Download - Research methodology for caadp m&e m&e framework, caadp indicators & sadc risdp indicators
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Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) Monitoring and Evaluation Framework and links to the Survey Questionnaire
Regional Methodology WorkshopBirchwood Hotel
21 June, 2012Pretoria
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Goal of CAADP • Help African countries reach and maintain a higher
path of economic growth through agriculturally-led development that reduces mass poverty, food insecurity and hunger.
Targets of CAADP • 6% average annual growth in the agriculture • MDG 1 - reduce poverty and hunger by half by 2015, • Allocating 10% of national budgets to agriculture
Goal and targets of CAADP
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CAADP is a strategic framework to guide investments across four specific pillars, as well as investments in strengthening institutional capacity across the pillars:
1. Extending area under sustainable land management and reliable water control systems
2. Improving rural infrastructure and trade-related capacity for market access
3. Increasing food supplies and reducing hunger4. Agricultural research and technology dissemination
and adoption
Four Pillars of CAADP
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The CAADP country roundtable process is the main process to monitor and evaluate at the country level.• inclusive participation of stakeholders to ensure that credible
and relevant evidence is used in the design of a CAADP investment program that is aligned with the CAADP principles and targets across the four CAADP pillars
• Significant stages in the process lead up to signing of a country CAADP compact and then design, technical review, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of the investment program.
CAADP Implementation
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Purpose of CAAD M&E FrameworkThe M&E framework was developed by ReSAKSS , endorsed in 2009 and validated 2010
• To monitor progress towards the successful implementation of CAADP
• Supports mutual, peer and progress reviews at the continental, regional and national levels respectively.
• Provides a basis for impact assessment of CAADP.• To do this it has identified a set of indicators, data required, laid
out a data collection, and analysis plan
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What to monitor?• What to monitor is based on the underlying logic of CAADP to
show how the investments (Inputs) and outputs associated with any one pillar of CAADP interact with the other pillars through complementarity or substitutability of investments to affect achievement of the overall CAADP goals and objectives.
• Also the framework shows how the investment decisions and realization of the various outputs and outcomes are influenced by the conditioning factors e.g. governance and trade and macroeconomic policies.
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Generally agreed that the indicators must be SMARTSpecific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely
Thus the best indicators are those that best reflect the range of inputs (processes, policies and investments), outputs and outcomes associated with the activities being implemented across the different pillars of CAADP.
What to monitor (2)
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• SMART indicators must be the ones that best reflect the range of:
1. Inputs,
2. Outputs
3. Outcomes
associated with the activities being implemented across the different pillars/subsectors of the agriculture sector
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely (SMART) Indicators
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• SMART indicators must also capture critical landmarks along the pathway (s) of impact e.g.1. Investments made and how these affect agricultural productivity
growth, poverty and hunger2. Investments made in capacity strengthening and how these
contribute to achieving the goals and objectives of the sector3. Investments made and associated outputs in each individual pillar
and how these are affected by investments and outputs associated with other pillars
4. Conditioning factors/exogenous factors – and how these are likely to influence realization of the goals and objectives of the sector
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely (SMART) Indicators
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Input Level Conditioning/Exogenous Factors
Political economyGovernanceInstitutions
Total Government RevenuePrivate Sector Investments
FDI/OD
Land Management & Water Control
Systems
Rural Infrastructure
Trade Related Market Access
Food Security and Safety Nets
Agricultural Research and Technology
Development
Institutional Capacity Strengthening
Public Investments
Investments in the 4 CAADP
Pillars and Capacity
Strengthening
Inputs
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Physical Capital
Irrigation Systems
Rural Roads
Marketing Infrastructure Food Reserve
Facilities
Human Capital
Information, Knowledge and
Technologies
Output Level Conditioning/Exogenous Factors
• Initial conditions of capital • Social services (Education, Health,
Social Security)
Outputs
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Sustainable Land
Management
Agricultural Production and Food
Supply
Agricultural
Trade
Outcome Level Conditioning/Exogenous Factors • Resources
• Rainfall • Natural Disasters
• Trade policies • Exchange Rates
• Prices
Outcomes
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Intermediate Goal Level
Prices
Income
Poverty
Hunger
Goal Level
Goal level Conditioning/Exogenous Factors • Household Assets and Endowments
• Natural disasters • Conflict
Intermediate Goal level Conditioning/Exogenous Factors
• Non-agricultural production • Employment, • Rural wages,
• Inflation
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Source: Benin.S., Johnson M. et al, 2008
Goals
Intermediate Goals
Outcomes
Outputs (Capital)
Input level• Political economy,• Governance• Institutions• Total Government Revenue• Private Sector Investments• FDI/ODA
Output level• Initial conditions of capital• Social services (Educ, Health. SS)
• Outcome level• Resources, Rainfall, Natural • Disasters, Trade policies, • Exchange Rates, Prices
Intermediate Goal level• Non-agricultural production• Employment, Rural wages,
• Inflation
Goal level• Household Assets and
• Endowments, Natural disasters• Conflict
Inputs(Investments)
Conditioning factorsOverall Performance Indicator Framework
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• The two figures:
• Help identify a critical set of indicators that in addition to being consistent with the impact pathways, possess sufficient information to address the fundamental question of whether the programme is on track to achieving the desired goal of agricultural growth rate and poverty, hunger reduction targets.
