![Page 1: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Rhetoric
• The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively.
• Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or feelings of the readers and listeners.
![Page 3: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Def: Extending a Extending a metaphor through an metaphor through an entire narrativeentire narrative so that objects, so that objects, persons, and actions in the text persons, and actions in the text
are are equated with meanings that lie equated with meanings that lie outside the text. outside the text.
Ex: Avatar, Pilgrim’s Progress, Lord of the Avatar, Pilgrim’s Progress, Lord of the FliesFlies
![Page 4: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Def: REPETITION of similar sounds
at the beginning of a phrase
(usually CONSONANTS)
Ex: She sells sea shells by the sea shore.
![Page 5: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Ex: Now, if you don’t win, I don’t want to hear any sour grape remarks.
(This refers to one of Aesop’s fables.)
Def: literary, historical, religious, or mythological REFERENCE
![Page 6: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ex: For everything there is a season, and a time for every matter under heaven: a time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck upwhat is planted
Def: REPITION of the same WORDS/PHRASES at the beginning of clauses
![Page 7: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Def: CONTRASTING ideas presented in balanced grammatical structure
Ex: one SMALL STEP for man,
one GIANT LEAP for mankind.
![Page 8: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Def: Def: short, witty short, witty life life lesson lesson
OROR
statement statement designed to designed to make a point make a point
of of a commonly a commonly held beliefheld belief
Ex: “Children should be seen, not heard.”
![Page 9: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ex: Mirror, Mirror, on the wall – Who is the fairest of them all?
Def: Speaking to someone NOT present, or to an OBJECT
![Page 10: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Def: REPETITION of similar VOWEL sounds in the middle of words
Ex: Tilting at the windmills .
![Page 11: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Def: CONJUNCTIONS are OMITTED
Ex. I came, I saw, I conquered
NOTNOT withwith conjunctionsconjunctions
![Page 12: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Def: figure of speech where first half of terms are REVERSED in the second half.
Ex: “He thinks I am but a fool.
A fool, perhaps I am.”
![Page 13: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Def: SLANG in a certain region, or informal/ unprofessional diction.
Ex: YA’LL
Things Stuff
![Page 14: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Def: IMPLIED, underlying
meaning of a word
Def: DICTIONARY DEFINITION of a
word
![Page 15: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Def: REPETITION of CONSONANT SOUNDS at the end of words
Ex: pitter-patter splish-splash
![Page 16: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Def: WORD CHOICE
High level, low level, emotional, vehement, etc.
![Page 17: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Def: KINDER way of expressing something UNPLEASANT
I need to poop!
I need to use the bathroom!
OR
![Page 18: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Def: EXTREME EXAGGERATION
Look, there’s an allusion too!
![Page 19: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Def: SENSORY DETAIL to evoke feeling or emotion or to describe; the 5 senses
Ex: “Her cheeks were rosy and so was my love – bursting with fragrance and softness.”
![Page 20: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
AN IMPLIED DIFFERENCE.
VERBAL: Difference between what is said and what is meant
SITUATIONAL: Difference between what you are led to expect and what actually happens
DRAMATIC: Difference between what one character knows and what the audience knows (We know something the character does not know.)
Clarification: If I say, “Gee, I really wish it would snow,” and it starts snowing immediately, that is apropos (too perfect). It is NOT ironic. (There is no DIFFERENCE between what I wanted and what happened.)
![Page 21: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Def: UNDERSTATEMENT by negating the opposite.
I am not a tiny man.
Your temperature is not quite normal.
![Page 23: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ETHOS: authority/ shared values
LOGOS: logicPATHOS:
emotion
![Page 24: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Direct: A sea of troubles. OR
Indirect: His depression was vast, swelled by troubles that perpetually crested and fell.
Def: comparison WITHOUT USING LIKE OR AS
![Page 25: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Def: A CLOSELY ASSOCIATED object represents something
Instead of “king of fast food,” CROWN of fast food.
![Page 26: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Narration
Description
Exposition
(cause/effect) (comparison/contrast)
Argumentation
Way info. is presented:
![Page 27: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Def: sounds!
![Page 28: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Def: CONTRADICTING description
Jumbo shrimp
Mighty weakness
Cold heat
Pitiful privilege
![Page 29: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Def: statement that SEEMS completely contradictory but really is TRUE
Ex: Standing is more tiring than walking
Differs from oxymoron: Oxymoron is descriptive phrase
peaceful warParadox is whole idea
War is peace.
![Page 30: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Def: giving object/animal some HUMAN features
Ex: Pillsbury Dough Boy—He laughs, he cooks, he shops, he talks, he acts entirely human.
Def: Making object/ animal act like a HUMAN
Ex: As the turtle retreated into her shell, she cried.
(She still acts like a turtle, but she has human features too.)
![Page 31: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Def: question asked merely for effect, NOT expected to be answered
"Marriage is a wonderful institution, but who would want to live in an institution?"
(H. L. Mencken)
![Page 32: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Def: Usually hurtful or personally attacking. Such as CRITICAL PRAISE.
Def: human failings/ negative societal attitudes are RIDICULED, sometimes by false agreement or praise.
![Page 33: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
He is as pretty as your mom.
Def: comparison using LIKE OR AS
![Page 34: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Def: person, place, or thing that REPRESENTSsomething
Ex: Golden Arches represent
McDonald’s
![Page 35: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Def: PART of an object represents the WHOLE
I GOT NEW WHEELS I GOT A NEW CAR
![Page 36: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The way words and sentences are arranged.
Sentences can be short and choppy or long and flowing. Pay close attention to the
punctuation.
![Page 37: Rhetoric The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f485503460f94c69f47/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Def: author’s FEELINGS/ Tone of voice in his piece of writing