Download - Research- Cell Cycle
-
7/29/2019 Research- Cell Cycle
1/8
T he Fantastic V oyageResearch 2- The Cell Cycle
CompiledbyEmilyClarkson
-
7/29/2019 Research- Cell Cycle
2/8
Duplicating Cells
Everycellhasits6me;itgrows,works,eventuallyitwearsoutanddies.Tokeepthebalanceofan
organism,dyingcellsarereplacedthroughadividingprocessknownasMitosis.Howeverbefore
mitosiscanoccur,anumberofchangesmusttakeplaceinacellbeforeitcansplitintotwo
iden6calones.Thelifecycleofacellcanbeseeninthediagrambelow.
-
7/29/2019 Research- Cell Cycle
3/8
The Cell Cycle- Interphase
ThecyclebeginsonthisdiagramatG1.G1isaperiodofgrowthinthecell,maturingand
increasinginsize.FollowingthiscomestheSPhase(DNASynthesis).Thecellcreatesanexact
copyofallthechromosomesofDNAinthenucleus.AJerthiscomesasecondaryperiodofgrowth
G2.ThesethreephasesG1SPhaseandG2allcomeundertheMitosisperiodnamed
InterphaseItmakesupthemajorityofacellslife.Thenextfewstagesseethecellac6vely
duplicatetoformadaughtercell.
-
7/29/2019 Research- Cell Cycle
4/8
The Cell Cycle- ProphaseThebeginningoftheMstageofthecycle(otherwiseknownasMitosis)isknownasProphase.
HeretheDNAchromosomescoilandcondense,sotheycanbeclearlyseenunderamicroscope.
TheyappearxshapedandareknownasChroma6ds(seenmoreclearlyontheillustra6oninthe
nextstage)Thechroma6dscompriseofapairofiden6calchromosomes,producedinthe
synthesisstage.Atthis6methenucleolus(thedensepartofthenucleus)disappears.The
organellesknownascentriolesbegintomigrate,sothatoneislocatedoppositetheother,atpole
endsofthecell.
Centrioles
Nucleus
DNA
-
7/29/2019 Research- Cell Cycle
5/8
The Cell Cycle- Metaphase
FollowingProphasecomestheMetaphase.Atthisstagetheen6renuclearmembranebreaks
downtoallowthechroma6dstolineupinthecentreofthecell.Thebreakingdownofthenuclear
membranealsogiveswaytothespindles.Thespindlesare6nymicrotubules,producedbythe
centrioles,nowateitherendofthecell.Thosespindleslatchontothecentresofthechroma6ds,
eachchroma6disheldbyonespindlefromeachcentriole.Readyforthenextstagecalled
Anaphase.
Centriole
Spindle
Chroma6d
-
7/29/2019 Research- Cell Cycle
6/8
The Cell Cycle- AnaphaseAnaphaseistheperiodinwhichthecentriolespullawayfromeachother,theirspindlespulling
andbreakingthechroma6dsintwo.Eachhalfisnowtechnicallyonechromosome,theybare
iden6calgene6cinforma6on.Thecentriolespullthetwoiden6calpairsawayfromeachotherto
oppositeendsofthesamecellreadyforthefinalpartofthedivisionintotwoiden6calcells.
SisterChroma6ds Chromosome
Centriole
Spindle
-
7/29/2019 Research- Cell Cycle
7/8
The Cell Cycle- TelophaseTelophaseisthefinalstep.Thetwocompletesetsofgene6cinforma6onhavenucleus
membranesformaroundthem.Laterthosechromosomesunravelagainsotheycannolongerbe
seenunderamicroscope.Thecytoplasmcon6nuestodivideun6lafullcellisformed,resul6ngin
apairofiden6calcells,onemotherandonedaughter.Fromherethecyclebeginsagainandthe
cellsbegintogrowbackattheG1stage
Centriole
NucleusDNA
Cytoplasm
-
7/29/2019 Research- Cell Cycle
8/8
BibliographyIllustra6onsCellCycle
hp://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/cells2.html
hp://dedunn.edublogs.org/2011/0/08/cellcycle/
hp://ms6boldo.blogspot.co.uk/2008/05/mytosisoryourtosis.html
Variousinforma6on
Overviewofcellcycle
hp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2aVnN4RePyI
hp://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/cells2.html
hp://ms6boldo.blogspot.co.uk/2008/05/mytosisoryourtosis.html