Download - Residential and Commercial Plumbing
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Residential and Commercial Plumbing
Mr. Lemmons• Ag Mechanics
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Objective
The student will be able to:
• identify plumbing materials and perform basic plumbing procedures.
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Competencies
• Identify plumbing tools
• Identify and select pipe
• Identify common pipe fittings
• Assemble pipe
• Maintain water systems
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Tools
• Bench yoke vise• Chain vise• Chain wrench• Pipe wrench• Hacksaw• File• Pipe Cutter• Reamer
• Tubing cutter• Tap and Dies• Flaring tool• Flaring Block• Channel Locks
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Identification
• Pipe is defined as a hollow cylinder or tube used to conduct a liquid, gas, or finely divided solid .
• Pipe fittings- pieces used to connect pipe to itself or other fixtures.
• The nominal, or identifying size of pipe is generally based on the inside diameter. (ID) and outside diameter, (OD) Common sizes used for home or farm are ½, ¾, 1, 1 ¼, 1 ½, 2, 2 ½, 3, 4, 6 inch
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Use in the Agriculture area
• Pipe is widely used in irrigation systems for Agriculture as well as:
• Animal housing
• Sewage
• Drinking water
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Steel Pipe
• Black or Galvanized
• Black pipe is painted and has very little resistance to rust. **Used for Natural Gas**
• Galvanized pipe is coated with zinc and has good resistance to rust.
• **Used for water applications**
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Classification
• Standard- has a specific ID and OD
• Extra Heavy and Double extra heavy - have heavier walls, although the OD remains the same the ID changes.
• All standard fittings will work with the 3 different classifications of pipe
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Copper Tubing
• Pipe made of copper is frequently referred to as tubing.
• This tubing is soft and can be bent around irregular shapes so that it can be installed easily. It is preferred to steel because it resist corrosion.
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Disadvantages
• High initial cost• High degree of expansion• Bad taste and green stains if the water is slightly acidic
• Type K is the heaviest
• Type L is medium
• Type M is the lightest
Classification
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Joining Copper
• Copper pipe may be joined in three ways.
1. Soldering
2. Flaring
3. Compression
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Plastic Pipe
• Plastic is the easiest type of pipe to install.
• It is also one of the cheapest.
• The term plastic is used to include all pipe made of synthetic materials.
• If it is to be buried, it must meet guidelines for underground pipe.
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Types of Plastic
• PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)– Used for cold water or waste water applications
• CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride)– Used for hot water applications
• ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) – used for underground applications
• PE (polyethylene) – used for pump installation, underground, surface
installations. Cold water applications only.
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Joining Plastics
• CPVC and PVC are joined by gluing with cement.
• ABS can be joined by gluing or using a neoprene gasket.
• PE must have hose barbs and band clamps
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Cast Iron
• Sewer installations
• Available in sizes from 2 in to 6 in.
• Single Hub or Double Hub
• Oakum and lead
• Neoprene gaskets
Cast Iron Joining
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Cast Iron Joining
• Oakum and lead
• Neoprene gaskets
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Pipe Selection
• Each kind of pipe has advantages and disadvantages. When making repairs it is generally easier to repair systems with the kind of pipe used in the original installation.
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New Installations
• When planning a new system, it is important to consider the relative merits of each kind of pipe.
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Soldering Copper
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Gluing Plastic
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Drains
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Sink Faucet
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Tub Faucet
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Valve
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Pipe Fittings