULTS :
DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE CONTENT
CONTAINER
NO.
1 2 3 4 5
Wet soil +
container(g)
0.079 0.102 0.131 0.142 0.185
Dry soil +
container (g)
0.077 0.099 0.120 0.133 0.186
Container (g) 0.050 0.052 0.051 0.049 0.049
Waterweight
(g)
0.002 0.003 0.011 0.009 0.004
Dry soil (g) 0.027 0.047 0.069 0.089 0.132Moisture
contain (%)
7.4 6.3 15.9 10.11 3.0
DETERMINATION OF DRY DENSITY
TEST NO. 1 2 3 4 5
Mould + soil
(g)
11.896 11.841 11.891 11.865 11.771
Mould (g) 7.425 7.425 7.425 7.425 7.425
Compacted
soil (g)
4.471 4.416 4.466 4.440 4.346
Mould
volume
(cm3)
2169.476 2169.476 2169.476 2169.476 2169.476
Bulk of
density
5.483x10-3
5.457x10-3
5.481x10-3
5.469x10-3
5.425x10-3
Dry density 2.06x10-
2.03x10-
2.05x10-
2.046x10-
2.003x10-
Zero void ratio ; specific gravity 2.65
Dry density 2.65x10-
2.65x10-
2.65x10-
2.65x10-
2.65x10-
5% void ratio ; specific gravity 2.65
Dry density
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CALCULATION:
DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE CONTENT
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DISCUSSION :
The compactive effort is the amount of mechanical energy that is applied to the
soil mass. Several different methods are used to compact soil in the field, and
some examples include tamping, kneading, vibration, and static load compaction.
The optimum water content is the water content that results in the greatest
density for a specified compactive effort. Compacting at water contents higher
than (wet of ) the optimum water content results in a relatively dispersed soil
structure (parallel particle orientations) that is weaker, more ductile, less
pervious, softer, more susceptible to shrinking, and less susceptible to swelling
than soil compacted dry of optimum to the same density. The soil compacted
lower than (dry of) the optimum water content typically results in a flocculated soil
structure (random particle orientations) that has the opposite characteristics of
the soil compacted wet of the optimum water content to the same density.
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CONCLUSION:
Mechanical compaction is one of the most common and cost effective
means of stabilizing soils. An extremely important task of geotechnical engineers
is the performance and analysis of field control tests to assure that compacted
fills are meeting the prescribed design specifications. Design specifications
usually state the required density (as a percentage of the maximum density
measured in a standard laboratory test), and the water content. In general, most
engineering properties, such as the strength, stiffness, resistance to shrinkage,
and imperviousness of the soil, will improve by increasing the soil density.