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The Practicalities, Perils andPromise of RFID
The Practicalities, Perils andPromise of RFID
Joe McCarthyJoe McCarthy
Connector in ChiefConnector in Chief
Interrelativity, IncInterrelativity, Inc
1 March 2006
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OutlineOutline
What is RFID?What is RFID?
What is it good for?What is it good for?
What are the risks?What are the risks?
What is on/over the horizon?
What is on/over the horizon?
It may be simple, but its not easyIt may be simple, but its not easy
Identify any object anywhere automaticallyIdentify any object anywhere automatically
The innocent have nothing to fearThe innocent have nothing to fear
The future is here, its just unevenly distributed.The future is here, its just unevenly distributed.
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What is RFID?What is RFID?
Si
Coil
Encapsulation
RFID Transponder
Radio frequency identification (RFID)
is a generic term that is used to describea system that transmits the identity
(in the form of a unique serial number)of an object or person wirelessly,using radio waves. [RFID Journal]
[Roy Want, Intel]
ComputerRFID
Interrogator
RFIDTransponder
Energy
Clock
Data
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Its simple,but it isnt easyIts simple,
but it isnt easy
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EPCglobalEPCglobal
Tag
Local Host
ONS PMLSavant
ReaderProduct
Remote Host
Network
Network
Network
EPC
TAGS RFID EPC Electronic Product Code ONS Object Name Service PML Physical Markup Language SavantTM Distributed Operating System ALE Application Level Events (devices, data, apps)
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ComplicationsComplicationsTag size, shape, frequencyTag size, shape, frequencyPassive, semiPassive, semi--passive, activepassive, activeDistance, orientationDistance, orientationRF interference (EMI)RF interference (EMI)
Other tags, readersOther tags, readers
Other sources of RFOther sources of RFMetal, liquids, Metal, liquids,
StandardsStandardsISO, EPC (Gen X, Class Y)ISO, EPC (Gen X, Class Y)
PatentsPatentsData FormatData Format
Writeable tagsWriteable tagsInteroperabilityInteroperability
Tags, readers,Tags, readers,backend systems,backend systems,industries, countriesindustries, countries
FrequencyFrequency CategoryCategory RangeRange
128 kHz128 kHz LFLF InchesInches
13.56 MHz13.56 MHz HFHF FeetFeet
915 MHz915 MHz UHFUHF MetersMeters
2.45 GHz2.45 GHz MicrowaveMicrowave Many MetersMany Meters
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CostsCosts
TagsTagsPassive: $0.25Passive: $0.25 -- $1.00$1.00
Active: $10Active: $10 -- $50$50
Readers, AntennasReaders, Antennas
Passive (UHF): $500Passive (UHF): $500 -- $3,000$3,000Active: readers + signposts, $10K+Active: readers + signposts, $10K+
Computers, networking, databases, Computers, networking, databases,
Training (mandatory, $10K, 1Training (mandatory, $10K, 1--2 weeks)2 weeks)
Forrester Research estimateForrester Research estimate(for a $12B consumer products company):(for a $12B consumer products company):$128,000 for consulting and integration$128,000 for consulting and integration
$315,000 for the time of the internal project team$315,000 for the time of the internal project team
$80,000 for tag and reader testing$80,000 for tag and reader testing
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RFID MarketRFID Market
Today: $2.7B, 1.8B tagsToday: $2.7B, 1.8B tags(500M passive, 1.3B active)(500M passive, 1.3B active)
2010: $12B;2010: $12B;2016: $27B, 12016: $27B, 1 trilliontrillion tagstags
RFID vs. barcodesRFID vs. barcodes55--10B barcodes / year10B barcodes / year
To reach 10B tags / year,To reach 10B tags / year,need < $0.01 / tag (2020)need < $0.01 / tag (2020)
Requires new technologyRequires new technologySource: IDTechEx
Hitachi mu-Chip(0.15x0.15x0.0075)
Philips(plastic)
Etc.
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Identify any objectanywhere automatically
Identify any objectanywhere automatically
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Supply ChainSupply Chain
Item CasePallet
Container
Transport Vessel / Vehicle
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Access ControlAccess Control
Buildings
Ski resorts
Countries
Containers
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Asset TrackingAsset Tracking
Livestock Salmon Pets
At school
On the bus
At the park
Airline luggage
Documents
& FoldersBeer & Wine
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RFID in HealthcareRFID in Healthcare
EquipmentMedications Patients
BloodSurgical sites
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TransactionsTransactions
ExxonMobil SpeedPass
Illinois Tollway
I-Pass
SST PowerPay
ASK @
Olympics
AmEx
ExpressPayMasterCard
PayPass
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The innocent havenothing to fear
The innocent havenothing to fear
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Internet: aggregate electronic dataInternet: aggregate electronic data
RFID + Internet: aggregate physical world data (!)RFID + Internet: aggregate physical world data (!)
