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8/12/2019 Revision Class

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1-3-4 Disaster Recovery

Activates before the disasterDisaster Preparedness

Risk identification Hazard Assessment Vulnerability Assessment

Disaster Mitigation

Physical/structural mitigation worksLand-use planning and building codesSystematic education, training and awareness Development of Disaster Management Plan Setting of Control Room Setting of Wireless Station Constitution of Flood Zones


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Deployment of Country Boats Storage and Stock Piling of Emergency Relief Identification of Weak and Vulnerable Points Awareness Generation Mock Drill Selection of Flood / Cyclone Shelters/ Mounds Alternative Communication and Road Net Works Transport Liaison Provision of rescue kits Response & Recovery

Actions carried out in a disaster situation with the objective to save life, alleviate sufferingand reduce economic losses.

The main tool in response is the implementation of plans which were prepared prior to theevent.

Response activities are post activities geared towards: Providing emergency assistance Reducing probability of additional injuries or damage Speeding recovery operations Returning systems to normal level

Actions carried out to bring the destructed society back to NORMAL

or rehabilitation phase

activities geared towards restoration of basic servicesbeginning of the repair of physical, social and economic damage

e.g. lifelines, health and communication facilities, as well as utility systems.


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The recovery phase also includes efforts to reduce disaster risk factors Hazardsand their types

Classification of Hazard

Aimto help focus attention to the correct sources of the hazard there are many types of classification systems, detailed and structured as well as very

simple

the most basic classification of hazards is the division into natural and manmade

a more accurate classification method distinguishes hazards according to their origin asfollows:

Hazards originating in nature (earthquake, tsunami, floods, diseases etc.);Hazards originating in violence (war conflicts, terrorism etc.);Hazards originating in deterioration (deterioration of social or health services,

economic systems economic crises etc.);

Hazards originating in industry (chemical contamination of natural resources froman industrial production etc.).

Although important do not dedicate much capacity to this step Hazard AssessmentIt is about

the nature, characteristics, causes,geographical distribution, frequency,

magnitude or severity, the kind of damage they doHazards should also be seen in a broader context, as part of ecosystems and the environment

in general.

development and disaster reduction workers need to understand the main features of thehazards in the places where they work

during hazard analysis specific experts (for example climate experts, agronomists,meteorologists, geologists, health professionals, economists etc.) are needed to be consulted


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consulted on the general nature of the given hazard, the context in which you are working oron other aspects.

target communities may have substantial knowledge of hazards although may not bescientific

Sources of information for hazard assessmentHazards data are largely scientific: quantitative or spatial

geological hazard maps, hydrological maps of flood-prone areas, wind, rainfall and sea-surface temperature data, recordings of seismic activity from monitoring stations local rainfall and flood level records

Specialists may be needed to interpret this data and provide specific recommendations.Access to relevant material varies greatly

atlases and maps often contain some geological and meteorological data weather and rainfall, variety of data from academic research, is also available public information on hazards originating in industry is likely to be hard to find as many

sources of such hazards are commercial industrial operations such as factories

governments official enquiries or health and safety departments may have producedrelevant reports and there may be some published research

Environmental pressure groups may be a useful source of information as they oftendocument such threats

in many countries, maps are considered militarily sensitive and high resolution maps inparticular are not available to the public

General aspects of hazards

type of information needed during hazard analysis include


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Underlying causes that influence the occurrence of hazards, Frequency, Seasonality, Geographical area of the hazards occurrence Possible trends.

Information and knowledge regarding past hazards to understand the type and extent of possible impacts that a hazard will

produce

trends need to be identified the patterns of frequency, seasonality, location and intensity can be identified thus allowing better-informed decisions about programming to be made.

the changing rainfall patterns and the timing of the subsequent flooding of a floodplain

may lead you to consider introducing shorter maturation crops to counter thereduction in the growing season

frequency and probability have to be clearly understood awareness of the probability of a hazard occurring is only useful in hazard analysis

when it is expressed within a given timeframe

frequency is an expression of the average time that elapses between hazardsrecurring,

also commonly used to express the interval between events of a measurable highimpact

fifteen year floods -i.e. floods of this magnitude occur on average onceevery fifteen years.

Key hazard characteristics

identification of the key characteristics of the hazard and how it impacts on the targetcommunity

the subject of a participatory exercise


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Aim-to understand a situation in order to identify the problem(s), the source of theproblem(s) and the consequences of the problem

Vulnerability AssessmentProcess of identifying, quantifying & prioritizing/ranking the vulnerabilities in a

system. This assessment may include

Water and supply systems Communication systems Energysupply system

Transport systems Information technology systems Socializationand its impact

Vulnerabilityassessment and sources of vulnerability

Vulnerability Assessment

Process of identifying, quantifying & prioritizing/ranking the vulnerabilities in asystem. This assessment may include

Water and supply systems Communication systems Energy supplysystem

Transport systems Information technology systems Socialization and itsimpact

Focuses both on consequences for the object itself and on primary and secondaryconsequences for the surrounding environmentPossibilities of reducing such consequences and of improving the capacity to manage future

incidents

Serves to categorize key assets and drive the risk management processVulnerabilityassessment and sources of vulnerabilitySocial VulnerabilityPoor social structurePoor communication


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Influence of some groups over othersPresence of minority groupsIncreasing number of population and densityChanging way of lifeWar and civil strifeRapid urbanizationSo onVulnerabilityassessment and sources of vulnerabilityEconomic VulnerabilityPovertyPoor communication systemPoor management systemLack of systems to prevent disasters from happeningLack of preparednessLack of mitigation measuresSociety with deep rooted divisionsLack of emergency response to disastersLack of preparation for rehabilitationVulnerabilityassessment and sources of vulnerability

Geographic Vulnerability

People living in exposed locations Mountain sides River banks


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Deep gorges Flood prone areas

People living around industrial areasPeople living in an environmentally degraded land/locationPeople living in areas where explosives have been buried/forgottenPeople living in post catastrophic disaster areaSo onFactors Affecting Human VulnerabilityPovertyIncreased population densityRapid urbanization

Change in way of life

Environmental degradationLack of awareness and informationWar and civil strife

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