Restoration Design
Incorporating Design and Project Management into Restoration
Practice
• Kern Ewing and Jim Fridley
• Restoration Ecology and Environmental Horticulture Program
• University of Washington, Seattle
http://www.cfr.washington.edu/classes.cfr.302/
• Why design and project management?– To efficiently use time and resources– To make sure you make deadlines and hit
windows– To make sure everything is done– To communicate with clients, regulators– To budget– To document your work– To come up with better solutions
Design
• Design stages:– Identification of need– Problem framing– Setting design requirements and constraints– Synthesis of design parameters– Approval and acceptance– Implementation– Assessment and adjustment
• Stakeholders– Problem owner (client)– Those responsible for proposing or initiating
action (design team)– Those who implement solutions (workers)– Those who may benefit from, or be injured by,
proposed actions (affected persons)– Potential blockers (activists, regulators,
bureaucrats, manager).
Time
Steps
Progress alongdesign sequence
Implementation
• Design stages:– Identification of need– Problem framing– Setting design requirements and constraints– Synthesis of design parameters– Approval and acceptance– Implementation– Assessment and adjustment
• Design stages (1): identification of need– Assigned problems– Self-identified problems
• Get a concise description of project in words of stakeholders.
• Communicate a concise restatement of project in words of design team (Active Listening)
• Design stages (2): problem framing– Dominating Perspective or Viewpoint – Establish Policy & System Level Functional
Requirements and Constraints– Set Tolerance and Acceptance Criteria– Identify Top Level Constraint Owners
(Stakeholders) – Identify Collaborators for Concurrent Design
• Design stages (3): setting design requirements and constraints
Functional Requirements (FR’s)– Functional Objectives Stated in Solution-
Neutral Terms
Constraints (C’s)– Limitations on Designer Freedom– All C’s Must Be Owned by a Stakeholder
• Constraints
• Constraint Owner
• No more than…• At least…• Without…• Limits, bounds
• Functional Requirements
• Problem Owner
• Provide …• Increase …• Decrease ...• Don’t have but want
or need
• Design stages (4): Synthesis of design parameters– Iterative: you go back and forth between
stages 3 and 4.
• Design is done when:– Persons of ordinary skill can implement the
solution so that it performs the desired functions.
– The solution does not violate constraints.
Project management
• Goal of project management:– Achieve better outcomes
• Meet FR’s• Not violate C’s
– Stay within budget– Complete project within a pre-determined time
• Planning and sequencing– Identify tasks– Identify precedence relationships (A must
precede B)– Estimate task durations– Sequence the tasks to meet precedence
requirement
Task list
• Tasks might be: Plan for vegetation Plant site Condition site Remove invasive plants Purchase seed Select and propagate Replace dead plants Monitor installation Develop succession management plan Install large woody debris Control for human activity
Determine Precedence
• Generate a table that shows, for each task, what tasks must precede and what tasks must follow.
• BPA project example at right.
Task Follows Precedes
A. Wait for BPA to finish - C,D,E,K
B. Plan for vegetation - C,F,G
C. Plant site A,D,F,G,K
D. Condition site E
E. Remove invasive plants A
F. Purchase seed B
G. Select and propagate B
H. Replace dead plants C
I. Monitor installation J,L
J. Develop succession management plan
- B,I
K. Install large woody debris A,D,E C
L. Control for human activity J,C -
Network Diagram
Look at the project sequencing as a diagram with circles and arrows:
Start Finish
Condition Site
Start Finish
Plant Site
Start Finish/Start
Condition Site
Finish
Plant Site
Example network diagram (BPA right of way)
Determine Precedence
• Generate a table that shows, for each task, what tasks must precede and what tasks must follow.
• BPA project example at right.
Task Follows Precedes
A. Wait for BPA to finish - C,D,E,K
B. Plan for vegetation - C,F,G
C. Plant site A,D,F,G,K
D. Condition site E
E. Remove invasive plants A
F. Purchase seed B
G. Select and propagate B
H. Replace dead plants C
I. Monitor installation J,L
J. Develop succession management plan
- B,I
K. Install large woody debris A,D,E C
L. Control for human activity J,C -
7 3 5 4 3 2 ?
10 ?
10
10
5 0
0 0
Task durations are shown in black
7 3 5 4 3 2 ?
10 ?
10
10
5 0
0 0
0 2015107 25
10
23
2010
25
Task durations are shown in blackEarly start times are shown in green
7 3 5 4 3 2 ?
10 ?
10
10
5 0
0 0
0 2015107 25
10
23
2010
2523
Task durations are shown in blackEarly start times are shown in greenLate start times are shown in red
Determine Late Starts/Discuss/Submit
7 3 5 4 3 2 ?
10 ?
10
10
5 0
0 0
0 2015107
25
10
23
20
10
25
23
2320
20
16
15
13
11
10
8
01
Task durations are shown in blackEarly start times are shown in greenLate start times are shown in red
A-7 E-3 D-5 K-4 C-3 L-2 I-?
J-10 H-?
B-10
G-10
F-5 0
0 0
0 2015107
25
10
23
20
10
25
23
2320
20
16
15
13
11
10
8
01
Tasks and their durations are shown in blackEarly start times are shown in greenLate start times are shown in red
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
A 7
B 10
C 3
D 5
E 3
F 5
G 10
H -
I -
J 10
K 4
L 2
Gantt Chart
Complete/Discuss/Submit