Tracking & tracing: people, places & thingsTracking & tracing: people, places & things
ItemItem--level vs. supply chainlevel vs. supply chain
RisksRisks
BoycottBenetton.com BoycottGillette.com BoycottTesco.com
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HacksHacks
RFID Chips in Car Keys and Gas Pump Pay Tags Carry Security Risks
Avi Rubin, et al., Johns Hopkins University, 29 January 2005http://RFIDanalysis.org/
How to Kill RFID Tags with a Cell Phone
Scientific American Blog, 14 February 2006Adi Shamir
Weizmann Institute
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Real ID ActReal ID ActPassed May 10, 2005Passed May 10, 2005
Effective 2008Effective 2008
National ID CardNational ID Cardname, address, DOB, sex,name, address, DOB, sex,
digital photo, ID numberdigital photo, ID number"common machine"common machine--readablereadabletechnologytechnology
notnot necessarilynecessarilyRFIDRFID
WA House Bill 2521WA House Bill 2521
More info:More info:www.epic.orgwww.epic.org
www.aclu.orgwww.aclu.org
www.schneier.comwww.schneier.com
www.unrealid.comwww.unrealid.com
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RFID + childrenRFID + children
Sutter, CA, school districtSutter, CA, school district
InCom CorporationInCom Corporation
Name badges + RFIDName badges + RFID
Notification vs. consentNotification vs. consent
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The future is here,its just unevenly distributed
The future is here,its just unevenly distributed
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RFID + Mobile PhonesRFID + Mobile Phones
KDDIKDDI
RFIDRFID readersreaders
Active & PassiveActive & Passive
NTT DoCoMo n901iC FOMANTT DoCoMo n901iC FOMA
Sony FeliCa chip (+ surround sound, card scanner)Sony FeliCa chip (+ surround sound, card scanner)
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RFID + SensorsRFID + Sensors
TempSensTempSens
Up to 64 temp. readingsUp to 64 temp. readings
Three modesThree modes
Interval (2 secInterval (2 sec 18 hrs)18 hrs)OutOut--ofof--range eventsrange events
OutOut--ofof--range + max/minrange + max/min
Shelf life: up to 18 monthsShelf life: up to 18 months
Applications: perishable food, drugsApplications: perishable food, drugs
www.kswwww.ksw--microtec.demicrotec.de
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RFID + RobotsRFID + Robots
Kobe, Japan
Mobility Support Project
Utah State University
Center for People
with Disabilities
Fukuoka, Japan
NTT + Tmsuk
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RFID + PeopleRFID + People
VeriChip (Applied Digital Solutions)VeriChip (Applied Digital Solutions)
Mexico
Attorney GeneralSpain
Beach Club
Cincinnati, OH
Tommy Thompson
Gov WI, Sec HHS,
Applied Digital
John Halamka, M.D.,
CIOHarvard Medical School
?
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Amal GraafstraAmal Graafstra
coming up in a bit
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Shameless Self-promotionShameless Self-promotion
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RFID + DisplaysRFID + Displays
Proactive DisplaysProactive Displays: Large displays with sensors: Large displays with sensorsthat can detect and respond to people nearbythat can detect and respond to people nearby
Promote awareness & interactions in shared spacesPromote awareness & interactions in shared spaces
Online communityOnline community
physical communityphysical community
+
OnlineProfiles
PhysicalTokens
(e.g., RFID)
+
LargeDisplays
BetterReal-worldInteractions
=
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RegistrationRegistration
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ProfilePhoto
NameOrganizationTitleticket to talk imageticket to talk caption
Queue (people detected nearby)
Sponsor(banner)
Anatomy ofa
Pr
oa
ctiv
e Displa
y
Anatomy ofa
Pr
oa
ctiv
e Displa
y
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Social Impact of
Pr
oa
ctiv
e Displa
ys
Social Impact of
Pr
oa
ctiv
e Displa
ysLearning about / meetingLearning about / meetingnew peoplenew people
Learning new things aboutLearning new things aboutold acquaintancesold acquaintances
Saving face by displayingSaving face by displayingnames (+ faces)names (+ faces) vs.
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A Range ofConnectionsA Range ofConnections
Coming soon
to an[other] event
near you
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Thanks! / Questions?Thanks! / Questions?
For more informationFor more information
http://interrelativity.com/rfidhttp://interrelativity.com/rfid