![Page 1: Research Methods. Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Structure Contrast X-Rays – inject something that absorbs X-rays Cerebral angiography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e245503460f94b11fd1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Research Methods
![Page 2: Research Methods. Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Structure Contrast X-Rays – inject something that absorbs X-rays Cerebral angiography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e245503460f94b11fd1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Structure
Contrast X-Rays – inject something that absorbs X-rays
Cerebral angiography
![Page 3: Research Methods. Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Structure Contrast X-Rays – inject something that absorbs X-rays Cerebral angiography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e245503460f94b11fd1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Computed Tomography (CT Scan) cross sectional images
![Page 4: Research Methods. Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Structure Contrast X-Rays – inject something that absorbs X-rays Cerebral angiography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e245503460f94b11fd1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CT SCAN When:
Find cause of symptoms (confusion, vision problems, headaches, paralysis)
Trauma Guidance for biopsy
What: bleeding in brain, clot, enlarged cavities, fractures, disease, tumors
![Page 5: Research Methods. Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Structure Contrast X-Rays – inject something that absorbs X-rays Cerebral angiography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e245503460f94b11fd1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Produces 3-D images with high spatial
resolution
http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/caseNA/pb9.htm
![Page 6: Research Methods. Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Structure Contrast X-Rays – inject something that absorbs X-rays Cerebral angiography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e245503460f94b11fd1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Functional
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Inject radioactive 2-DG
Functional MRI (fMRI) Visualizing oxygen flow in the
brain
![Page 7: Research Methods. Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Structure Contrast X-Rays – inject something that absorbs X-rays Cerebral angiography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e245503460f94b11fd1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
fMRI Vs PET
1. Nothing injected.
2. Provides both structural and functional information in one image
3. Spatial resolution is better than with PET
4. Can create 3-D images of activity over the entire brain
![Page 8: Research Methods. Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Structure Contrast X-Rays – inject something that absorbs X-rays Cerebral angiography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e245503460f94b11fd1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Research Methods. Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Structure Contrast X-Rays – inject something that absorbs X-rays Cerebral angiography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e245503460f94b11fd1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Electroencephalgram (EEG) Measure overall brain activity Epilepsy Sleep Disorders Monitor Brain activity during anethesia
![Page 10: Research Methods. Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Structure Contrast X-Rays – inject something that absorbs X-rays Cerebral angiography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e245503460f94b11fd1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Invasive Physiological Research Methods
Animal research Stereotaxic surgery
Lesioning Electrical stimulation Invasive recording methods
Manipulating or measuring within the brain
Copyright © 2006 by Allyn and Bacon
![Page 11: Research Methods. Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Structure Contrast X-Rays – inject something that absorbs X-rays Cerebral angiography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e245503460f94b11fd1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Stereotaxic Surgery
Used to position experimental devices within the brain
Stereotaxic atlas – provides coordinates for locating structures within the brain
Bregma – a point on the top of the skull often used as a reference point
Sterotaxic instrument – used to hold head steady and guide the device to be inserted
Copyright © 2006 by Allyn and Bacon
![Page 12: Research Methods. Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Structure Contrast X-Rays – inject something that absorbs X-rays Cerebral angiography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e245503460f94b11fd1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 14: Research Methods. Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Structure Contrast X-Rays – inject something that absorbs X-rays Cerebral angiography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e245503460f94b11fd1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Lesion Methods
Remove, damage, or destroy a part of the brain to observe impact on behavior
Types of lesions Aspiration lesions – suction Radio-frequency lesions (high frequency
current) – heat destroys tissue Knife cuts – may damage surrounding area
Used to eliminate conduction in a nerve or tract
![Page 15: Research Methods. Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Structure Contrast X-Rays – inject something that absorbs X-rays Cerebral angiography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e245503460f94b11fd1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Research Methods. Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Structure Contrast X-Rays – inject something that absorbs X-rays Cerebral angiography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e245503460f94b11fd1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cognitive Neuroscience
Goal is to identify the parts of the brain that mediate various constituent cognitive processes
Paired-image subtraction technique – compare PET or fMRI images during several different cognitive tasks
![Page 17: Research Methods. Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Structure Contrast X-Rays – inject something that absorbs X-rays Cerebral angiography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e245503460f94b11fd1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Behavioral Paradigms
Procedures developed for the investigation of a particular behavioral phenomenon
Traditional conditioning paradigms Skinner boxes Mazes
![Page 18: Research Methods. Methods of Visualizing the Living Human Brain - Structure Contrast X-Rays – inject something that absorbs X-rays Cerebral angiography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e245503460f94b11fd1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Autopsies & Brain Damage