Figure 1 and Figure 2
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CAADP and SADC RISDP Indicators
• Achieving a GDP growth of at least 7% a year.• MDG1 by 2015 .• Doubling cropland under irrigation from 3.5% to 7%• Increasing fertilizer use to 65 kg/ha of arable land by
2015.• Increasing cereal yield to 2,000 kg/ha by 2015.• Doubling the adoption rate of proven technologies such
as improved seed varieties, and management of water and land by 2015.
• Increasing livestock production by at least 4% annually
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Questionnaire overview
The survey is divided into six broad sections:
• CAADP implementation process• Expenditure and investment indicators• Output indicators (Agricultural technology, diffusion, and
human capital indicators)• Agricultural sector performance indicators (Agricultural
production and trade indicators)• Macro- and socio-economic indicators (Welfare indicators)• Agricultural development strategies, policies and/or plans
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CAADP implementation process
The purpose of this indicator is to provide an overview of the progress, if any, the country has made in adapting and implementing the CAADP framework
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B: Expenditure and investment indicators
The purpose of this indicator is to collect information on government revenues, budget allocation and expenditures. This information will specifically be used to monitor the country’s progress towards the 2003 Maputo Declaration target of allocating at least 10% of total government budgetary resources to agriculture.
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C: Output indicators (Agricultural technology, diffusion, and human capital indicators)
This indicator covers information on the rate of modern input use which specifically includes adoption of improved technologies, sustainable land management practices and stock as well as quality (in terms of qualifications) of agricultural human capital.
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D: Agricultural sector performance indicators (Agricultural production and trade indicators)
• The purpose of this indicator is to monitor agricultural output and production performance in the country.
• This information will be used to assess whether and how the country is progressing towards achieving its agricultural growth and performance targets.
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E: Macro- and socio-economic indicators (Welfare indicators)
• To assess the extent to which the country is progressing towards achieving the MDGs, specifically MDG1 (on halving poverty and hunger by 2015) and MDG6 (particularly as it relates to combating HIV/AIDS).
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F: Agricultural development strategies, policies and/or plans
The purpose of these indicators is to collect information that will be used to review the country’s most recent agricultural development strategies, policies and/or plans (e.g. National Development Plans, Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRSs), Agriculture and/or Food Security Strategies, etc
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The indicators are grouped into seven intervention areas (1) enabling environment; (2) implementation process(3) commitments and investments; (4) agricultural growth performance; (5) agricultural trade performance; (6) poverty, hunger, and food and nutrition security; and (7) investment-growth poverty linkages.
Potential Indicators for CAADP M&E
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• Governance and economic management• % of population satisfied with political governance by: (i) gender;
(ii) rural/urban; (iii) age group; (iv) sector• Macroeconomic management: (i) deficit to GDP; (ii),revenue to
GDP; (iii) inflation rate; (iv) debt to GDP• Private sector development• Proportion of population with access to financial services for
agricultural and rural development• Proportion of commercial loans for agricultural and rural
development (and as % of Agricultural GDP• §Donor harmonization• Share of ODA for total budget support
Key indicators on enabling environment
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• Development of investment program Number of countries at major stages of the roundtable process (see Figure 2)
• Composition of stakeholders involved at each major stage of the process
• Resources and mechanisms for implementation of investment program
• Whether resources have been committed by governments, private sector and development partners
• Whether mechanisms are in place for implementation and M&E
2. Key indicators on implementation process
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• Total ODA commitments as % of Agricultural GDP (AgGDP• Total ODA for agricultural R&D and value chains• • Government spending on the agricultural sector as:
• (i) % agricultural budget; • (ii) % of total expenditures; and • (iii) % of AgGDP
• Share of government agricultural expenditures by: Function (research, extension, irrigation, etc) Sub-sector (crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries)• Total private sector investments in the agricultural sector % of
AgGDP
3. Key indicators on commitments and investments
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• Percent of agricultural land area under irrigation• Percent of population within 15 minutes, 30 minutes or more than
30 minutes of infrastructure or service• % of agricultural production that is lost post-harvest• %Technology adoption• %agricultural land area under improved technologies (crops and
forestry)• %of total livestock units of improved breeds• % of fish farming under sustainable management• Institutional capacity - Level of training (PhD, MS, BS, Dip Number
of professionals per 1000 persons by: Gender
4. Key indicators on provision, coverage and utilization of services
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• Value and volume of agricultural exports and imports
• as % of AgGDP (and contribution by different sub-sectors and major commodities)
• Food trade balance• Share of intra-regional trade• Share of value-added content of trade• Domestic and export-import parity prices by major commodities• Demand outlook and long-term price projections for major
commodities
5. Key indicators on agricultural trade performance
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6. Key indicators on poverty, hunger and food and nutrition security
• Poverty incidence ratio• Poverty gap ratio• Share of poorest quintile in national income• Proportion of the population below minimum dietary energy
consumption• Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age• Global Hunger Index• Share of food expenditure
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• Percentage change in poverty rate per unit change in AgGDP growth rate
• Value of AgGDP per unit cost of intervention
• Number of people lifted out of poverty or hunger per unit cost of intervention
7. Key indicators on linkages between interventions and CAADP goals
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